fix: include local shell helper in packaged app

fix: resolve native module path in linux packaging check
fix: repair linux node-pty packaging workflow
2026-03-21 04:39:02 +08:00 · 2026-03-21 04:15:45 +08:00 · 2026-03-21 04:13:31 +08:00 · 2026-03-21 04:07:39 +08:00 · 2026-03-21 03:59:31 +08:00 · 2026-03-21 03:46:08 +08:00
87 changed files with 3598 additions and 6649 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -121,11 +121,17 @@ jobs:
          echo "Setting version to ${VERSION}"
          npm pkg set version="${VERSION}"

+      - name: Prepare node-pty Linux runtime
+        run: bash scripts/ensure-node-pty-linux.sh prepare x64
+
      - name: Build package
        env:
          ELECTRON_BUILDER_PUBLISH: "never"
        run: npm run pack:linux-x64

+      - name: Verify packaged node-pty Linux runtime
+        run: bash scripts/ensure-node-pty-linux.sh verify x64
+
      - name: Upload artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
@@ -155,7 +161,9 @@ jobs:
      - name: Install build dependencies
        run: |
          apt-get update
-          apt-get install -y curl build-essential python3 git libfuse2 file rpm
+          apt-get install -y curl build-essential python3 git libfuse2 file rpm \
+            libglib2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libnss3 libxss1 libxtst6 libasound2 \
+            libatk-bridge2.0-0 libdrm2 libgbm1 libx11-xcb1 libxcb-dri3-0
          curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_22.x | bash -
          apt-get install -y nodejs

@@ -176,12 +184,20 @@ jobs:
          echo "Setting version to ${VERSION}"
          npm pkg set version="${VERSION}"

+      - name: Prepare node-pty Linux runtime
+        env:
+          npm_config_arch: arm64
+        run: bash scripts/ensure-node-pty-linux.sh prepare arm64
+
      - name: Build package
        env:
          npm_config_arch: arm64
          ELECTRON_BUILDER_PUBLISH: "never"
        run: npm run pack:linux-arm64

+      - name: Verify packaged node-pty Linux runtime
+        run: bash scripts/ensure-node-pty-linux.sh verify arm64
+
      - name: Upload artifacts
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
--- a/App.tsx
+++ b/App.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { VaultView, VaultSection } from './components/VaultView';
 import { KeyboardInteractiveModal, KeyboardInteractiveRequest } from './components/KeyboardInteractiveModal';
 import { PassphraseModal, PassphraseRequest } from './components/PassphraseModal';
 import { cn } from './lib/utils';
+import { classifyLocalShellType } from './lib/localShell';
 import { ConnectionLog, Host, HostProtocol, SerialConfig, TerminalTheme } from './types';
 import { LogView as LogViewType } from './application/state/useSessionState';
 import type { SftpView as SftpViewComponent } from './components/SftpView';
@@ -657,6 +658,24 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
  const addConnectionLogRef = useRef(addConnectionLog);
  addConnectionLogRef.current = addConnectionLog;

+  const createLocalTerminalWithCurrentShell = useCallback(() => {
+    return createLocalTerminal({
+      shellType: classifyLocalShellType(terminalSettings.localShell, navigator.userAgent),
+    });
+  }, [createLocalTerminal, terminalSettings.localShell]);
+
+  const splitSessionWithCurrentShell = useCallback((sessionId: string, direction: 'horizontal' | 'vertical') => {
+    return splitSession(sessionId, direction, {
+      localShellType: classifyLocalShellType(terminalSettings.localShell, navigator.userAgent),
+    });
+  }, [splitSession, terminalSettings.localShell]);
+
+  const copySessionWithCurrentShell = useCallback((sessionId: string) => {
+    return copySession(sessionId, {
+      localShellType: classifyLocalShellType(terminalSettings.localShell, navigator.userAgent),
+    });
+  }, [copySession, terminalSettings.localShell]);
+
  // Shared hotkey action handler - used by both global handler and terminal callback
  const executeHotkeyAction = useCallback((action: string, e: KeyboardEvent) => {
    switch (action) {
@@ -728,7 +747,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
          localHostname: systemInfoRef.current.hostname,
          saved: false,
        });
-        createLocalTerminal();
+        createLocalTerminalWithCurrentShell();
        break;
      case 'openHosts':
        setActiveTabId('vault');
@@ -767,7 +786,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
        const activeWs = workspaces.find(w => w.id === currentId);
        if (activeSession && !activeSession.workspaceId) {
          // Standalone session - split it
-          splitSession(activeSession.id, 'horizontal');
+          splitSessionWithCurrentShell(activeSession.id, 'horizontal');
        } else if (activeWs) {
          // In a workspace - need to determine focused session
          // For now, we'll need the terminal to handle this via context menu
@@ -782,7 +801,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
        const activeWs = workspaces.find(w => w.id === currentId);
        if (activeSession && !activeSession.workspaceId) {
          // Standalone session - split it
-          splitSession(activeSession.id, 'vertical');
+          splitSessionWithCurrentShell(activeSession.id, 'vertical');
        } else if (activeWs) {
          // In a workspace - need to determine focused session
          if (IS_DEV) console.log('[Hotkey] Split vertical in workspace - use context menu on specific terminal');
@@ -822,7 +841,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
        break;
      }
    }
-  }, [orderedTabs, sessions, workspaces, setActiveTabId, closeSession, closeWorkspace, createLocalTerminal, splitSession, moveFocusInWorkspace, toggleBroadcast]);
+  }, [orderedTabs, sessions, workspaces, setActiveTabId, closeSession, closeWorkspace, createLocalTerminalWithCurrentShell, splitSessionWithCurrentShell, moveFocusInWorkspace, toggleBroadcast]);

  // Callback for terminal to invoke app-level hotkey actions
  const handleHotkeyAction = useCallback((action: string, e: KeyboardEvent) => {
@@ -968,7 +987,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
  // Wrapper to create local terminal with logging
  const handleCreateLocalTerminal = useCallback(() => {
    const { username, hostname } = systemInfoRef.current;
-    const sessionId = createLocalTerminal();
+    const sessionId = createLocalTerminalWithCurrentShell();
    addConnectionLog({
      sessionId,
      hostId: '',
@@ -981,7 +1000,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
      localHostname: hostname,
      saved: false,
    });
-  }, [addConnectionLog, createLocalTerminal]);
+  }, [addConnectionLog, createLocalTerminalWithCurrentShell]);

  // Wrapper to connect to host with logging
  const handleConnectToHost = useCallback((host: Host) => {
@@ -1204,7 +1223,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
        isMacClient={isMacClient}
        onCloseSession={closeSession}
        onRenameSession={startSessionRename}
-        onCopySession={copySession}
+        onCopySession={copySessionWithCurrentShell}
        onRenameWorkspace={startWorkspaceRename}
        onCloseWorkspace={closeWorkspace}
        onCloseLogView={closeLogView}
@@ -1298,7 +1317,7 @@ function App({ settings }: { settings: SettingsState }) {
          onSetDraggingSessionId={setDraggingSessionId}
          onToggleWorkspaceViewMode={toggleWorkspaceViewMode}
          onSetWorkspaceFocusedSession={setWorkspaceFocusedSession}
-          onSplitSession={splitSession}
+          onSplitSession={splitSessionWithCurrentShell}
          isBroadcastEnabled={isBroadcastEnabled}
          onToggleBroadcast={toggleBroadcast}
          updateHosts={updateHosts}
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
 <h1 align="center">Netcatty</h1>

 <p align="center">
-  <strong>Modern SSH Client, SFTP Browser & Terminal Manager</strong><br/>
+  <strong>🔥 AI-Powered SSH Client, SFTP Browser & Terminal Manager 🚀</strong><br/>
  <a href="https://netcatty.app"><strong>netcatty.app</strong></a>
 </p>

 <p align="center">
  A beautiful, feature-rich SSH workspace built with Electron, React, and xterm.js.<br/>
-  Split terminals, Vault views, SFTP workflows, custom themes, and keyword highlighting — all in one.
+  🔥 Built-in AI Agent · Split terminals · Vault views · SFTP workflows · Custom themes — all in one.
 </p>

 <p align="center">
@@ -42,10 +42,52 @@

 [![Netcatty Main Interface](screenshots/main-window-dark.png)](screenshots/main-window-dark.png)

+---
+
+<a name="catty-agent"></a>
+# 🔥 Catty Agent — Your IT Ops AI Partner
+
+> 🚀 **Boost your IT ops daily work with AI power.** Catty Agent is the built-in AI assistant that understands your servers, executes commands, and handles complex multi-host operations — all through natural conversation.
+
+<p align="center">
+  <img src="screenshots/ai-feature.png" alt="Catty Agent Interface" width="800">
+</p>
+
+### 🔥 What can Catty Agent do?
+
+- 🚀 **Natural language server management** — just tell it what you need, no more memorizing commands
+- 🔥 **Real-time server diagnostics** — check status, inspect logs, monitor resources through conversation
+- 🚀 **Multi-host orchestration** — coordinate tasks across multiple servers simultaneously
+- 🔥 **Intelligent context awareness** — understands your server environment and provides tailored responses
+- 🚀 **One-click complex operations** — set up clusters, deploy services, and more with simple instructions
+
+### 🎬 AI in Action
+
+#### 🔥 Single Host — Intelligent Server Diagnostics
+
+Ask Catty Agent to check a server's health, and it runs the right commands, analyzes the output, and gives you a clear summary — all in seconds.
+
+
+https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/eecf08f1-80bd-49db-886d-b36e93388865
+
+
+
+
+#### 🚀 Multi-Host — Docker Swarm Cluster Setup
+
+Watch Catty Agent orchestrate a Docker Swarm cluster across two servers in one conversation. It handles the init, token exchange, and node joining — you just tell it what you want.
+
+
+
+https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/282027aa-5c9e-4bb1-b2c3-5eea9df2b203
+
+
+
 ---

 # Contents <!-- omit in toc -->

+- [🔥 Catty Agent — AI Partner](#catty-agent)
 - [What is Netcatty](#what-is-netcatty)
 - [Why Netcatty](#why-netcatty)
 - [Features](#features)
--- a/application/i18n/locales/en.ts
+++ b/application/i18n/locales/en.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ const en: Messages = {
  'common.save': 'Save',
  'common.cancel': 'Cancel',
  'common.close': 'Close',
+  'common.reset': 'Reset',
+  'common.zoomIn': 'Zoom in',
+  'common.zoomOut': 'Zoom out',
  'common.settings': 'Settings',
  'common.search': 'Search',
  'common.searchPlaceholder': 'Search...',
@@ -30,6 +33,7 @@ const en: Messages = {
  'common.back': 'Back',
  'common.apply': 'Apply',
  'common.use': 'Use',
+  'common.useGlobal': 'Use global',
  'common.saveChanges': 'Save Changes',
  'common.advanced': 'Advanced',
  'common.left': 'Left',
@@ -615,6 +619,7 @@ const en: Messages = {
  'sftp.transfers': 'Transfers',
  'sftp.transfers.active': '{count} active',
  'sftp.transfers.clearCompleted': 'Clear completed',
+  'sftp.transfers.calculatingTotal': 'Calculating total size...',
  'sftp.goUp': 'Go up',
  'sftp.goToTerminalCwd': 'Go to terminal directory',
  'sftp.encoding.label': 'Filename Encoding',
@@ -839,6 +844,29 @@ const en: Messages = {
  'hostDetails.section.credentials': 'Credentials',
  'hostDetails.section.portCredentials': 'Port & Credentials',
  'hostDetails.section.appearance': 'Appearance',
+  'hostDetails.distro.title': 'Linux Distribution',
+  'hostDetails.distro.desc': 'Auto-detect on connect, or override the distro icon manually.',
+  'hostDetails.distro.mode': 'Source',
+  'hostDetails.distro.mode.auto': 'Auto-detect',
+  'hostDetails.distro.mode.manual': 'Manual override',
+  'hostDetails.distro.detectedLabel': 'Current',
+  'hostDetails.distro.manualLabel': 'Override',
+  'hostDetails.distro.pending': 'Detect after first connection',
+  'hostDetails.distro.unknown': 'Unknown',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.linux': 'Generic Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.ubuntu': 'Ubuntu',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.debian': 'Debian',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.centos': 'CentOS',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.rocky': 'Rocky Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.fedora': 'Fedora',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.arch': 'Arch Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.alpine': 'Alpine',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.amazon': 'Amazon Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.opensuse': 'openSUSE / SLES',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.redhat': 'Red Hat / RHEL',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.almalinux': 'AlmaLinux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.oracle': 'Oracle Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.kali': 'Kali Linux',
  'hostDetails.section.mosh': 'Mosh',
  'hostDetails.username.placeholder': 'Username',
  'hostDetails.password.placeholder': 'Password',
@@ -1055,6 +1083,7 @@ const en: Messages = {
  'terminal.progress.disconnected': 'Disconnected',
  'terminal.progress.cancelling': 'Cancelling...',
  'terminal.progress.startOver': 'Start over',
+  'terminal.connection.dismissDisconnectedDialog': 'Dismiss disconnected notice',
  'terminal.connection.chainOf': 'Chain {current} of {total}',
  'terminal.connection.showLogs': 'Show logs',
  'terminal.connection.hideLogs': 'Hide logs',
@@ -1067,6 +1096,8 @@ const en: Messages = {
  'terminal.themeModal.tab.theme': 'Theme',
  'terminal.themeModal.tab.font': 'Font',
  'terminal.themeModal.tab.custom': 'Custom',
+  'terminal.themeModal.globalTheme': 'Global Theme',
+  'terminal.themeModal.globalFont': 'Global Font',
  'terminal.themeModal.fontSize': 'Font Size',
  'terminal.themeModal.livePreview': 'Live Preview',
  'terminal.themeModal.themeType': '{type} theme',
@@ -1555,7 +1586,7 @@ const en: Messages = {

  // AI Claude Code
  'ai.claude.title': 'Claude Code',
-  'ai.claude.description': "Anthropic's agentic coding assistant. Uses claude-code-acp for ACP protocol streaming.",
+  'ai.claude.description': "Anthropic's agentic coding assistant. Uses claude-agent-acp for ACP protocol streaming.",
  'ai.claude.detecting': 'Detecting...',
  'ai.claude.detected': 'Detected',
  'ai.claude.notFound': 'Not found',
@@ -1572,7 +1603,6 @@ const en: Messages = {
  // AI Chat
  'ai.chat.noProvider': 'No AI provider is configured. Go to **Settings → AI → Providers** to add and enable a provider.',
  'ai.chat.toolDenied': 'Action was rejected by the user.',
-  'ai.chat.toolApprovalTitle': 'Permission Required',
  'ai.chat.toolApproved': 'Approved',
  'ai.chat.toolApprovalHint': 'Press Enter to approve, Escape to reject',
  'ai.chat.approve': 'Approve',
--- a/application/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
+++ b/application/i18n/locales/zh-CN.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  'common.save': '保存',
  'common.cancel': '取消',
  'common.close': '关闭',
+  'common.reset': '重置',
+  'common.zoomIn': '放大',
+  'common.zoomOut': '缩小',
  'common.settings': '设置',
  'common.search': '搜索',
  'common.connect': '连接',
@@ -20,6 +23,7 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  'common.back': '返回',
  'common.apply': '应用',
  'common.use': '使用',
+  'common.useGlobal': '跟随全局',
  'common.left': '左侧',
  'common.right': '右侧',
  'common.more': '更多',
@@ -442,6 +446,7 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  'sftp.transfers': '传输',
  'sftp.transfers.active': '{count} 个进行中',
  'sftp.transfers.clearCompleted': '清除已完成',
+  'sftp.transfers.calculatingTotal': '正在统计总大小...',
  'sftp.goUp': '上一级',
  'sftp.goToTerminalCwd': '定位到终端当前目录',
  'sftp.encoding.label': '文件名编码',
@@ -531,6 +536,29 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  'hostDetails.section.credentials': '凭据',
  'hostDetails.section.portCredentials': '端口与凭据',
  'hostDetails.section.appearance': '外观',
+  'hostDetails.distro.title': 'Linux 发行版',
+  'hostDetails.distro.desc': '可在连接后自动探测，也可以手动覆盖图标所用的发行版。',
+  'hostDetails.distro.mode': '来源',
+  'hostDetails.distro.mode.auto': '自动探测',
+  'hostDetails.distro.mode.manual': '手动覆盖',
+  'hostDetails.distro.detectedLabel': '当前值',
+  'hostDetails.distro.manualLabel': '手动指定',
+  'hostDetails.distro.pending': '首次连接后自动探测',
+  'hostDetails.distro.unknown': '未知',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.linux': '通用 Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.ubuntu': 'Ubuntu',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.debian': 'Debian',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.centos': 'CentOS',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.rocky': 'Rocky Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.fedora': 'Fedora',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.arch': 'Arch Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.alpine': 'Alpine',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.amazon': 'Amazon Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.opensuse': 'openSUSE / SLES',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.redhat': 'Red Hat / RHEL',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.almalinux': 'AlmaLinux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.oracle': 'Oracle Linux',
+  'hostDetails.distro.option.kali': 'Kali Linux',
  'hostDetails.section.mosh': 'Mosh',
  'hostDetails.username.placeholder': '用户名',
  'hostDetails.password.placeholder': '密码',
@@ -719,6 +747,7 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  'terminal.progress.disconnected': '已断开',
  'terminal.progress.cancelling': '正在取消...',
  'terminal.progress.startOver': '重新开始',
+  'terminal.connection.dismissDisconnectedDialog': '关闭断连提示',
  'terminal.connection.chainOf': 'Chain {current} / {total}',
  'terminal.connection.showLogs': '显示日志',
  'terminal.connection.hideLogs': '隐藏日志',
@@ -731,6 +760,8 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  'terminal.themeModal.tab.theme': '主题',
  'terminal.themeModal.tab.font': '字体',
  'terminal.themeModal.tab.custom': '自定义',
+  'terminal.themeModal.globalTheme': '全局主题',
+  'terminal.themeModal.globalFont': '全局字体',
  'terminal.themeModal.fontSize': '字体大小',
  'terminal.themeModal.livePreview': '实时预览',
  'terminal.themeModal.themeType': '{type} 主题',
@@ -1570,7 +1601,7 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {

  // AI Claude Code
  'ai.claude.title': 'Claude Code',
-  'ai.claude.description': 'Anthropic 的智能编程助手。使用 claude-code-acp 进行 ACP 协议流式传输。',
+  'ai.claude.description': 'Anthropic 的智能编程助手。使用 claude-agent-acp 进行 ACP 协议流式传输。',
  'ai.claude.detecting': '检测中...',
  'ai.claude.detected': '已检测到',
  'ai.claude.notFound': '未找到',
@@ -1587,7 +1618,6 @@ const zhCN: Messages = {
  // AI Chat
  'ai.chat.noProvider': '尚未配置 AI 提供商。请前往 **设置 → AI → 提供商** 添加并启用一个提供商。',
  'ai.chat.toolDenied': '操作已被用户拒绝。',
-  'ai.chat.toolApprovalTitle': '需要权限确认',
  'ai.chat.toolApproved': '已批准',
  'ai.chat.toolApprovalHint': '按回车批准，按 Esc 拒绝',
  'ai.chat.approve': '批准',
--- a/application/state/useSessionState.ts
+++ b/application/state/useSessionState.ts
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
  // Log views: stores open log replay tabs
  const [logViews, setLogViews] = useState<LogView[]>([]);

-  const createLocalTerminal = useCallback(() => {
+  const createLocalTerminal = useCallback((options?: {
+    shellType?: TerminalSession['shellType'];
+  }) => {
    const sessionId = crypto.randomUUID();
    const localHostId = `local-${sessionId}`;
    const newSession: TerminalSession = {
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
      hostname: 'localhost',
      username: 'local',
      status: 'connecting',
+      protocol: 'local',
+      shellType: options?.shellType,
    };
    setSessions(prev => [...prev, newSession]);
    setActiveTabId(sessionId);
@@ -414,11 +418,17 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
  // direction: 'horizontal' = split top/bottom, 'vertical' = split left/right
  const splitSession = useCallback((
    sessionId: string,
-    direction: SplitDirection
+    direction: SplitDirection,
+    options?: {
+      localShellType?: TerminalSession['shellType'];
+    },
  ) => {
 	    setSessions(prevSessions => {
      const session = prevSessions.find(s => s.id === sessionId);
      if (!session) return prevSessions;
+      const nextShellType = session.protocol === 'local'
+        ? options?.localShellType
+        : session.shellType;
      
      // If session is already in a workspace, split within that workspace
      if (session.workspaceId) {
@@ -434,6 +444,7 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
          protocol: session.protocol,
          port: session.port,
          moshEnabled: session.moshEnabled,
+          shellType: nextShellType,
        };
        
        // Add pane to existing workspace
@@ -464,6 +475,7 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
        protocol: session.protocol,
        port: session.port,
        moshEnabled: session.moshEnabled,
+        shellType: nextShellType,
      };
      
      const hint: SplitHint = {
@@ -615,10 +627,15 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
  }, [setActiveTabId]);

  // Copy a session - creates a new session with the same host connection
-  const copySession = useCallback((sessionId: string) => {
+  const copySession = useCallback((sessionId: string, options?: {
+    localShellType?: TerminalSession['shellType'];
+  }) => {
    setSessions(prevSessions => {
      const session = prevSessions.find(s => s.id === sessionId);
      if (!session) return prevSessions;
+      const nextShellType = session.protocol === 'local'
+        ? options?.localShellType
+        : session.shellType;

      // Create a new session with the same connection info
      const newSession: TerminalSession = {
@@ -631,6 +648,7 @@ export const useSessionState = () => {
        protocol: session.protocol,
        port: session.port,
        moshEnabled: session.moshEnabled,
+        shellType: nextShellType,
        serialConfig: session.serialConfig,
      };

--- a/application/state/useSftpBackend.ts
+++ b/application/state/useSftpBackend.ts
@@ -197,6 +197,12 @@ export const useSftpBackend = () => {
    return bridge.showSaveDialog(defaultPath, filters);
  }, []);

+  const selectDirectory = async (title?: string, defaultPath?: string) => {
+    const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
+    if (!bridge?.selectDirectory) return null;
+    return bridge.selectDirectory(title, defaultPath);
+  };
+
  const downloadSftpToTempAndOpen = useCallback(async (
    sftpId: string,
    remotePath: string,
@@ -278,6 +284,7 @@ export const useSftpBackend = () => {
    onTransferProgress,
    selectApplication,
    showSaveDialog,
+    selectDirectory,
    downloadSftpToTempAndOpen,
  };
 };
--- a/components/AIChatSidePanel.tsx
+++ b/components/AIChatSidePanel.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 *
 * Core logic is decomposed into focused hooks:
 * - useAIChatStreaming: stream processing, abort management, agent sub-flows
- * - useToolApproval: tool approval workflow, timeouts, resume logic
 * - useConversationExport: export formats & object URL lifecycle
 */

@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ import ChatInput from './ai/ChatInput';
 import ChatMessageList from './ai/ChatMessageList';
 import ConversationExport from './ai/ConversationExport';
 import { useAIChatStreaming, getNetcattyBridge } from './ai/hooks/useAIChatStreaming';
-import { useToolApproval } from './ai/hooks/useToolApproval';
+import { clearAllPendingApprovals } from '../infrastructure/ai/shared/approvalGate';
 import { useConversationExport } from './ai/hooks/useConversationExport';
 import type { ExecutorContext } from '../infrastructure/ai/cattyAgent/executor';

@@ -102,6 +101,8 @@ interface AIChatSidePanelProps {
    label: string;
    os?: string;
    username?: string;
+    protocol?: string;
+    shellType?: string;
    connected: boolean;
  }>;
  resolveExecutorContext?: (scope: {
@@ -214,7 +215,6 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
    streamingSessionIds,
    setStreamingForScope,
    abortControllersRef,
-    processCattyStream,
    sendToCattyAgent,
    sendToExternalAgent,
    reportStreamError,
@@ -225,20 +225,6 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
    updateMessageById,
  });

-  // ── Tool approval hook ──
-  const {
-    pendingApprovalContextRef,
-    setPendingApproval,
-    handleApprovalResponse,
-  } = useToolApproval({
-    addMessageToSession,
-    updateLastMessage,
-    updateMessageById,
-    setStreamingForScope,
-    abortControllersRef,
-    processCattyStream,
-    t,
-  });

  // Per-scope active session ID
  const activeSessionId = activeSessionIdMap[scopeKey] ?? null;
@@ -260,7 +246,7 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
  // Proactively sync terminal session metadata to main process whenever scope or sessions change
  useEffect(() => {
    const bridge = getNetcattyBridge();
-    if (bridge?.aiMcpUpdateSessions && terminalSessions.length > 0) {
+    if (bridge?.aiMcpUpdateSessions) {
      void bridge.aiMcpUpdateSessions(terminalSessions, activeSessionId ?? undefined);
    }
  }, [terminalSessions, scopeKey, activeSessionId]);
@@ -530,7 +516,6 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
        terminalSessions,
        webSearchConfig,
        getExecutorContext: () => buildExecutorContextForScope(toolScope),
-        setPendingApproval,
        autoTitleSession,
      }, attachments.length > 0 ? attachments : undefined);
    }
@@ -541,7 +526,7 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
    setStreamingForScope, setInputValue, clearFiles,
    sendToExternalAgent, sendToCattyAgent, reportStreamError, autoTitleSession, t,
    abortControllersRef, terminalSessions, providers, selectedAgentModel, updateSessionExternalSessionId,
-    scopeType, scopeTargetId, scopeLabel, globalPermissionMode, commandBlocklist, webSearchConfig, buildExecutorContextForScope, setPendingApproval,
+    scopeType, scopeTargetId, scopeLabel, globalPermissionMode, commandBlocklist, webSearchConfig, buildExecutorContextForScope,
  ]);

  const handleStop = useCallback(() => {
@@ -556,11 +541,9 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
      statusText: '',
      executionStatus: msg.executionStatus === 'running' ? 'cancelled' : msg.executionStatus,
    }));
-    // Also clear any pending approval (clears timeout too via setPendingApproval)
-    if (pendingApprovalContextRef.current?.sessionId === activeSessionId) {
-      setPendingApproval(null);
-    }
-  }, [activeSessionId, setStreamingForScope, updateLastMessage, setPendingApproval, abortControllersRef, pendingApprovalContextRef]);
+    // Clear pending approvals for this session (so tool execute functions don't hang)
+    clearAllPendingApprovals(activeSessionId);
+  }, [activeSessionId, setStreamingForScope, updateLastMessage, abortControllersRef]);

  const handleSelectSession = useCallback(
    (sessionId: string) => {
@@ -653,16 +636,7 @@ const AIChatSidePanelInner: React.FC<AIChatSidePanelProps> = ({
          <ChatMessageList
            messages={messages}
            isStreaming={isStreaming}
-            onApprove={(messageId) => void handleApprovalResponse(messageId, true, {
-              globalPermissionMode,
-              commandBlocklist,
-              webSearchConfig,
-            })}
-            onReject={(messageId) => void handleApprovalResponse(messageId, false, {
-              globalPermissionMode,
-              commandBlocklist,
-              webSearchConfig,
-            })}
+            activeSessionId={activeSessionId}
          />

          {/* Recent sessions (Zed-style, shown when no messages) */}
--- a/components/DistroAvatar.tsx
+++ b/components/DistroAvatar.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Server, Usb } from "lucide-react";
 import React, { memo } from "react";
-import { normalizeDistroId } from "../domain/host";
+import { getEffectiveHostDistro } from "../domain/host";
 import { cn } from "../lib/utils";
 import { Host } from "../types";

@@ -58,8 +58,7 @@ const DistroAvatarInner: React.FC<DistroAvatarProps> = ({
  className,
  size = "md",
 }) => {
-  const distro =
-    normalizeDistroId(host.distro) || (host.distro || "").toLowerCase();
+  const distro = getEffectiveHostDistro(host);
  const logo = DISTRO_LOGOS[distro];
  const [errored, setErrored] = React.useState(false);
  const bg = DISTRO_COLORS[distro] || DISTRO_COLORS.default;
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ const DistroAvatarInner: React.FC<DistroAvatarProps> = ({
      >
        <img
          src={logo}
-          alt={host.distro || host.os}
+          alt={distro || host.os}
          className={cn("object-contain invert brightness-0", iconSize)}
          onError={() => setErrored(true)}
        />
--- a/components/HostDetailsPanel.tsx
+++ b/components/HostDetailsPanel.tsx
@@ -28,10 +28,20 @@ import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState, useCallback } from "react";
 import { useI18n } from "../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
 import { useApplicationBackend } from "../application/state/useApplicationBackend";
 import { useSettingsState } from "../application/state/useSettingsState";
+import { getEffectiveHostDistro, LINUX_DISTRO_OPTIONS } from "../domain/host";
 import { customThemeStore } from "../application/state/customThemeStore";
+import {
+  clearHostFontSizeOverride,
+  clearHostThemeOverride,
+  hasHostFontSizeOverride,
+  hasHostThemeOverride,
+  resolveHostTerminalFontSize,
+  resolveHostTerminalThemeId,
+} from "../domain/terminalAppearance";
 import { MIN_FONT_SIZE, MAX_FONT_SIZE } from "../infrastructure/config/fonts";
 import { cn } from "../lib/utils";
 import { EnvVar, Host, Identity, ManagedSource, ProxyConfig, SSHKey } from "../types";
+import { DISTRO_COLORS, DISTRO_LOGOS } from "./DistroAvatar";
 import { DistroAvatar } from "./DistroAvatar";
 import ThemeSelectPanel from "./ThemeSelectPanel";
 import {
@@ -69,6 +79,8 @@ type SubPanel =
  | "theme-select"
  | "telnet-theme-select";

+const LINUX_DISTRO_OPTION_IDS = [...LINUX_DISTRO_OPTIONS];
+
 interface HostDetailsPanelProps {
  initialData?: Host | null;
  availableKeys: SSHKey[];
@@ -117,6 +129,7 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
        charset: "UTF-8",
        theme: terminalThemeId,
        fontSize: terminalFontSize,
+        distroMode: "auto",
        createdAt: Date.now(),
        group: defaultGroup || undefined, // Pre-fill with current navigation group
      } as Host),
@@ -179,6 +192,56 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
    setForm((prev) => ({ ...prev, [key]: value }));
  };

+  const effectiveThemeId = useMemo(
+    () => resolveHostTerminalThemeId(form, terminalThemeId),
+    [form, terminalThemeId],
+  );
+  const effectiveFontSize = useMemo(
+    () => resolveHostTerminalFontSize(form, terminalFontSize),
+    [form, terminalFontSize],
+  );
+  const hasEffectiveThemeOverride = useMemo(
+    () => hasHostThemeOverride(form),
+    [form],
+  );
+  const hasEffectiveFontSizeOverride = useMemo(
+    () => hasHostFontSizeOverride(form),
+    [form],
+  );
+  const effectiveTelnetThemeId =
+    form.protocols?.find((p) => p.protocol === "telnet")?.theme || effectiveThemeId;
+  const distroOptions = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      LINUX_DISTRO_OPTION_IDS.map((value) => ({
+        value,
+        label: t(`hostDetails.distro.option.${value}`),
+        icon: DISTRO_LOGOS[value],
+        bgClass: DISTRO_COLORS[value] || DISTRO_COLORS.default,
+      })),
+    [t],
+  );
+
+  const getDistroOptionLabel = useCallback(
+    (value?: string) =>
+      distroOptions.find((option) => option.value === value)?.label ||
+      value ||
+      t("hostDetails.distro.pending"),
+    [distroOptions, t],
+  );
+
+  const effectiveFormDistro = getEffectiveHostDistro(form);
+
+  const handleDistroModeChange = useCallback((mode: "auto" | "manual") => {
+    setForm((prev) => ({
+      ...prev,
+      distroMode: mode,
+      manualDistro:
+        mode === "manual"
+          ? prev.manualDistro || getEffectiveHostDistro(prev) || "linux"
+          : prev.manualDistro,
+    }));
+  }, []);
+
  const updateProxyConfig = useCallback(
    (field: keyof ProxyConfig, value: string | number) => {
      setForm((prev) => ({
@@ -298,6 +361,27 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
      password: form.savePassword === false ? undefined : form.password,
      managedSourceId: finalManagedSourceId,
    };
+    const preserveLegacyTheme = initialData?.theme != null && cleaned.themeOverride !== false;
+    const preserveLegacyFontFamily = initialData?.fontFamily != null && cleaned.fontFamilyOverride !== false;
+    const preserveLegacyFontSize = initialData?.fontSize != null && cleaned.fontSizeOverride !== false;
+
+    if (cleaned.themeOverride === false) {
+      delete cleaned.theme;
+    } else if (preserveLegacyTheme && cleaned.theme == null) {
+      cleaned.theme = initialData?.theme;
+    }
+
+    if (cleaned.fontFamilyOverride === false) {
+      delete cleaned.fontFamily;
+    } else if (preserveLegacyFontFamily && cleaned.fontFamily == null) {
+      cleaned.fontFamily = initialData?.fontFamily;
+    }
+
+    if (cleaned.fontSizeOverride === false) {
+      delete cleaned.fontSize;
+    } else if (preserveLegacyFontSize && cleaned.fontSize == null) {
+      cleaned.fontSize = initialData?.fontSize;
+    }
    onSave(cleaned);
  };

@@ -478,9 +562,9 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
    return (
      <ThemeSelectPanel
        open={true}
-        selectedThemeId={form.theme || "flexoki-dark"}
+        selectedThemeId={effectiveThemeId}
        onSelect={(themeId) => {
-          update("theme", themeId);
+          setForm((prev) => ({ ...prev, theme: themeId, themeOverride: true }));
          setActiveSubPanel("none");
        }}
        onClose={onCancel}
@@ -495,11 +579,7 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
    return (
      <ThemeSelectPanel
        open={true}
-        selectedThemeId={
-          form.protocols?.find((p) => p.protocol === "telnet")?.theme ||
-          form.theme ||
-          "flexoki-dark"
-        }
+        selectedThemeId={effectiveTelnetThemeId}
        onSelect={(themeId) => {
          // Update telnet protocol theme
          const telnetConfig = form.protocols?.find(
@@ -1103,6 +1183,113 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
            </p>
          </div>

+          {form.os === "linux" && (
+            <div className="space-y-2 rounded-lg border border-border/70 bg-secondary/30 p-3">
+              <div className="flex items-start gap-2">
+                <Globe size={14} className="mt-0.5 text-muted-foreground" />
+                <div className="space-y-0.5">
+                  <p className="text-xs font-semibold">{t("hostDetails.distro.title")}</p>
+                  <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("hostDetails.distro.desc")}</p>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+
+              <div className="grid gap-2 md:grid-cols-2">
+                <div className="space-y-1">
+                  <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("hostDetails.distro.mode")}</span>
+                  <Select
+                    value={form.distroMode || "auto"}
+                    onValueChange={(val) => handleDistroModeChange(val as "auto" | "manual")}
+                  >
+                    <SelectTrigger className="h-8" aria-label={t("hostDetails.distro.mode")}>
+                      <span className="truncate whitespace-nowrap pr-2 text-left">
+                        {form.distroMode === "manual"
+                          ? t("hostDetails.distro.mode.manual")
+                          : t("hostDetails.distro.mode.auto")}
+                      </span>
+                    </SelectTrigger>
+                    <SelectContent>
+                      <SelectItem value="auto">{t("hostDetails.distro.mode.auto")}</SelectItem>
+                      <SelectItem value="manual">{t("hostDetails.distro.mode.manual")}</SelectItem>
+                    </SelectContent>
+                  </Select>
+                </div>
+
+                {form.distroMode === "manual" ? (
+                  <div className="space-y-1">
+                    <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("hostDetails.distro.manualLabel")}</span>
+                    <Select
+                      value={form.manualDistro}
+                      onValueChange={(val) => update("manualDistro", val)}
+                    >
+                      <SelectTrigger className="h-8" aria-label={t("hostDetails.distro.manualLabel")}>
+                        {(() => {
+                          const selectedOption = distroOptions.find((option) => option.value === form.manualDistro);
+                          return selectedOption ? (
+                            <div className="flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2 pr-2">
+                              <div
+                                className={cn(
+                                  "flex h-4 w-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-[2px]",
+                                  selectedOption.bgClass,
+                                )}
+                              >
+                                {selectedOption.icon ? (
+                                  <img
+                                    src={selectedOption.icon}
+                                    alt={selectedOption.label}
+                                    className="h-3 w-3 object-contain invert brightness-0"
+                                  />
+                                ) : (
+                                  <div className="h-2 w-2 rounded-full bg-white/70" />
+                                )}
+                              </div>
+                              <span className="truncate whitespace-nowrap">{selectedOption.label}</span>
+                            </div>
+                          ) : (
+                            <SelectValue placeholder={t("hostDetails.distro.unknown")} />
+                          );
+                        })()}
+                      </SelectTrigger>
+                      <SelectContent className="min-w-[14rem]">
+                        {distroOptions.map((option) => (
+                          <SelectItem key={option.value} value={option.value}>
+                            <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                              <div
+                                className={cn(
+                                  "flex h-4 w-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-[2px]",
+                                  option.bgClass,
+                                )}
+                              >
+                                {option.icon ? (
+                                  <img
+                                    src={option.icon}
+                                    alt={option.label}
+                                    className="h-3 w-3 object-contain invert brightness-0"
+                                  />
+                                ) : (
+                                  <div className="h-2 w-2 rounded-full bg-white/70" />
+                                )}
+                              </div>
+                              <span className="whitespace-nowrap">{option.label}</span>
+                            </div>
+                          </SelectItem>
+                        ))}
+                      </SelectContent>
+                    </Select>
+                  </div>
+                ) : (
+                  <div className="space-y-1">
+                    <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{t("hostDetails.distro.detectedLabel")}</span>
+                    <div className="flex h-8 items-center rounded-md border border-border/60 bg-background/50 px-3 text-sm">
+                      {effectiveFormDistro
+                        ? getDistroOptionLabel(effectiveFormDistro)
+                        : t("hostDetails.distro.unknown")}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          )}
+
          {/* SSH Theme Selection */}
          <button
            type="button"
@@ -1113,15 +1300,15 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
              className="w-12 h-8 rounded-md border border-border/60 flex items-center justify-center text-[6px] font-mono overflow-hidden"
              style={{
                backgroundColor:
-                  customThemeStore.getThemeById(form.theme || "flexoki-dark")?.colors.background || "#100F0F",
+                  customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveThemeId)?.colors.background || "#100F0F",
                color:
-                  customThemeStore.getThemeById(form.theme || "flexoki-dark")?.colors.foreground || "#CECDC3",
+                  customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveThemeId)?.colors.foreground || "#CECDC3",
              }}
            >
              <div className="p-0.5">
                <div
                  style={{
-                    color: customThemeStore.getThemeById(form.theme || "flexoki-dark")?.colors.green,
+                    color: customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveThemeId)?.colors.green,
                  }}
                >
                  $
@@ -1129,9 +1316,19 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
              </div>
            </div>
            <span className="text-sm flex-1">
-              {customThemeStore.getThemeById(form.theme || "flexoki-dark")?.name || "Flexoki Dark"}
+              {customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveThemeId)?.name || "Flexoki Dark"}
            </span>
          </button>
+          {hasEffectiveThemeOverride && (
+            <Button
+              variant="ghost"
+              size="sm"
+              className="w-full justify-start text-primary"
+              onClick={() => setForm((prev) => clearHostThemeOverride(prev))}
+            >
+              {t("common.useGlobal")}
+            </Button>
+          )}

          {/* Font Size */}
          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
@@ -1140,11 +1337,15 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
              variant="outline"
              size="sm"
              onClick={() => {
-                if ((form.fontSize || 14) > MIN_FONT_SIZE) {
-                  update("fontSize", (form.fontSize || 14) - 1);
+                if (effectiveFontSize > MIN_FONT_SIZE) {
+                  setForm((prev) => ({
+                    ...prev,
+                    fontSize: effectiveFontSize - 1,
+                    fontSizeOverride: true,
+                  }));
                }
              }}
-              disabled={(form.fontSize || 14) <= MIN_FONT_SIZE}
+              disabled={effectiveFontSize <= MIN_FONT_SIZE}
              className="px-2 h-8"
            >
              -
@@ -1153,25 +1354,43 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
              type="number"
              min={MIN_FONT_SIZE}
              max={MAX_FONT_SIZE}
-              value={form.fontSize || 14}
+              value={effectiveFontSize}
              onChange={(e) => {
                const val = parseInt(e.target.value);
                if (val >= MIN_FONT_SIZE && val <= MAX_FONT_SIZE) {
-                  update("fontSize", val);
+                  setForm((prev) => ({
+                    ...prev,
+                    fontSize: val,
+                    fontSizeOverride: true,
+                  }));
                }
              }}
              className="w-16 text-center h-8"
            />
            <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">pt</span>
+            {hasEffectiveFontSizeOverride && (
+              <Button
+                variant="ghost"
+                size="sm"
+                className="ml-auto h-8 text-primary"
+                onClick={() => setForm((prev) => clearHostFontSizeOverride(prev))}
+              >
+                {t("common.useGlobal")}
+              </Button>
+            )}
            <Button
              variant="outline"
              size="sm"
              onClick={() => {
-                if ((form.fontSize || 14) < MAX_FONT_SIZE) {
-                  update("fontSize", (form.fontSize || 14) + 1);
+                if (effectiveFontSize < MAX_FONT_SIZE) {
+                  setForm((prev) => ({
+                    ...prev,
+                    fontSize: effectiveFontSize + 1,
+                    fontSizeOverride: true,
+                  }));
                }
              }}
-              disabled={(form.fontSize || 14) >= MAX_FONT_SIZE}
+              disabled={effectiveFontSize >= MAX_FONT_SIZE}
              className="px-2 h-8"
            >
              +
@@ -1494,21 +1713,15 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
                className="w-12 h-8 rounded-md border border-border/60 flex items-center justify-center text-[6px] font-mono overflow-hidden"
                style={{
                  backgroundColor:
-                    customThemeStore.getThemeById(
-                      form.protocols?.find((p) => p.protocol === "telnet")?.theme || form.theme || "flexoki-dark"
-                    )?.colors.background || "#100F0F",
+                    customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveTelnetThemeId)?.colors.background || "#100F0F",
                  color:
-                    customThemeStore.getThemeById(
-                      form.protocols?.find((p) => p.protocol === "telnet")?.theme || form.theme || "flexoki-dark"
-                    )?.colors.foreground || "#CECDC3",
+                    customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveTelnetThemeId)?.colors.foreground || "#CECDC3",
                }}
              >
                <div className="p-0.5">
                  <div
                    style={{
-                      color: customThemeStore.getThemeById(
-                        form.protocols?.find((p) => p.protocol === "telnet")?.theme || form.theme || "flexoki-dark"
-                      )?.colors.green,
+                      color: customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveTelnetThemeId)?.colors.green,
                    }}
                  >
                    $
@@ -1516,9 +1729,7 @@ const HostDetailsPanel: React.FC<HostDetailsPanelProps> = ({
                </div>
              </div>
              <span className="text-sm flex-1">
-                {customThemeStore.getThemeById(
-                  form.protocols?.find((p) => p.protocol === "telnet")?.theme || form.theme || "flexoki-dark"
-                )?.name || "Flexoki Dark"}
+                {customThemeStore.getThemeById(effectiveTelnetThemeId)?.name || "Flexoki Dark"}
              </span>
            </button>
          </Card>
--- a/components/SFTPModal.tsx
+++ b/components/SFTPModal.tsx
@@ -1,817 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { useI18n } from "../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
-import { useSftpBackend } from "../application/state/useSftpBackend";
-import { useSftpFileAssociations } from "../application/state/useSftpFileAssociations";
-import { useSettingsState } from "../application/state/useSettingsState";
-import { useSftpModalTransfers } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalTransfers";
-import { Host, RemoteFile, SftpFilenameEncoding } from "../types";
-import { filterHiddenFiles } from "./sftp";
-import { DropEntry } from "../lib/sftpFileUtils";
-import FileOpenerDialog from "./FileOpenerDialog";
-import TextEditorModal from "./TextEditorModal";
-import { SftpModalFileList } from "./sftp-modal/SftpModalFileList";
-import { SftpModalDialogs } from "./sftp-modal/SftpModalDialogs";
-import { SftpModalFooter } from "./sftp-modal/SftpModalFooter";
-import { SftpModalHeader } from "./sftp-modal/SftpModalHeader";
-import { SftpModalUploadTasks } from "./sftp-modal/SftpModalUploadTasks";
-import { formatBytes, formatDate } from "./sftp-modal/utils";
-import { useSftpModalSorting } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSorting";
-import { useSftpModalVirtualList } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalVirtualList";
-import { useSftpModalPath } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalPath";
-import { useSftpModalSelection } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSelection";
-import { useSftpModalSession } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSession";
-import { useSftpModalFileActions } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalFileActions";
-import { useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts } from "./sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts";
-import { joinPath, isRootPath, getParentPath } from "./sftp-modal/pathUtils";
-import { toast } from "./ui/toast";
-
-interface SFTPModalProps {
-  host: Host;
-  credentials: {
-    username?: string;
-    hostname: string;
-    port?: number;
-    password?: string;
-    privateKey?: string;
-    certificate?: string;
-    passphrase?: string;
-    publicKey?: string;
-    keyId?: string;
-    keySource?: 'generated' | 'imported';
-    proxy?: NetcattyProxyConfig;
-    jumpHosts?: NetcattyJumpHost[];
-    sftpSudo?: boolean;
-    legacyAlgorithms?: boolean;
-  };
-  open: boolean;
-  onClose: () => void;
-  /** Initial path to open in SFTP. If not accessible, falls back to home directory. */
-  initialPath?: string;
-  /** Initial entries to upload when SFTP modal opens. Used for drag-and-drop to terminal. */
-  initialEntriesToUpload?: DropEntry[];
-  /** Callback to update the host (e.g. for bookmark persistence). */
-  onUpdateHost?: (host: Host) => void;
-}
-
-const SFTPModal: React.FC<SFTPModalProps> = ({
-  host,
-  credentials,
-  open,
-  onClose,
-  initialPath,
-  initialEntriesToUpload,
-  onUpdateHost,
-}) => {
-  const {
-    openSftp,
-    closeSftp: closeSftpBackend,
-    listSftp,
-    readSftp,
-    writeSftpBinaryWithProgress,
-    writeSftpBinary,
-    writeSftp,
-    deleteSftp,
-    mkdirSftp,
-    renameSftp,
-    chmodSftp,
-    statSftp,
-    listLocalDir,
-    readLocalFile,
-    writeLocalFile,
-    deleteLocalFile,
-    mkdirLocal,
-    getHomeDir,
-    selectApplication,
-    downloadSftpToTempAndOpen,
-    cancelSftpUpload,
-    startStreamTransfer,
-    cancelTransfer,
-    showSaveDialog,
-  } = useSftpBackend();
-  const { t } = useI18n();
-  const {
-    sftpAutoSync,
-    sftpShowHiddenFiles,
-    setSftpShowHiddenFiles,
-    sftpUseCompressedUpload,
-    hotkeyScheme,
-    keyBindings,
-    editorWordWrap,
-    setEditorWordWrap,
-  } = useSettingsState();
-  const isLocalSession = host.protocol === "local";
-  const [filenameEncoding, setFilenameEncoding] = useState<SftpFilenameEncoding>(
-    host.sftpEncoding ?? "auto"
-  );
-  const [selectedFiles, setSelectedFiles] = useState<Set<string>>(new Set());
-  const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
-  const folderInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
-  const navigatingRef = useRef(false);
-  const clearSelection = useCallback(() => setSelectedFiles(new Set()), []);
-
-  // Update filenameEncoding when host changes
-  useEffect(() => {
-    setFilenameEncoding(host.sftpEncoding ?? "auto");
-  }, [host.id, host.sftpEncoding]);
-
-  const listSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string) => listSftp(sftpId, path, filenameEncoding),
-    [listSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const readSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string) => readSftp(sftpId, path, filenameEncoding),
-    [readSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const writeSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string, data: string) =>
-      writeSftp(sftpId, path, data, filenameEncoding),
-    [writeSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const writeSftpBinaryWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string, data: ArrayBuffer) =>
-      writeSftpBinary(sftpId, path, data, filenameEncoding),
-    [writeSftpBinary, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const writeSftpBinaryWithProgressWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (
-      sftpId: string,
-      path: string,
-      data: ArrayBuffer,
-      transferId: string,
-      onProgress?: (transferred: number, total: number, speed: number) => void,
-      onComplete?: () => void,
-      onError?: (error: string) => void,
-    ) =>
-      writeSftpBinaryWithProgress(
-        sftpId,
-        path,
-        data,
-        transferId,
-        filenameEncoding,
-        onProgress,
-        onComplete,
-        onError,
-      ),
-    [writeSftpBinaryWithProgress, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const deleteSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string) => deleteSftp(sftpId, path, filenameEncoding),
-    [deleteSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const mkdirSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string) => mkdirSftp(sftpId, path, filenameEncoding),
-    [mkdirSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const renameSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, oldPath: string, newPath: string) =>
-      renameSftp(sftpId, oldPath, newPath, filenameEncoding),
-    [renameSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const chmodSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string, mode: string) =>
-      chmodSftp(sftpId, path, mode, filenameEncoding),
-    [chmodSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const statSftpWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (sftpId: string, path: string) => statSftp(sftpId, path, filenameEncoding),
-    [statSftp, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const downloadSftpToTempAndOpenWithEncoding = useCallback(
-    (
-      sftpId: string,
-      remotePath: string,
-      fileName: string,
-      appPath: string,
-      options?: { enableWatch?: boolean },
-    ) =>
-      downloadSftpToTempAndOpen(sftpId, remotePath, fileName, appPath, {
-        ...options,
-        encoding: filenameEncoding,
-      }),
-    [downloadSftpToTempAndOpen, filenameEncoding],
-  );
-
-  const {
-    currentPath,
-    setCurrentPath,
-    currentPathRef,
-    files,
-    loading,
-    setLoading,
-    reconnecting,
-    sessionVersion,
-    ensureSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    closeSftpSession,
-    localHomeRef,
-  } = useSftpModalSession({
-    open,
-    host,
-    credentials,
-    initialPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    t,
-    openSftp,
-    closeSftp: closeSftpBackend,
-    listSftp: listSftpWithEncoding,
-    listLocalDir,
-    getHomeDir,
-    onClearSelection: clearSelection,
-  });
-
-  // Track previous encoding to detect changes
-  const prevEncodingRef = useRef(filenameEncoding);
-
-  // Force reload only when filenameEncoding changes (not on every path change)
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (!open || isLocalSession) return;
-    // Only force reload if encoding actually changed
-    if (prevEncodingRef.current !== filenameEncoding) {
-      prevEncodingRef.current = filenameEncoding;
-      loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-    }
-  }, [currentPath, filenameEncoding, isLocalSession, loadFiles, open]);
-
-  const { getOpenerForFile, setOpenerForExtension } = useSftpFileAssociations();
-
-  const { sortField, sortOrder, columnWidths, handleSort, handleResizeStart } =
-    useSftpModalSorting();
-
-  const joinPathForSession = useCallback(
-    (base: string, name: string) => joinPath(base, name, isLocalSession),
-    [isLocalSession],
-  );
-  const isRootPathForSession = useCallback(
-    (path: string) => isRootPath(path, isLocalSession),
-    [isLocalSession],
-  );
-  const getParentPathForSession = useCallback(
-    (path: string) => getParentPath(path, isLocalSession),
-    [isLocalSession],
-  );
-
-  const handleNavigate = useCallback((path: string) => {
-    // Prevent double navigation (e.g., from double-click race condition)
-    if (navigatingRef.current) return;
-    navigatingRef.current = true;
-    setCurrentPath(path);
-    // Reset lock after a short delay
-    setTimeout(() => {
-      navigatingRef.current = false;
-    }, 300);
-  }, [navigatingRef, setCurrentPath]);
-
-  const handleUp = () => {
-    if (isRootPathForSession(currentPath)) return;
-    setCurrentPath(getParentPathForSession(currentPath));
-  };
-
-  const {
-    isEditingPath,
-    editingPathValue,
-    setEditingPathValue,
-    pathInputRef,
-    handlePathDoubleClick,
-    handlePathSubmit,
-    handlePathKeyDown,
-    breadcrumbs,
-    visibleBreadcrumbs,
-    hiddenBreadcrumbs,
-    needsBreadcrumbTruncation,
-    breadcrumbPathAtForIndex,
-    rootLabel,
-    rootPath,
-  } = useSftpModalPath({
-    currentPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    localHomePath: localHomeRef.current,
-    onNavigate: handleNavigate,
-  });
-
-  const {
-    handleDelete,
-    handleCreateFolder,
-    handleCreateFile,
-    showCreateDialog,
-    setShowCreateDialog,
-    createType,
-    createName,
-    setCreateName,
-    isCreating,
-    handleCreateSubmit,
-    showRenameDialog,
-    setShowRenameDialog,
-    renameTarget,
-    renameName,
-    setRenameName,
-    isRenaming,
-    openRenameDialog,
-    handleRename,
-    showPermissionsDialog,
-    setShowPermissionsDialog,
-    permissionsTarget,
-    permissions,
-    isChangingPermissions,
-    openPermissionsDialog,
-    togglePermission,
-    getOctalPermissions,
-    getSymbolicPermissions,
-    handleSavePermissions,
-    showFileOpenerDialog,
-    setShowFileOpenerDialog,
-    fileOpenerTarget,
-    setFileOpenerTarget,
-    openFileOpenerDialog,
-    handleFileOpenerSelect,
-    handleSelectSystemApp,
-    showTextEditor,
-    setShowTextEditor,
-    textEditorTarget,
-    setTextEditorTarget,
-    textEditorContent,
-    setTextEditorContent,
-    loadingTextContent,
-    handleEditFile,
-    handleSaveTextFile,
-    handleOpenFile,
-  } = useSftpModalFileActions({
-    currentPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    joinPath: joinPathForSession,
-    ensureSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    readLocalFile,
-    readSftp: readSftpWithEncoding,
-    writeLocalFile,
-    writeSftp: writeSftpWithEncoding,
-    writeSftpBinary: writeSftpBinaryWithEncoding,
-    deleteLocalFile,
-    deleteSftp: deleteSftpWithEncoding,
-    mkdirLocal,
-    mkdirSftp: mkdirSftpWithEncoding,
-    renameSftp: renameSftpWithEncoding,
-    chmodSftp: chmodSftpWithEncoding,
-    statSftp: statSftpWithEncoding,
-    t,
-    sftpAutoSync,
-    getOpenerForFile,
-    setOpenerForExtension,
-    downloadSftpToTempAndOpen: downloadSftpToTempAndOpenWithEncoding,
-    selectApplication,
-  });
-
-  const {
-    uploading,
-    uploadTasks,
-    dragActive,
-    handleDownload,
-    handleUploadEntries,
-    handleFileSelect,
-    handleFolderSelect,
-    handleDrag,
-    handleDrop,
-    cancelUpload,
-    cancelTask,
-    dismissTask,
-  } = useSftpModalTransfers({
-    currentPath,
-    currentPathRef,
-    isLocalSession,
-    joinPath: joinPathForSession,
-    ensureSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    readLocalFile,
-    readSftp: readSftpWithEncoding,
-    writeLocalFile,
-    writeSftpBinaryWithProgress: writeSftpBinaryWithProgressWithEncoding,
-    writeSftpBinary: writeSftpBinaryWithEncoding,
-    writeSftp: writeSftpWithEncoding,
-    mkdirLocal,
-    mkdirSftp: mkdirSftpWithEncoding,
-    cancelSftpUpload,
-    startStreamTransfer,
-    cancelTransfer,
-    showSaveDialog,
-    setLoading,
-    t,
-    useCompressedUpload: sftpUseCompressedUpload,
-    listSftp: listSftpWithEncoding,
-    deleteLocalFile,
-  });
-  const hasEverOpenedRef = useRef(false);
-
-  const hasActiveTransferTasks = useMemo(
-    () =>
-      uploadTasks.some(
-        (task) =>
-          task.status === "pending" ||
-          task.status === "uploading" ||
-          task.status === "downloading",
-      ),
-    [uploadTasks],
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (open) {
-      hasEverOpenedRef.current = true;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (!hasEverOpenedRef.current) return;
-    if (uploading || hasActiveTransferTasks) return;
-
-    void closeSftpSession();
-  }, [closeSftpSession, hasActiveTransferTasks, open, sessionVersion, uploading]);
-
-  const handleClose = async () => {
-    if (uploading || hasActiveTransferTasks) {
-      onClose();
-      return;
-    }
-
-    await closeSftpSession();
-    onClose();
-  };
-
-  // Handle initial entries to upload (from drag-and-drop to terminal)
-  const initialUploadTriggeredRef = useRef(false);
-  const prevLoadingRef = useRef(loading);
-  const prevEntriesRef = useRef<DropEntry[] | undefined>(undefined);
-  useEffect(() => {
-    // Detect when loading transitions from true to false (initial load complete)
-    const wasLoading = prevLoadingRef.current;
-    prevLoadingRef.current = loading;
-    const justFinishedLoading = wasLoading && !loading;
-
-    // Reset the flag when initialEntriesToUpload is cleared
-    if (!initialEntriesToUpload || initialEntriesToUpload.length === 0) {
-      initialUploadTriggeredRef.current = false;
-      prevEntriesRef.current = undefined;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Reset the flag when new entries arrive (different reference = new drop)
-    if (initialEntriesToUpload !== prevEntriesRef.current) {
-      initialUploadTriggeredRef.current = false;
-      prevEntriesRef.current = initialEntriesToUpload;
-    }
-
-    // Prevent duplicate uploads
-    if (initialUploadTriggeredRef.current) return;
-
-    // Wait for SFTP connection to be established
-    // Trigger when: modal is open AND loading just finished (works for empty directories too)
-    if (!open || loading) return;
-    if (!justFinishedLoading) return;
-
-    initialUploadTriggeredRef.current = true;
-
-    // Trigger upload with full DropEntry data (preserves directory structure)
-    void handleUploadEntries(initialEntriesToUpload);
-  }, [handleUploadEntries, initialEntriesToUpload, loading, open]);
-
-  // Display files with parent entry (like SftpView)
-  const displayFiles = useMemo(() => {
-    // Filter hidden files using utility function
-    const visibleFiles = filterHiddenFiles(files, sftpShowHiddenFiles);
-
-    // Check if we're at root
-    const atRoot = isRootPathForSession(currentPath);
-    if (atRoot) return visibleFiles;
-
-    // Add ".." parent directory entry at the top (only if not at root)
-    const parentEntry: RemoteFile = {
-      name: "..",
-      type: "directory",
-      size: "--",
-      lastModified: undefined,
-    };
-    return [parentEntry, ...visibleFiles.filter((f) => f.name !== "..")];
-  }, [files, currentPath, isRootPathForSession, sftpShowHiddenFiles]);
-
-  // Sorted files
-  const sortedFiles = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!displayFiles.length) return displayFiles;
-
-    // Keep ".." at the top, sort the rest
-    const parentEntry = displayFiles.find((f) => f.name === "..");
-    const otherFiles = displayFiles.filter((f) => f.name !== "..");
-
-    const sorted = [...otherFiles].sort((a, b) => {
-      // Directories and symlinks pointing to directories come first
-      const aIsDir = a.type === "directory" || (a.type === "symlink" && a.linkTarget === "directory");
-      const bIsDir = b.type === "directory" || (b.type === "symlink" && b.linkTarget === "directory");
-      if (aIsDir && !bIsDir) return -1;
-      if (!aIsDir && bIsDir) return 1;
-
-      let cmp = 0;
-      switch (sortField) {
-        case "name":
-          cmp = a.name.localeCompare(b.name);
-          break;
-        case "size": {
-          const sizeA =
-            typeof a.size === "number"
-              ? a.size
-              : parseInt(String(a.size), 10) || 0;
-          const sizeB =
-            typeof b.size === "number"
-              ? b.size
-              : parseInt(String(b.size), 10) || 0;
-          cmp = sizeA - sizeB;
-          break;
-        }
-        case "modified": {
-          const dateA = new Date(a.lastModified || 0).getTime();
-          const dateB = new Date(b.lastModified || 0).getTime();
-          cmp = dateA - dateB;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      return sortOrder === "asc" ? cmp : -cmp;
-    });
-
-    return parentEntry ? [parentEntry, ...sorted] : sorted;
-  }, [displayFiles, sortField, sortOrder]);
-  const hasFiles = files.length > 0;
-  const hasDisplayFiles = sortedFiles.length > 0;
-  const {
-    fileListRef,
-    handleFileListScroll,
-    shouldVirtualize,
-    totalHeight,
-    visibleRows,
-  } = useSftpModalVirtualList({ open, sortedFiles });
-
-
-  const { handleFileClick, handleFileDoubleClick } = useSftpModalSelection({
-    files,
-    setSelectedFiles,
-    currentPath,
-    joinPath: joinPathForSession,
-    onNavigate: handleNavigate,
-    onOpenFile: handleOpenFile,
-    onNavigateUp: handleUp,
-  });
-
-  // Keyboard shortcuts for modal
-  const handleKeyboardRename = useCallback((file: RemoteFile) => {
-    openRenameDialog(file);
-  }, [openRenameDialog]);
-
-  const handleKeyboardDelete = useCallback((fileNames: string[]) => {
-    // Find the files to pass to confirm dialog
-    if (fileNames.length === 0) return;
-    if (!confirm(t("sftp.deleteConfirm.title", { count: fileNames.length }))) return;
-
-    // Delete files
-    (async () => {
-      try {
-        for (const fileName of fileNames) {
-          const fullPath = joinPathForSession(currentPath, fileName);
-          if (isLocalSession) {
-            await deleteLocalFile(fullPath);
-          } else {
-            await deleteSftpWithEncoding(await ensureSftp(), fullPath);
-          }
-        }
-        await loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-        setSelectedFiles(new Set());
-      } catch (e) {
-        toast.error(
-          e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.deleteFailed"),
-          "SFTP",
-        );
-      }
-    })();
-  }, [currentPath, isLocalSession, deleteLocalFile, deleteSftpWithEncoding, ensureSftp, loadFiles, setSelectedFiles, t, joinPathForSession]);
-
-  const handleKeyboardNewFolder = useCallback(() => {
-    handleCreateFolder();
-  }, [handleCreateFolder]);
-
-  useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts({
-    keyBindings,
-    hotkeyScheme,
-    open,
-    files,
-    visibleFiles: displayFiles,
-    selectedFiles,
-    setSelectedFiles,
-    onRefresh: () => loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true }),
-    onRename: handleKeyboardRename,
-    onDelete: handleKeyboardDelete,
-    onNewFolder: handleKeyboardNewFolder,
-  });
-
-  const handleDeleteSelected = async () => {
-    if (selectedFiles.size === 0) return;
-    const fileNames = Array.from(selectedFiles);
-    if (!confirm(t("sftp.deleteConfirm.title", { count: fileNames.length }))) return;
-
-    try {
-      for (const fileName of fileNames) {
-        const fullPath = joinPathForSession(currentPath, fileName);
-        if (isLocalSession) {
-          await deleteLocalFile(fullPath);
-        } else {
-          await deleteSftpWithEncoding(await ensureSftp(), fullPath);
-        }
-      }
-      await loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-      setSelectedFiles(new Set());
-    } catch (e) {
-      toast.error(
-        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.deleteFailed"),
-        "SFTP",
-      );
-    }
-  };
-
-  const handleDownloadSelected = async () => {
-    if (selectedFiles.size === 0) return;
-    for (const fileName of selectedFiles) {
-      const file = files.find((f) => f.name === fileName);
-      if (file && file.type === "file") {
-        await handleDownload(file);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  if (!open) return null;
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      <div className="h-full flex flex-col bg-background border-r border-border/60 overflow-hidden">
-        <SftpModalHeader
-          onClose={handleClose}
-          t={t}
-          host={host}
-          credentials={credentials}
-          showEncoding={!isLocalSession}
-          filenameEncoding={filenameEncoding}
-          onFilenameEncodingChange={setFilenameEncoding}
-          currentPath={currentPath}
-          isEditingPath={isEditingPath}
-          editingPathValue={editingPathValue}
-          setEditingPathValue={setEditingPathValue}
-          handlePathSubmit={handlePathSubmit}
-          handlePathKeyDown={handlePathKeyDown}
-          handlePathDoubleClick={handlePathDoubleClick}
-          isAtRoot={isRootPathForSession(currentPath)}
-          rootLabel={rootLabel}
-          isRefreshing={loading || reconnecting}
-          onUp={handleUp}
-          onHome={() =>
-            setCurrentPath((isLocalSession && localHomeRef.current) || rootPath)
-          }
-          onRefresh={() => loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true })}
-          visibleBreadcrumbs={visibleBreadcrumbs}
-          hiddenBreadcrumbs={hiddenBreadcrumbs}
-          needsBreadcrumbTruncation={needsBreadcrumbTruncation}
-          breadcrumbs={breadcrumbs}
-          onBreadcrumbSelect={(index) => setCurrentPath(breadcrumbPathAtForIndex(index))}
-          onRootSelect={() => setCurrentPath(rootPath)}
-          inputRef={inputRef}
-          folderInputRef={folderInputRef}
-          pathInputRef={pathInputRef}
-          uploading={uploading}
-          onTriggerUpload={() => inputRef.current?.click()}
-          onTriggerFolderUpload={() => folderInputRef.current?.click()}
-          onCreateFolder={handleCreateFolder}
-          onCreateFile={handleCreateFile}
-          onFileSelect={handleFileSelect}
-          onFolderSelect={handleFolderSelect}
-          showHiddenFiles={sftpShowHiddenFiles}
-          onToggleShowHiddenFiles={() =>
-            setSftpShowHiddenFiles(!sftpShowHiddenFiles)
-          }
-          onUpdateHost={onUpdateHost}
-          onNavigateToBookmark={(path) => setCurrentPath(path)}
-        />
-
-        <SftpModalFileList
-          t={t}
-          currentPath={currentPath}
-          isLocalSession={isLocalSession}
-          hasFiles={hasFiles}
-          hasDisplayFiles={hasDisplayFiles}
-          selectedFiles={selectedFiles}
-          dragActive={dragActive}
-          loading={loading}
-          loadingTextContent={loadingTextContent}
-          reconnecting={reconnecting}
-          columnWidths={columnWidths}
-          sortField={sortField}
-          sortOrder={sortOrder}
-          shouldVirtualize={shouldVirtualize}
-          totalHeight={totalHeight}
-          visibleRows={visibleRows}
-          fileListRef={fileListRef}
-          inputRef={inputRef}
-          folderInputRef={folderInputRef}
-          handleSort={handleSort}
-          handleResizeStart={handleResizeStart}
-          handleFileListScroll={handleFileListScroll}
-          handleDrag={handleDrag}
-          handleDrop={handleDrop}
-          handleFileClick={handleFileClick}
-          handleFileDoubleClick={handleFileDoubleClick}
-          handleDownload={handleDownload}
-          handleDelete={handleDelete}
-          handleOpenFile={handleOpenFile}
-          openFileOpenerDialog={openFileOpenerDialog}
-          handleEditFile={handleEditFile}
-          openRenameDialog={openRenameDialog}
-          openPermissionsDialog={openPermissionsDialog}
-          handleNavigate={handleNavigate}
-          handleCreateFolder={handleCreateFolder}
-          handleCreateFile={handleCreateFile}
-          handleDownloadSelected={handleDownloadSelected}
-          handleDeleteSelected={handleDeleteSelected}
-          loadFiles={loadFiles}
-          formatBytes={formatBytes}
-          formatDate={formatDate}
-        />
-
-        <SftpModalUploadTasks tasks={uploadTasks} t={t} onCancel={cancelUpload} onCancelTask={cancelTask} onDismiss={dismissTask} />
-
-        <SftpModalFooter
-          t={t}
-          files={files}
-          selectedFiles={selectedFiles}
-          loading={loading}
-          uploading={uploading}
-          onDownloadSelected={handleDownloadSelected}
-          onDeleteSelected={handleDeleteSelected}
-        />
-      </div>
-
-      <SftpModalDialogs
-        t={t}
-        showRenameDialog={showRenameDialog}
-        setShowRenameDialog={setShowRenameDialog}
-        renameTarget={renameTarget}
-        renameName={renameName}
-        setRenameName={setRenameName}
-        handleRename={handleRename}
-        isRenaming={isRenaming}
-        showPermissionsDialog={showPermissionsDialog}
-        setShowPermissionsDialog={setShowPermissionsDialog}
-        permissionsTarget={permissionsTarget}
-        permissions={permissions}
-        togglePermission={togglePermission}
-        getOctalPermissions={getOctalPermissions}
-        getSymbolicPermissions={getSymbolicPermissions}
-        handleSavePermissions={handleSavePermissions}
-        isChangingPermissions={isChangingPermissions}
-        showCreateDialog={showCreateDialog}
-        setShowCreateDialog={setShowCreateDialog}
-        createType={createType}
-        createName={createName}
-        setCreateName={setCreateName}
-        isCreating={isCreating}
-        handleCreateSubmit={handleCreateSubmit}
-      />
-
-      {/* File Opener Dialog */}
-      <FileOpenerDialog
-        open={showFileOpenerDialog}
-        onClose={() => {
-          setShowFileOpenerDialog(false);
-          setFileOpenerTarget(null);
-        }}
-        fileName={fileOpenerTarget?.name || ""}
-        onSelect={handleFileOpenerSelect}
-        onSelectSystemApp={handleSelectSystemApp}
-      />
-
-      {/* Text Editor Modal */}
-      <TextEditorModal
-        open={showTextEditor}
-        onClose={() => {
-          setShowTextEditor(false);
-          setTextEditorTarget(null);
-          setTextEditorContent("");
-        }}
-        fileName={textEditorTarget?.name || ""}
-        initialContent={textEditorContent}
-        onSave={handleSaveTextFile}
-        editorWordWrap={editorWordWrap}
-        onToggleWordWrap={() => setEditorWordWrap(!editorWordWrap)}
-      />
-    </>
-  );
-};
-
-export default SFTPModal;
--- a/components/SftpSidePanel.tsx
+++ b/components/SftpSidePanel.tsx
@@ -101,7 +101,14 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
  }), [fileWatchHandlers, sftpUseCompressedUpload, sftpShowHiddenFiles]);

  const sftp = useSftpState(hosts, keys, identities, sftpOptions);
-  const { showSaveDialog, startStreamTransfer } = useSftpBackend();
+  const {
+    showSaveDialog,
+    selectDirectory,
+    startStreamTransfer,
+    listSftp,
+    mkdirLocal,
+    deleteLocalFile,
+  } = useSftpBackend();

  const sftpRef = useRef(sftp);
  sftpRef.current = sftp;
@@ -153,7 +160,11 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
    getOpenerForFileRef,
    setOpenerForExtension,
    t,
+    listSftp,
+    mkdirLocal,
+    deleteLocalFile,
    showSaveDialog,
+    selectDirectory,
    startStreamTransfer,
    getSftpIdForConnection: sftp.getSftpIdForConnection,
  });
--- a/components/SftpView.tsx
+++ b/components/SftpView.tsx
@@ -86,8 +86,15 @@ const SftpViewInner: React.FC<SftpViewProps> = ({ hosts, keys, identities, updat

  const sftp = useSftpState(hosts, keys, identities, sftpOptions);

-  // Get stream transfer functions for optimized downloads
-  const { showSaveDialog, startStreamTransfer } = useSftpBackend();
+  // Get backend helpers for file downloads and local filesystem writes.
+  const {
+    showSaveDialog,
+    selectDirectory,
+    startStreamTransfer,
+    listSftp,
+    mkdirLocal,
+    deleteLocalFile,
+  } = useSftpBackend();

  // Store sftp in a ref so callbacks can access the latest instance
  // without needing to re-create when sftp changes
@@ -176,7 +183,11 @@ const SftpViewInner: React.FC<SftpViewProps> = ({ hosts, keys, identities, updat
    getOpenerForFileRef,
    setOpenerForExtension,
    t,
+    listSftp,
+    mkdirLocal,
+    deleteLocalFile,
    showSaveDialog,
+    selectDirectory,
    startStreamTransfer,
    getSftpIdForConnection: sftp.getSftpIdForConnection,
  });
--- a/components/Terminal.tsx
+++ b/components/Terminal.tsx
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ import {
  shouldEnableNativeUserInputAutoScroll,
  shouldScrollOnTerminalInput,
 } from "../domain/terminalScroll";
+import {
+  resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId,
+  resolveHostTerminalFontSize,
+  resolveHostTerminalThemeId,
+} from "../domain/terminalAppearance";
 import { resolveHostAuth } from "../domain/sshAuth";
 import { useTerminalBackend } from "../application/state/useTerminalBackend";
 import KnownHostConfirmDialog, { HostKeyInfo } from "./KnownHostConfirmDialog";
@@ -302,6 +307,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
  const [showSFTP, setShowSFTP] = useState(false);
  const [progressValue, setProgressValue] = useState(15);
  const [hasSelection, setHasSelection] = useState(false);
+  const [isDisconnectedDialogDismissed, setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed] = useState(false);

  const statusRef = useRef<TerminalSession["status"]>(status);
  statusRef.current = status;
@@ -402,13 +408,14 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
  const customThemes = useCustomThemes();

  const effectiveTheme = useMemo(() => {
-    if (host.theme) {
-      const hostTheme = TERMINAL_THEMES.find((t) => t.id === host.theme)
-        || customThemes.find((t) => t.id === host.theme);
+    const themeId = resolveHostTerminalThemeId(host, terminalTheme.id);
+    if (themeId) {
+      const hostTheme = TERMINAL_THEMES.find((t) => t.id === themeId)
+        || customThemes.find((t) => t.id === themeId);
      if (hostTheme) return hostTheme;
    }
    return terminalTheme;
-  }, [host.theme, terminalTheme, customThemes]);
+  }, [host, terminalTheme, customThemes]);

  const resolvedChainHosts =
    (host.hostChain?.hostIds
@@ -502,6 +509,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
    setProgressLogs([]);
    setShowLogs(false);
    setIsCancelling(false);
+    setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed(false);

    const boot = async () => {
      try {
@@ -679,6 +687,12 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps -- updateStatus is a stable internal helper
  }, [status, auth.needsAuth, host.protocol, host.hostname]);

+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (status === "connecting") {
+      setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed(false);
+    }
+  }, [status]);
+
  const safeFit = (options?: { force?: boolean; requireVisible?: boolean }) => {
    const fitAddon = fitAddonRef.current;
    if (!fitAddon) return;
@@ -725,7 +739,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({

  useEffect(() => {
    if (termRef.current) {
-      const effectiveFontSize = host.fontSize || fontSize;
+      const effectiveFontSize = resolveHostTerminalFontSize(host, fontSize);
      termRef.current.options.fontSize = effectiveFontSize;

      termRef.current.options.theme = {
@@ -782,14 +796,14 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({

      setTimeout(() => safeFit({ force: true }), 50);
    }
-  }, [fontSize, effectiveTheme, terminalSettings, host.fontSize]);
+  }, [fontSize, effectiveTheme, terminalSettings, host]);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (termRef.current) {
-      const effectiveFontSize = host.fontSize || fontSize;
+      const effectiveFontSize = resolveHostTerminalFontSize(host, fontSize);
      termRef.current.options.fontSize = effectiveFontSize;

-      const hostFontId = host.fontFamily || fontFamilyId || "menlo";
+      const hostFontId = resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId(host, fontFamilyId) || "menlo";
      const fontObj = availableFonts.find((f) => f.id === hostFontId) || availableFonts[0];
      termRef.current.options.fontFamily = fontObj.family;

@@ -800,7 +814,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({

      setTimeout(() => safeFit({ force: true }), 50);
    }
-  }, [host.fontSize, host.fontFamily, host.theme, fontFamilyId, fontSize, effectiveTheme, availableFonts]);
+  }, [host, fontFamilyId, fontSize, effectiveTheme, availableFonts]);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!isVisible) return;
@@ -848,7 +862,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({

        if (terminalSettings && termRef.current) {
          const fontFamily = termRef.current.options?.fontFamily || "";
-          const effectiveFontSize = host.fontSize || fontSize;
+          const effectiveFontSize = resolveHostTerminalFontSize(host, fontSize);
          if (typeof document !== "undefined" && document.fonts?.check) {
            const weightSpec = `${terminalSettings.fontWeightBold} ${effectiveFontSize}px ${fontFamily}`;
            const resolvedBold = document.fonts.check(weightSpec)
@@ -884,7 +898,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
    return () => {
      cancelled = true;
    };
-  }, [host.id, host.fontFamily, host.fontSize, fontFamilyId, fontSize, resizeSession, sessionId, terminalSettings]);
+  }, [host, fontFamilyId, fontSize, resizeSession, sessionId, terminalSettings]);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!isVisible || !containerRef.current || !fitAddonRef.current) return;
@@ -1110,6 +1124,14 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
    onCloseSession?.(sessionId);
  };

+  const handleDismissDisconnectedDialog = () => {
+    setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed(true);
+  };
+
+  const handleCloseDisconnectedSession = () => {
+    onCloseSession?.(sessionId);
+  };
+
  const handleHostKeyClose = () => {
    setNeedsHostKeyVerification(false);
    setPendingHostKeyInfo(null);
@@ -1150,17 +1172,29 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
    cleanupSession();
    auth.resetForRetry();
    hasRunStartupCommandRef.current = false;
+    setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed(false);
    setStatus("connecting");
    setError(null);
    setProgressLogs(["Retrying secure channel..."]);
    setShowLogs(true);
-    if (host.protocol === "local" || host.hostname === "localhost") {
+    if (host.protocol === "serial") {
+      sessionStarters.startSerial(termRef.current);
+    } else if (host.protocol === "local" || host.hostname === "localhost") {
      sessionStarters.startLocal(termRef.current);
+    } else if (host.protocol === "telnet") {
+      sessionStarters.startTelnet(termRef.current);
+    } else if (host.moshEnabled) {
+      sessionStarters.startMosh(termRef.current);
    } else {
      sessionStarters.startSSH(termRef.current);
    }
  };

+  const shouldShowConnectionDialog = status !== "connected"
+    && !needsHostKeyVerification
+    && !((isLocalConnection || isSerialConnection) && status === "connecting")
+    && !(status === "disconnected" && isDisconnectedDialogDismissed);
+
  // Drag and drop handlers
  const handleDragEnter = (e: React.DragEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault();
@@ -1734,9 +1768,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
          )}

          {/* Connection dialog: skip for local/serial during connecting phase, but show on error */}
-          {status !== "connected" && !needsHostKeyVerification && !(
-            (isLocalConnection || isSerialConnection) && status === "connecting"
-          ) && (
+          {shouldShowConnectionDialog && (
              <TerminalConnectionDialog
                host={host}
                status={status}
@@ -1747,6 +1779,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
                showLogs={showLogs}
                _setShowLogs={setShowLogs}
                keys={keys}
+                onDismissDisconnected={handleDismissDisconnectedDialog}
                authProps={{
                  authMethod: auth.authMethod,
                  setAuthMethod: auth.setAuthMethod,
@@ -1772,7 +1805,8 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
                  timeLeft,
                  isCancelling,
                  progressLogs,
-                  onCancel: handleCancelConnect,
+                  onCancelConnect: handleCancelConnect,
+                  onCloseSession: handleCloseDisconnectedSession,
                  onRetry: handleRetry,
                }}
              />
--- a/components/TerminalLayer.tsx
+++ b/components/TerminalLayer.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,19 @@ import { useTerminalBackend } from '../application/state/useTerminalBackend';
 import { collectSessionIds } from '../domain/workspace';
 import { SplitDirection } from '../domain/workspace';
 import { KeyBinding, TerminalSettings } from '../domain/models';
+import {
+  clearHostFontFamilyOverride,
+  clearHostFontSizeOverride,
+  clearHostThemeOverride,
+  hasHostFontFamilyOverride,
+  hasHostFontSizeOverride,
+  hasHostThemeOverride,
+  resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId,
+  resolveHostTerminalFontSize,
+  resolveHostTerminalThemeId,
+} from '../domain/terminalAppearance';
 import { cn } from '../lib/utils';
+import { detectLocalOs } from '../lib/localShell';
 import { useStoredString } from '../application/state/useStoredString';
 import { buildCacheKey } from '../application/state/sftp/sharedRemoteHostCache';
 import type { DropEntry } from '../lib/sftpFileUtils';
@@ -22,6 +34,7 @@ import { TERMINAL_THEMES } from '../infrastructure/config/terminalThemes';
 import { useCustomThemes } from '../application/state/customThemeStore';
 import { Button } from './ui/button';
 import { ScrollArea } from './ui/scroll-area';
+import { setupMcpApprovalBridge } from '../infrastructure/ai/shared/approvalGate';

 type SidePanelTab = 'sftp' | 'scripts' | 'theme' | 'ai';

@@ -65,6 +78,38 @@ const filterTabsMap = <T,>(source: Map<string, T>, validIds: Set<string>): Map<s
  return changed ? next : source;
 };

+type AITerminalSessionInfo = {
+  sessionId: string;
+  hostId: string;
+  hostname: string;
+  label: string;
+  os?: string;
+  username?: string;
+  protocol?: string;
+  shellType?: string;
+  connected: boolean;
+};
+
+const buildAITerminalSessionInfo = (
+  session: TerminalSession | undefined,
+  host: Host | undefined,
+  localOs: 'linux' | 'macos' | 'windows',
+): AITerminalSessionInfo => {
+  const protocol = session?.protocol || host?.protocol;
+  const isLocalSession = protocol === 'local' || session?.hostId?.startsWith('local-');
+  return {
+    sessionId: session?.id || '',
+    hostId: session?.hostId || '',
+    hostname: host?.hostname || session?.hostname || '',
+    label: host?.label || session?.hostLabel || '',
+    os: host?.os || (isLocalSession ? localOs : undefined),
+    username: host?.username || session?.username,
+    protocol,
+    shellType: session?.shellType && session.shellType !== 'unknown' ? session.shellType : undefined,
+    connected: session?.status === 'connected',
+  };
+};
+
 interface TerminalLayerProps {
  hosts: Host[];
  keys: SSHKey[];
@@ -966,34 +1011,52 @@ const TerminalLayerInner: React.FC<TerminalLayerProps> = ({
      return;
    }
    if (focusedHost) {
-      onUpdateHost({ ...focusedHost, theme: themeId });
+      onUpdateHost({ ...focusedHost, theme: themeId, themeOverride: true });
    }
  }, [focusedHost, isFocusedHostLocal, onUpdateTerminalThemeId, onUpdateHost]);

+  const handleThemeResetForFocusedSession = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!focusedHost || isFocusedHostLocal) return;
+    onUpdateHost(clearHostThemeOverride(focusedHost));
+  }, [focusedHost, isFocusedHostLocal, onUpdateHost]);
+
  const handleFontFamilyChangeForFocusedSession = useCallback((fontFamilyId: string) => {
    if (isFocusedHostLocal) {
      onUpdateTerminalFontFamilyId?.(fontFamilyId);
      return;
    }
    if (focusedHost) {
-      onUpdateHost({ ...focusedHost, fontFamily: fontFamilyId });
+      onUpdateHost({ ...focusedHost, fontFamily: fontFamilyId, fontFamilyOverride: true });
    }
  }, [focusedHost, isFocusedHostLocal, onUpdateTerminalFontFamilyId, onUpdateHost]);

+  const handleFontFamilyResetForFocusedSession = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!focusedHost || isFocusedHostLocal) return;
+    onUpdateHost(clearHostFontFamilyOverride(focusedHost));
+  }, [focusedHost, isFocusedHostLocal, onUpdateHost]);
+
  const handleFontSizeChangeForFocusedSession = useCallback((newFontSize: number) => {
    if (isFocusedHostLocal) {
      onUpdateTerminalFontSize?.(newFontSize);
      return;
    }
    if (focusedHost) {
-      onUpdateHost({ ...focusedHost, fontSize: newFontSize });
+      onUpdateHost({ ...focusedHost, fontSize: newFontSize, fontSizeOverride: true });
    }
  }, [focusedHost, isFocusedHostLocal, onUpdateTerminalFontSize, onUpdateHost]);

+  const handleFontSizeResetForFocusedSession = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!focusedHost || isFocusedHostLocal) return;
+    onUpdateHost(clearHostFontSizeOverride(focusedHost));
+  }, [focusedHost, isFocusedHostLocal, onUpdateHost]);
+
  // Current theme/font/size for the focused session (for ThemeSidePanel)
-  const focusedThemeId = focusedHost?.theme ?? terminalTheme.id;
-  const focusedFontFamilyId = focusedHost?.fontFamily ?? terminalFontFamilyId;
-  const focusedFontSize = focusedHost?.fontSize ?? fontSize;
+  const focusedThemeId = resolveHostTerminalThemeId(focusedHost, terminalTheme.id);
+  const focusedFontFamilyId = resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId(focusedHost, terminalFontFamilyId);
+  const focusedFontSize = resolveHostTerminalFontSize(focusedHost, fontSize);
+  const focusedThemeOverridden = hasHostThemeOverride(focusedHost);
+  const focusedFontFamilyOverridden = hasHostFontFamilyOverride(focusedHost);
+  const focusedFontSizeOverridden = hasHostFontSizeOverride(focusedHost);

  // AI Chat state
  const aiState = useAIState();
@@ -1006,8 +1069,16 @@ const TerminalLayerInner: React.FC<TerminalLayerProps> = ({
    cleanupOrphanedSessions(activeIds);
  }, [sessions, workspaces, cleanupOrphanedSessions]);

+  // Keep MCP/ACP approval IPC listener alive for the entire terminal lifecycle.
+  // Must live here (TerminalLayer), NOT in AIChatSidePanel (unmounts on tab switch)
+  // or ChatMessageList (unmounts on panel hide).
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return setupMcpApprovalBridge();
+  }, []);
+
  // Build terminal session context for the AI chat panel
  const aiTerminalSessions = useMemo(() => {
+    const localOs = detectLocalOs(navigator.userAgent || navigator.platform);
    const sessionIds = activeWorkspace?.root
      ? collectSessionIds(activeWorkspace.root)
      : activeSession ? [activeSession.id] : [];
@@ -1015,15 +1086,7 @@ const TerminalLayerInner: React.FC<TerminalLayerProps> = ({
    const result = sessionIds.map(sid => {
      const s = sessions.find(s => s.id === sid);
      const host = s?.hostId ? hosts.find(h => h.id === s.hostId) : undefined;
-      return {
-        sessionId: sid,
-        hostId: s?.hostId || '',
-        hostname: host?.hostname || '',
-        label: host?.label || s?.hostLabel || '',
-        os: host?.os,
-        username: host?.username,
-        connected: s?.status === 'connected',
-      };
+      return buildAITerminalSessionInfo(s, host, localOs);
    });
    return result;
  }, [sessions, hosts, activeWorkspace, activeSession]);
@@ -1036,6 +1099,7 @@ const TerminalLayerInner: React.FC<TerminalLayerProps> = ({
    const latestWorkspaces = workspacesRef.current;
    const latestSessions = sessionsRef.current;
    const latestHosts = hostsRef.current;
+    const localOs = detectLocalOs(navigator.userAgent || navigator.platform);
    const sessionIds = scope.type === 'workspace'
      ? (() => {
          const workspace = scope.targetId ? latestWorkspaces.find((w) => w.id === scope.targetId) : undefined;
@@ -1051,15 +1115,7 @@ const TerminalLayerInner: React.FC<TerminalLayerProps> = ({
      sessions: sessionIds.map((sid) => {
        const session = latestSessions.find((s) => s.id === sid);
        const host = session?.hostId ? latestHosts.find((h) => h.id === session.hostId) : undefined;
-        return {
-          sessionId: sid,
-          hostId: session?.hostId || '',
-          hostname: host?.hostname || '',
-          label: host?.label || session?.hostLabel || '',
-          os: host?.os,
-          username: host?.username,
-          connected: session?.status === 'connected',
-        };
+        return buildAITerminalSessionInfo(session, host, localOs);
      }),
      workspaceId: scope.type === 'workspace' ? scope.targetId : undefined,
      workspaceName,
@@ -1414,11 +1470,19 @@ const TerminalLayerInner: React.FC<TerminalLayerProps> = ({
                    <div className="absolute inset-0 z-10">
                      <ThemeSidePanel
                        currentThemeId={focusedThemeId}
+                        globalThemeId={terminalTheme.id}
                        currentFontFamilyId={focusedFontFamilyId}
+                        globalFontFamilyId={terminalFontFamilyId}
                        currentFontSize={focusedFontSize}
+                        canResetTheme={focusedThemeOverridden}
+                        canResetFontFamily={focusedFontFamilyOverridden}
+                        canResetFontSize={focusedFontSizeOverridden}
                        onThemeChange={handleThemeChangeForFocusedSession}
+                        onThemeReset={handleThemeResetForFocusedSession}
                        onFontFamilyChange={handleFontFamilyChangeForFocusedSession}
+                        onFontFamilyReset={handleFontFamilyResetForFocusedSession}
                        onFontSizeChange={handleFontSizeChangeForFocusedSession}
+                        onFontSizeReset={handleFontSizeResetForFocusedSession}
                      />
                    </div>
                  )}
--- a/components/TopTabs.tsx
+++ b/components/TopTabs.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { activeTabStore, useActiveTabId } from '../application/state/activeTabSt
 import { LogView } from '../application/state/useSessionState';
 import { useWindowControls } from '../application/state/useWindowControls';
 import { useI18n } from '../application/i18n/I18nProvider';
-import { normalizeDistroId } from '../domain/host';
+import { getEffectiveHostDistro } from '../domain/host';
 import { cn } from '../lib/utils';
 import { Host, TerminalSession, Workspace } from '../types';
 import { DISTRO_LOGOS, DISTRO_COLORS } from './DistroAvatar';
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ const SessionTabIcon: React.FC<{ host: Host | undefined; isActive: boolean; prot

  // Try distro logo with brand background color
  if (host) {
-    const distro = normalizeDistroId(host.distro) || (host.distro || '').toLowerCase();
+    const distro = getEffectiveHostDistro(host);
    const logo = DISTRO_LOGOS[distro];
    if (logo) {
      const bg = DISTRO_COLORS[distro] || DISTRO_COLORS.default;
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ const SessionTabIcon: React.FC<{ host: Host | undefined; isActive: boolean; prot
        <div className={cn(boxBase, bg)}>
          <img
            src={logo}
-            alt={host.distro || host.os}
+            alt={distro || host.os}
            className={cn(iconSize, "object-contain invert brightness-0")}
          />
        </div>
--- a/components/VaultView.tsx
+++ b/components/VaultView.tsx
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ import { useI18n } from "../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
 import { useStoredViewMode } from "../application/state/useStoredViewMode";
 import { useStoredBoolean } from "../application/state/useStoredBoolean";
 import { useTreeExpandedState } from "../application/state/useTreeExpandedState";
-import { sanitizeHost } from "../domain/host";
+import { getEffectiveHostDistro, sanitizeHost } from "../domain/host";
 import { importVaultHostsFromText, exportHostsToCsvWithStats } from "../domain/vaultImport";
 import type { VaultImportFormat } from "../domain/vaultImport";
 import { STORAGE_KEY_VAULT_HOSTS_VIEW_MODE, STORAGE_KEY_VAULT_HOSTS_TREE_EXPANDED, STORAGE_KEY_VAULT_SIDEBAR_COLLAPSED } from "../infrastructure/config/storageKeys";
@@ -1918,9 +1918,10 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
                            >
                              {group.hosts.map((host) => {
                                const safeHost = sanitizeHost(host);
+                                const effectiveDistro = getEffectiveHostDistro(safeHost);
                                const distroBadge = {
                                  text: (safeHost.os || "L")[0].toUpperCase(),
-                                  label: safeHost.distro || safeHost.os || "Linux",
+                                  label: effectiveDistro || safeHost.os || "Linux",
                                };
                                return (
                                  <ContextMenu key={host.id}>
@@ -2056,9 +2057,10 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
                      >
                        {displayedHosts.map((host) => {
                          const safeHost = sanitizeHost(host);
+                          const effectiveDistro = getEffectiveHostDistro(safeHost);
                          const distroBadge = {
                            text: (safeHost.os || "L")[0].toUpperCase(),
-                            label: safeHost.distro || safeHost.os || "Linux",
+                            label: effectiveDistro || safeHost.os || "Linux",
                          };
                          return (
                            <ContextMenu key={host.id}>
--- a/components/ai-elements/conversation.tsx
+++ b/components/ai-elements/conversation.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export type ConversationProps = ComponentProps<typeof StickToBottom>;
 export const Conversation = ({ className, ...props }: ConversationProps) => (
  <StickToBottom
    className={cn('relative flex-1 overflow-y-hidden', className)}
-    initial="smooth"
+    initial="instant"
    resize="smooth"
    role="log"
    {...props}
--- a/components/ai-elements/tool-call.tsx
+++ b/components/ai-elements/tool-call.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { cn } from '../../lib/utils';
-import { ChevronDown, ChevronRight, CheckCircle2, Loader2, XCircle, Slash } from 'lucide-react';
-import type { HTMLAttributes } from 'react';
-import { useState } from 'react';
+import { Check, ChevronDown, ChevronRight, CheckCircle2, Loader2, ShieldAlert, X, XCircle, Slash } from 'lucide-react';
+import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState, type HTMLAttributes } from 'react';
+import { Button } from '../ui/button';
+import { Badge } from '../ui/badge';
+import { useI18n } from '../../application/i18n/I18nProvider';

 export interface ToolCallProps extends HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> {
  name: string;
@@ -10,12 +12,73 @@ export interface ToolCallProps extends HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> {
  isError?: boolean;
  isLoading?: boolean;
  isInterrupted?: boolean;
+  /** Approval state for this tool call (from the approval gate). */
+  approvalStatus?: 'pending' | 'approved' | 'denied';
+  /** Called when user approves this tool call. */
+  onApprove?: () => void;
+  /** Called when user rejects this tool call. */
+  onReject?: () => void;
 }

-export const ToolCall = ({ name, args, result, isError, isLoading, isInterrupted, className, ...props }: ToolCallProps) => {
+export const ToolCall = ({
+  name, args, result, isError, isLoading, isInterrupted,
+  approvalStatus, onApprove, onReject,
+  className, ...props
+}: ToolCallProps) => {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
+  const cardRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const approveBtnRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+  const [responded, setResponded] = useState(false);

-  const statusIcon = isLoading ? (
+  const isPendingApproval = approvalStatus === 'pending' && !responded;
+
+  const handleApprove = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!isPendingApproval) return;
+    setResponded(true);
+    onApprove?.();
+  }, [isPendingApproval, onApprove]);
+
+  const handleReject = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!isPendingApproval) return;
+    setResponded(true);
+    onReject?.();
+  }, [isPendingApproval, onReject]);
+
+  // Keyboard: Enter = approve, Escape = reject (when pending)
+  const handleKeyDown = useCallback((e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (!isPendingApproval) return;
+    if (e.key === 'Enter') { e.preventDefault(); handleApprove(); }
+    else if (e.key === 'Escape') { e.preventDefault(); handleReject(); }
+  }, [isPendingApproval, handleApprove, handleReject]);
+
+  // Auto-focus and auto-scroll when approval is pending
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isPendingApproval && cardRef.current) {
+      cardRef.current.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'end' });
+      // Small delay to let the UI render, then expand and focus
+      setExpanded(true);
+      setTimeout(() => approveBtnRef.current?.focus(), 100);
+    }
+  }, [isPendingApproval]);
+
+  // Reset responded state when approvalStatus changes (e.g. new approval)
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (approvalStatus === 'pending') setResponded(false);
+  }, [approvalStatus]);
+
+  // Border/bg color based on approval status
+  const borderClass = approvalStatus === 'pending'
+    ? 'border-yellow-500/30 bg-yellow-500/[0.04]'
+    : approvalStatus === 'approved'
+      ? 'border-green-500/20 bg-green-500/[0.03]'
+      : approvalStatus === 'denied'
+        ? 'border-red-500/20 bg-red-500/[0.03]'
+        : 'border-border/25 bg-muted/10';
+
+  const statusIcon = approvalStatus === 'pending' ? (
+    <ShieldAlert size={12} className="text-yellow-500/70 shrink-0" />
+  ) : isLoading ? (
    <Loader2 size={12} className="animate-spin text-blue-400/70" />
  ) : isInterrupted ? (
    <Slash size={12} className="text-muted-foreground/55" />
@@ -26,7 +89,13 @@ export const ToolCall = ({ name, args, result, isError, isLoading, isInterrupted
  ) : null;

  return (
-    <div className={cn('rounded-md border border-border/25 bg-muted/10 overflow-hidden text-[12px]', className)} {...props}>
+    <div
+      ref={cardRef}
+      tabIndex={isPendingApproval ? 0 : undefined}
+      onKeyDown={isPendingApproval ? handleKeyDown : undefined}
+      className={cn('rounded-md border overflow-hidden text-[12px] outline-none', borderClass, className)}
+      {...props}
+    >
      <button
        type="button"
        onClick={() => setExpanded(e => !e)}
@@ -38,8 +107,20 @@ export const ToolCall = ({ name, args, result, isError, isLoading, isInterrupted
        }
        <span className="font-mono text-muted-foreground/70 truncate">{name}</span>
        <span className="flex-1" />
+        {/* Approval badge for resolved approvals */}
+        {approvalStatus === 'approved' && (
+          <Badge className="text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0 bg-green-600/20 text-green-400 border-green-600/30">
+            {t('ai.chat.toolApproved')}
+          </Badge>
+        )}
+        {approvalStatus === 'denied' && (
+          <Badge className="text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0 bg-red-600/20 text-red-400 border-red-600/30">
+            {t('ai.chat.toolDenied')}
+          </Badge>
+        )}
        {statusIcon}
      </button>
+
      {expanded && (
        <div className="border-t border-border/20">
          {args && Object.keys(args).length > 0 && (
@@ -50,6 +131,38 @@ export const ToolCall = ({ name, args, result, isError, isLoading, isInterrupted
              </pre>
            </div>
          )}
+
+          {/* Inline approval buttons */}
+          {isPendingApproval && (
+            <div className="px-3 py-2 border-t border-border/20">
+              <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
+                <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/30">
+                  {t('ai.chat.toolApprovalHint')}
+                </span>
+                <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+                  <Button
+                    variant="outline"
+                    size="sm"
+                    className="h-6 px-2 text-[11px] border-red-500/20 text-red-400/80 hover:bg-red-500/10 hover:text-red-400"
+                    onClick={handleReject}
+                  >
+                    <X size={11} className="mr-0.5" />
+                    {t('ai.chat.reject')}
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button
+                    ref={approveBtnRef}
+                    size="sm"
+                    className="h-6 px-2.5 text-[11px] bg-green-600/80 hover:bg-green-600 text-white"
+                    onClick={handleApprove}
+                  >
+                    <Check size={11} className="mr-0.5" />
+                    {t('ai.chat.approve')}
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            </div>
+          )}
+
          {result !== undefined && (
            <div className="px-3 py-2 border-t border-border/20">
              <div className="text-[10px] font-medium uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground/30 mb-1">Result</div>
--- a/components/ai/ChatMessageList.tsx
+++ b/components/ai/ChatMessageList.tsx
@@ -6,10 +6,11 @@
 * No avatars. Thinking blocks are collapsible.
 */

-import { AlertCircle, FileText } from 'lucide-react';
-import React from 'react';
+import { AlertCircle, FileText, RotateCcw, X, ZoomIn, ZoomOut } from 'lucide-react';
+import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { useI18n } from '../../application/i18n/I18nProvider';
 import type { ChatMessage } from '../../infrastructure/ai/types';
+import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogTitle } from '../ui/dialog';
 import {
  Conversation,
  ConversationContent,
@@ -17,17 +18,124 @@ import {
 } from '../ai-elements/conversation';
 import { Message, MessageContent, MessageResponse } from '../ai-elements/message';
 import { ToolCall } from '../ai-elements/tool-call';
-import { InlineApprovalCard } from './InlineApprovalCard';
 import ThinkingBlock from './ThinkingBlock';
+import {
+  onApprovalRequest,
+  onApprovalCleared,
+  replayPendingApprovals,
+  resolveApproval,
+  type ApprovalRequest,
+} from '../../infrastructure/ai/shared/approvalGate';

 interface ChatMessageListProps {
  messages: ChatMessage[];
  isStreaming?: boolean;
-  onApprove?: (messageId: string) => void;
-  onReject?: (messageId: string) => void;
+  /** Active chat session ID — used to filter standalone MCP approval blocks */
+  activeSessionId?: string | null;
 }

-const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming, onApprove, onReject }) => {
+const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming, activeSessionId }) => {
+  // Track pending approvals from the approval gate
+  const [pendingApprovals, setPendingApprovals] = useState<Map<string, ApprovalRequest>>(new Map());
+  const [resolvedApprovals, setResolvedApprovals] = useState<Map<string, boolean>>(new Map());
+
+  // Subscribe to approval gate events (SDK + MCP tool calls)
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handler = (request: ApprovalRequest) => {
+      setPendingApprovals(prev => new Map(prev).set(request.toolCallId, request));
+    };
+    const unsub = onApprovalRequest(handler);
+    // Replay any approvals that fired while this component was unmounted
+    replayPendingApprovals(handler);
+    return unsub;
+  }, []);
+
+  // Subscribe to approval cleared/removed events (fired on session stop or timeout)
+  useEffect(() => {
+    return onApprovalCleared((clearedIds) => {
+      setPendingApprovals(prev => {
+        const m = new Map(prev);
+        for (const id of clearedIds) m.delete(id);
+        return m;
+      });
+    });
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleApprove = useCallback((toolCallId: string) => {
+    resolveApproval(toolCallId, true);
+    setPendingApprovals(prev => { const m = new Map(prev); m.delete(toolCallId); return m; });
+    setResolvedApprovals(prev => new Map(prev).set(toolCallId, true));
+  }, []);
+
+  const handleReject = useCallback((toolCallId: string) => {
+    resolveApproval(toolCallId, false);
+    setPendingApprovals(prev => { const m = new Map(prev); m.delete(toolCallId); return m; });
+    setResolvedApprovals(prev => new Map(prev).set(toolCallId, false));
+  }, []);
+  const [preview, setPreview] = useState<{ src: string; name: string } | null>(null);
+  const [zoom, setZoom] = useState(100);
+  const [dragged, setDragged] = useState(false);
+  const imgRef = useRef<HTMLImageElement>(null);
+  const dragPos = useRef({ x: 0, y: 0 });
+  const dragStart = useRef<{ startX: number; startY: number; origX: number; origY: number } | null>(null);
+
+  const applyTransform = useCallback((z: number, x: number, y: number, animate: boolean) => {
+    if (!imgRef.current) return;
+    imgRef.current.style.transition = animate ? 'transform 0.25s ease' : 'none';
+    imgRef.current.style.transform = `scale(${z / 100}) translate(${x / (z / 100)}px, ${y / (z / 100)}px)`;
+  }, []);
+
+  const zoomRef = useRef(100);
+  const setZoomAndRef = useCallback((fn: (z: number) => number) => {
+    setZoom(z => { const nz = fn(z); zoomRef.current = nz; return nz; });
+  }, []);
+  const zoomIn = useCallback(() => setZoomAndRef(z => { const nz = Math.min(z + 25, 200); applyTransform(nz, dragPos.current.x, dragPos.current.y, true); return nz; }), [applyTransform, setZoomAndRef]);
+  const zoomOut = useCallback(() => setZoomAndRef(z => { const nz = Math.max(z - 25, 25); applyTransform(nz, dragPos.current.x, dragPos.current.y, true); return nz; }), [applyTransform, setZoomAndRef]);
+
+  const onWheel = useCallback((e: React.WheelEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    const delta = e.deltaY > 0 ? -10 : 10;
+    setZoomAndRef(z => {
+      const nz = Math.max(25, Math.min(200, z + delta));
+      applyTransform(nz, dragPos.current.x, dragPos.current.y, false);
+      return nz;
+    });
+  }, [applyTransform, setZoomAndRef]);
+  const openPreview = useCallback((src: string, name: string) => {
+    setZoom(100); zoomRef.current = 100;
+    setDragged(false);
+    dragPos.current = { x: 0, y: 0 };
+    setPreview({ src, name });
+  }, []);
+
+  const resetPreview = useCallback(() => {
+    setZoom(100); zoomRef.current = 100;
+    setDragged(false);
+    dragPos.current = { x: 0, y: 0 };
+    applyTransform(100, 0, 0, true);
+  }, [applyTransform]);
+
+  const onPointerDown = useCallback((e: React.PointerEvent) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    (e.target as HTMLElement).setPointerCapture(e.pointerId);
+    dragStart.current = { startX: e.clientX, startY: e.clientY, origX: dragPos.current.x, origY: dragPos.current.y };
+  }, []);
+
+  const onPointerMove = useCallback((e: React.PointerEvent) => {
+    if (!dragStart.current) return;
+    if ((e.buttons & 1) === 0) { dragStart.current = null; return; }
+    const x = dragStart.current.origX + (e.clientX - dragStart.current.startX);
+    const y = dragStart.current.origY + (e.clientY - dragStart.current.startY);
+    dragPos.current = { x, y };
+    applyTransform(zoomRef.current, x, y, false);
+  }, [applyTransform]);
+
+  const endDrag = useCallback(() => {
+    if (dragStart.current && (dragPos.current.x !== 0 || dragPos.current.y !== 0)) {
+      setDragged(true);
+    }
+    dragStart.current = null;
+  }, []);
  const { t } = useI18n();
  const visibleMessages = messages.filter(m => m.role !== 'system');
  const resolvedToolCallIds = new Set(
@@ -59,6 +167,7 @@ const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming
  const lastAssistantMessage = visibleMessages.findLast(m => m.role === 'assistant');

  return (
+    <>
    <Conversation className="flex-1">
      <ConversationContent className="gap-1.5 px-4 py-2">
        {visibleMessages.map((message) => {
@@ -102,7 +211,8 @@ const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming
                          key={att.filename ? `${att.filename}-${i}` : `att-${message.id}-${i}`}
                          src={`data:${att.mediaType};base64,${att.base64Data}`}
                          alt={att.filename || 'image'}
-                          className="max-h-[120px] max-w-[200px] rounded-md object-contain border border-border/20"
+                          className="max-h-[120px] max-w-[200px] rounded-md object-contain border border-border/20 cursor-pointer hover:opacity-80 transition-opacity"
+                          onClick={() => openPreview(`data:${att.mediaType};base64,${att.base64Data}`, att.filename || 'image')}
                        />
                      ) : (
                        <div
@@ -126,26 +236,30 @@ const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming
                )}

                {/* Tool calls */}
-                {message.toolCalls?.map((tc) => (
-                  <ToolCall
-                    key={tc.id}
-                    name={tc.name}
-                    args={tc.arguments}
-                    isLoading={isThisStreaming && message.executionStatus === 'running'}
-                    isInterrupted={message.executionStatus === 'cancelled' && !resolvedToolCallIds.has(tc.id)}
-                  />
-                ))}
+                {message.toolCalls?.map((tc) => {
+                  const isPending = pendingApprovals.has(tc.id);
+                  const resolved = resolvedApprovals.get(tc.id);
+                  const approvalStatus = isPending
+                    ? 'pending' as const
+                    : resolved === true
+                      ? 'approved' as const
+                      : resolved === false
+                        ? 'denied' as const
+                        : undefined;

-                {/* Inline approval card */}
-                {message.pendingApproval && (
-                  <InlineApprovalCard
-                    toolName={message.pendingApproval.toolName}
-                    toolArgs={message.pendingApproval.toolArgs}
-                    status={message.pendingApproval.status}
-                    onApprove={() => onApprove?.(message.id)}
-                    onReject={() => onReject?.(message.id)}
-                  />
-                )}
+                  return (
+                    <ToolCall
+                      key={tc.id}
+                      name={tc.name}
+                      args={tc.arguments}
+                      isLoading={isThisStreaming && message.executionStatus === 'running' && !isPending}
+                      isInterrupted={message.executionStatus === 'cancelled' && !resolvedToolCallIds.has(tc.id)}
+                      approvalStatus={approvalStatus}
+                      onApprove={() => handleApprove(tc.id)}
+                      onReject={() => handleReject(tc.id)}
+                    />
+                  );
+                })}

                {/* Status text with shimmer */}
                {message.statusText && (
@@ -173,6 +287,24 @@ const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming
          );
        })}

+        {/* Standalone MCP/ACP approval requests (not tied to SDK tool calls) */}
+        {Array.from(pendingApprovals.entries())
+          .filter((entry) => entry[0].startsWith('mcp_approval_') && (!activeSessionId || entry[1].chatSessionId === activeSessionId))
+          .map((entry) => {
+            const [id, req] = entry;
+            return (
+              <ToolCall
+                key={id}
+                name={req.toolName}
+                args={req.args}
+                isLoading={false}
+                isInterrupted={false}
+                approvalStatus={'pending'}
+                onApprove={() => handleApprove(id)}
+                onReject={() => handleReject(id)}
+              />
+            );
+          })}
        {/* Streaming indicator — only when no content and no thinking yet */}
        {isStreaming && !lastAssistantMessage?.content && !lastAssistantMessage?.thinking && (
          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 py-2">
@@ -184,13 +316,89 @@ const ChatMessageList: React.FC<ChatMessageListProps> = ({ messages, isStreaming
      </ConversationContent>
      <ConversationScrollButton />
    </Conversation>
+
+    {/* Image preview lightbox */}
+    <Dialog open={!!preview} onOpenChange={(open) => { if (!open) setPreview(null); }}>
+      <DialogContent
+        hideCloseButton
+        className="max-w-[min(90vw,800px)] max-h-[min(90vh,700px)] min-w-[280px] min-h-[200px] w-fit p-0 gap-0 focus:outline-none shadow-2xl"
+      >
+        {/* Title bar: filename | zoom controls | close — all in one flex row */}
+        <div className="flex items-center h-10 px-3 border-b border-border/40 gap-2 shrink-0">
+          <DialogTitle className="text-sm font-medium truncate flex-1">{preview?.name}</DialogTitle>
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 shrink-0">
+            <button
+              onClick={resetPreview}
+              disabled={zoom === 100 && !dragged}
+              className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-muted disabled:opacity-30 transition-colors text-muted-foreground"
+              aria-label={t('common.reset')}
+            >
+              <RotateCcw size={14} />
+            </button>
+            <div className="w-px h-3.5 bg-border/40 mx-0.5" />
+            <button
+              onClick={zoomOut}
+              disabled={zoom <= 25}
+              className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-muted disabled:opacity-30 transition-colors text-muted-foreground"
+              aria-label={t('common.zoomOut')}
+            >
+              <ZoomOut size={14} />
+            </button>
+            <span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground tabular-nums w-9 text-center select-none">{zoom}%</span>
+            <button
+              onClick={zoomIn}
+              disabled={zoom >= 200}
+              className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-muted disabled:opacity-30 transition-colors text-muted-foreground"
+              aria-label={t('common.zoomIn')}
+            >
+              <ZoomIn size={14} />
+            </button>
+          </div>
+          <button
+            onClick={() => setPreview(null)}
+            className="p-1 rounded hover:bg-muted transition-colors text-muted-foreground shrink-0"
+            aria-label={t('common.close')}
+          >
+            <X size={14} />
+          </button>
+        </div>
+        {/* Image area with drag support */}
+        {preview && (
+          <div
+            className="overflow-hidden flex items-center justify-center"
+            style={{
+              height: 'calc(min(90vh, 700px) - 40px)',
+              cursor: 'grab',
+              // Clamp aspect ratio: if image is extremely tall/wide, the container
+              // constrains it; object-contain handles the rest.
+              aspectRatio: 'auto',
+            }}
+            onPointerDown={onPointerDown}
+            onPointerMove={onPointerMove}
+            onPointerUp={endDrag}
+            onPointerCancel={endDrag}
+            onWheel={onWheel}
+            onLostPointerCapture={endDrag}
+          >
+            <img
+              ref={imgRef}
+              src={preview.src}
+              alt={preview.name}
+              draggable={false}
+              className="select-none max-w-full max-h-full object-contain"
+              style={{ transition: 'transform 0.25s ease' }}
+            />
+          </div>
+        )}
+      </DialogContent>
+    </Dialog>
+    </>
  );
 };

 function areMessagesEqual(prev: ChatMessageListProps, next: ChatMessageListProps): boolean {
  if (prev.isStreaming !== next.isStreaming) return false;
-  if (prev.onApprove !== next.onApprove) return false;
-  if (prev.onReject !== next.onReject) return false;
+  if (prev.activeSessionId !== next.activeSessionId) return false;
  if (prev.messages.length !== next.messages.length) return false;
  if (prev.messages === next.messages) return true;

@@ -208,7 +416,6 @@ function areMessagesEqual(prev: ChatMessageListProps, next: ChatMessageListProps
        p.role !== n.role ||
        p.statusText !== n.statusText ||
        p.executionStatus !== n.executionStatus ||
-        p.pendingApproval !== n.pendingApproval ||
        p.errorInfo !== n.errorInfo ||
        p.toolCalls !== n.toolCalls ||
        p.toolResults !== n.toolResults
--- a/components/ai/InlineApprovalCard.tsx
+++ b/components/ai/InlineApprovalCard.tsx
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * InlineApprovalCard - Inline tool approval card rendered within chat messages.
- *
- * Replaces the modal PermissionDialog. Shows tool name, arguments, and
- * approve/reject buttons. Keyboard shortcuts: Enter to approve, Escape to reject.
- */
-
-import { Check, ShieldAlert, X } from 'lucide-react';
-import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
-import { useI18n } from '../../application/i18n/I18nProvider';
-import { Badge } from '../ui/badge';
-import { Button } from '../ui/button';
-
-interface InlineApprovalCardProps {
-  toolName: string;
-  toolArgs: Record<string, unknown>;
-  status: 'pending' | 'approved' | 'denied';
-  onApprove: () => void;
-  onReject: () => void;
-}
-
-const InlineApprovalCard: React.FC<InlineApprovalCardProps> = ({
-  toolName,
-  toolArgs,
-  status,
-  onApprove,
-  onReject,
-}) => {
-  const { t } = useI18n();
-  const cardRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
-  const approveBtnRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
-  const isPending = status === 'pending';
-  const [responded, setResponded] = useState(false);
-
-  // Use refs to always access the latest callbacks without re-registering the listener
-  const onApproveRef = useRef(onApprove);
-  const onRejectRef = useRef(onReject);
-  onApproveRef.current = onApprove;
-  onRejectRef.current = onReject;
-
-  const isDisabled = !isPending || responded;
-
-  const handleApprove = useCallback(() => {
-    if (isDisabled) return;
-    setResponded(true);
-    onApproveRef.current();
-  }, [isDisabled]);
-
-  const handleReject = useCallback(() => {
-    if (isDisabled) return;
-    setResponded(true);
-    onRejectRef.current();
-  }, [isDisabled]);
-
-  // Keyboard shortcuts: handled via local onKeyDown on the focusable card element
-  // to avoid conflicts when multiple InlineApprovalCard instances exist simultaneously.
-  const handleKeyDown = useCallback((e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
-    if (isDisabled) return;
-    if (e.key === 'Enter') {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      handleApprove();
-    } else if (e.key === 'Escape') {
-      e.preventDefault();
-      handleReject();
-    }
-  }, [isDisabled, handleApprove, handleReject]);
-
-  // Auto-focus approve button and auto-scroll into view when mounted as pending
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (isPending && cardRef.current) {
-      cardRef.current.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'end' });
-      approveBtnRef.current?.focus();
-    }
-  }, [isPending]);
-
-  let formattedArgs: string;
-  try {
-    formattedArgs = JSON.stringify(toolArgs, null, 2);
-  } catch {
-    formattedArgs = String(toolArgs);
-  }
-
-  // Extract target session info if present
-  const sessionId = toolArgs?.sessionId as string | undefined;
-
-  return (
-    <div
-      ref={cardRef}
-      tabIndex={0}
-      role="alertdialog"
-      aria-label="Tool execution approval required"
-      onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
-      className={`rounded-md border overflow-hidden text-[12px] mt-1.5 outline-none ${
-        isPending
-          ? 'border-yellow-500/30 bg-yellow-500/[0.04]'
-          : status === 'approved'
-            ? 'border-green-500/20 bg-green-500/[0.03]'
-            : 'border-red-500/20 bg-red-500/[0.03]'
-      }`}
-    >
-      {/* Header */}
-      <div className="flex items-center gap-2 px-3 py-1.5">
-        <ShieldAlert
-          size={13}
-          className={
-            isPending
-              ? 'text-yellow-500/70 shrink-0'
-              : status === 'approved'
-                ? 'text-green-400/70 shrink-0'
-                : 'text-red-400/70 shrink-0'
-          }
-        />
-        <span className="text-[11px] font-medium text-foreground/70">
-          {t('ai.chat.toolApprovalTitle')}
-        </span>
-        {!isPending && (
-          <Badge
-            className={`ml-auto text-[10px] px-1.5 py-0 ${
-              status === 'approved'
-                ? 'bg-green-600/20 text-green-400 border-green-600/30'
-                : 'bg-red-600/20 text-red-400 border-red-600/30'
-            }`}
-          >
-            {status === 'approved' ? t('ai.chat.toolApproved') : t('ai.chat.toolDenied')}
-          </Badge>
-        )}
-      </div>
-
-      {/* Tool info */}
-      <div className="px-3 pb-2 space-y-1.5">
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-          <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/40 uppercase tracking-wider">{t('ai.chat.toolLabel')}</span>
-          <code className="text-[11px] font-mono text-muted-foreground/70 bg-muted/30 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded">
-            {toolName}
-          </code>
-        </div>
-
-        {sessionId && (
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/40 uppercase tracking-wider">{t('ai.chat.targetLabel')}</span>
-            <code className="text-[11px] font-mono text-muted-foreground/50 bg-muted/30 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded">
-              {sessionId}
-            </code>
-          </div>
-        )}
-
-        {/* Arguments */}
-        <div className="rounded border border-border/20 bg-muted/10 p-2 max-h-32 overflow-auto">
-          <pre className="text-[11px] font-mono whitespace-pre-wrap break-all text-muted-foreground/50">
-            {formattedArgs}
-          </pre>
-        </div>
-
-        {/* Actions or hint */}
-        {isPending && (
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-between pt-0.5">
-            <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground/30">
-              {t('ai.chat.toolApprovalHint')}
-            </span>
-            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-              <Button
-                variant="outline"
-                size="sm"
-                disabled={responded}
-                className={`h-6 px-2 text-[11px] border-red-500/20 text-red-400/80 hover:bg-red-500/10 hover:text-red-400 ${responded ? 'opacity-50 cursor-not-allowed' : ''}`}
-                onClick={handleReject}
-              >
-                <X size={11} className="mr-0.5" />
-                {t('ai.chat.reject')}
-              </Button>
-              <Button
-                ref={approveBtnRef}
-                size="sm"
-                disabled={responded}
-                className={`h-6 px-2.5 text-[11px] bg-green-600/80 hover:bg-green-600 text-white ${responded ? 'opacity-50 cursor-not-allowed' : ''}`}
-                onClick={handleApprove}
-              >
-                <Check size={11} className="mr-0.5" />
-                {t('ai.chat.approve')}
-              </Button>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        )}
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  );
-};
-
-InlineApprovalCard.displayName = 'InlineApprovalCard';
-
-export default InlineApprovalCard;
-export { InlineApprovalCard };
-export type { InlineApprovalCardProps };
--- a/components/ai/hooks/useAIChatStreaming.ts
+++ b/components/ai/hooks/useAIChatStreaming.ts
@@ -64,16 +64,30 @@ interface ToolResultChunk {
  result?: unknown;
 }

-/** Shape of a tool-approval-request chunk from the Vercel AI SDK fullStream. */
-interface ToolApprovalRequestChunk {
-  type: 'tool-approval-request';
-  approvalId: string;
-  toolCall: {
-    toolCallId: string;
-    toolName: string;
-    args?: Record<string, unknown>;
-    input?: Record<string, unknown>;
-  };
+/** Detect tool results that represent errors/denials (e.g. `{ error: "..." }` or `{ ok: false }`) */
+function isToolResultError(output: unknown): boolean {
+  if (output == null) return false;
+  
+  if (typeof output === 'object') {
+    const obj = output as Record<string, unknown>;
+    // Check for explicit error objects
+    if ('error' in obj && typeof obj.error === 'string') return true;
+    if ('ok' in obj && obj.ok === false) return true;
+  }
+  
+  // Check stringified JSON (common for tool result wrapping)
+  if (typeof output === 'string') {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(output);
+      if (parsed && typeof parsed === 'object') {
+        const parsedObj = parsed as Record<string, unknown>;
+        if ('error' in parsedObj && typeof parsedObj.error === 'string') return true;
+        if ('ok' in parsedObj && parsedObj.ok === false) return true;
+      }
+    } catch { /* not JSON, not an error */ }
+  }
+  
+  return false;
 }

 /** Shape of an error chunk from the Vercel AI SDK fullStream. */
@@ -88,9 +102,8 @@ type StreamChunk =
  | ReasoningChunk
  | ToolCallChunk
  | ToolResultChunk
-  | ToolApprovalRequestChunk
  | ErrorChunk
-  | { type: 'reasoning-end' | 'text-start' | 'text-end' | 'start' | 'finish' | 'start-step' | 'finish-step' };
+  | { type: 'reasoning-end' | 'text-start' | 'text-end' | 'start' | 'finish' | 'start-step' | 'finish-step' | 'tool-approval-request' };

 /** Shape of the netcatty bridge exposed on `window` (panel-specific subset). */
 export interface PanelBridge extends NetcattyBridge {
@@ -110,6 +123,8 @@ export interface TerminalSessionInfo {
  label: string;
  os?: string;
  username?: string;
+  protocol?: string;
+  shellType?: string;
  connected: boolean;
 }

@@ -119,27 +134,8 @@ export function getNetcattyBridge(): PanelBridge | undefined {
  return (window as any).netcatty as PanelBridge | undefined;
 }

-/** Approval info returned by processCattyStream when a tool-approval-request is received. */
-export interface ApprovalInfo {
-  approvalId: string;
-  toolCallId: string;
-  toolName: string;
-  toolArgs: Record<string, unknown>;
-}
-
-/** Pending approval context stored between approval request and user response. */
-export interface PendingApprovalContext {
-  sessionId: string;
-  scopeKey: string;
-  sdkMessages: Array<ModelMessage>;
-  approvalInfo: ApprovalInfo;
-  model: ReturnType<typeof createModelFromConfig>;
-  systemPrompt: string;
-  tools: ReturnType<typeof createCattyTools>;
-  scopeType: 'terminal' | 'workspace';
-  scopeLabel?: string;
-  getExecutorContext: () => ExecutorContext;
-}
+// ApprovalInfo and PendingApprovalContext removed — approval is now handled
+// inside the tool's execute function via the approvalGate module.

 function generateId(): string {
  return `msg-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`;
@@ -181,7 +177,7 @@ export interface UseAIChatStreamingReturn {
  setStreamingForScope: (key: string, val: boolean) => void;
  /** Ref to per-session abort controllers. */
  abortControllersRef: React.MutableRefObject<Map<string, AbortController>>;
-  /** Process a Catty agent stream, returning approval info if one is requested. */
+  /** Process a Catty agent stream. */
  processCattyStream: (
    streamSessionId: string,
    model: ReturnType<typeof createModelFromConfig>,
@@ -190,7 +186,7 @@ export interface UseAIChatStreamingReturn {
    sdkMessages: Array<ModelMessage>,
    signal: AbortSignal,
    currentAssistantMsgId: string,
-  ) => Promise<ApprovalInfo | null>;
+  ) => Promise<void>;
  /** Send a message to the Catty agent (built-in). */
  sendToCattyAgent: (
    sessionId: string,
@@ -227,7 +223,6 @@ export interface SendToCattyContext {
  terminalSessions: TerminalSessionInfo[];
  webSearchConfig?: WebSearchConfig | null;
  getExecutorContext?: () => ExecutorContext;
-  setPendingApproval: (ctx: PendingApprovalContext | null) => void;
  autoTitleSession: (sessionId: string, text: string) => void;
 }

@@ -325,7 +320,7 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
    sdkMessages: Array<ModelMessage>,
    signal: AbortSignal,
    currentAssistantMsgId: string,
-  ): Promise<ApprovalInfo | null> => {
+  ): Promise<void> => {
    const result = streamText({
      model,
      messages: sdkMessages,
@@ -339,7 +334,6 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
    let activeMsgId = currentAssistantMsgId;
    let lastAddedRole: 'assistant' | 'tool' = 'assistant';
    const reader = result.fullStream.getReader();
-    let pendingApprovalInfo: ApprovalInfo | null = null;

    // -- Text-delta batching: accumulate deltas and flush periodically --
    let pendingText = '';
@@ -457,6 +451,7 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
              ? { ...msg, executionStatus: 'completed', statusText: undefined } : msg,
          );
          const toolOutput = typedChunk.output ?? typedChunk.result;
+          const toolError = isToolResultError(toolOutput);
          addMessageToSession(streamSessionId, {
            id: generateId(),
            role: 'tool',
@@ -466,7 +461,7 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
              content: typeof toolOutput === 'string'
                ? toolOutput
                : JSON.stringify(toolOutput),
-              isError: false,
+              isError: toolError,
            }],
            timestamp: Date.now(),
            executionStatus: 'completed',
@@ -474,25 +469,9 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
          lastAddedRole = 'tool';
          break;
        }
-        case 'tool-approval-request': {
-          cancelPendingFlush();
-          flushText();
-          const typedChunk = chunk as ToolApprovalRequestChunk;
-          pendingApprovalInfo = {
-            approvalId: typedChunk.approvalId,
-            toolCallId: typedChunk.toolCall.toolCallId,
-            toolName: typedChunk.toolCall.toolName,
-            toolArgs: typedChunk.toolCall.args ?? typedChunk.toolCall.input ?? {},
-          };
-          updateMessageById(streamSessionId, activeMsgId, msg => ({
-            ...msg,
-            pendingApproval: {
-              ...pendingApprovalInfo!,
-              status: 'pending' as const,
-            },
-          }));
-          break;
-        }
+        // tool-approval-request is no longer handled here — approval is now
+        // inside the tool's execute function via the approvalGate module.
+        // The SDK may still emit this chunk type but we simply ignore it.
        case 'error': {
          cancelPendingFlush();
          flushText();
@@ -524,7 +503,7 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
      flushText();
      reader.releaseLock();
    }
-    return pendingApprovalInfo;
+    return;
  }, [maxIterations, addMessageToSession, updateMessageById]);

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -613,9 +592,10 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
                : msg.toolCalls;
              return { ...msg, toolCalls: updatedToolCalls, executionStatus: 'completed', statusText: undefined };
            });
+            const toolError = isToolResultError(result);
            addMessageToSession(sessionId, {
              id: generateId(), role: 'tool', content: '',
-              toolResults: [{ toolCallId, content: result, isError: false }],
+              toolResults: [{ toolCallId, content: result, isError: toolError }],
              timestamp: Date.now(), executionStatus: 'completed',
            });
            needsNewAssistantMsg = true;
@@ -689,13 +669,18 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
      context.commandBlocklist,
      context.globalPermissionMode,
      context.webSearchConfig ?? undefined,
+      sessionId,
    );

    const systemPrompt = buildSystemPrompt({
      scopeType: context.scopeType, scopeLabel: context.scopeLabel,
      hosts: context.terminalSessions.map(s => ({
        sessionId: s.sessionId, hostname: s.hostname, label: s.label,
-        os: s.os, username: s.username, connected: s.connected,
+        os: s.os,
+        username: s.username,
+        protocol: s.protocol,
+        shellType: s.shellType,
+        connected: s.connected,
      })),
      permissionMode: context.globalPermissionMode,
      webSearchEnabled: isWebSearchReady(context.webSearchConfig),
@@ -819,23 +804,7 @@ export function useAIChatStreaming({
        sdkMessages.push({ role: 'user', content: trimmed });
      }

-      const approvalInfo = await processCattyStream(sessionId, model, systemPrompt, tools, sdkMessages, abortController.signal, assistantMsgId);
-
-      if (approvalInfo) {
-        context.setPendingApproval({
-          sessionId,
-          scopeKey: sendScopeKey,
-          sdkMessages,
-          approvalInfo,
-          model,
-          systemPrompt,
-          tools,
-          scopeType: context.scopeType,
-          scopeLabel: context.scopeLabel,
-          getExecutorContext,
-        });
-        return; // Keep streaming flag — waiting for user approval
-      }
+      await processCattyStream(sessionId, model, systemPrompt, tools, sdkMessages, abortController.signal, assistantMsgId);
    } catch (err) {
      console.error('[Catty] streamText error:', err);
      reportStreamError(sessionId, abortController.signal, err);
--- a/components/ai/hooks/useToolApproval.ts
+++ b/components/ai/hooks/useToolApproval.ts
@@ -1,298 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * useToolApproval — Encapsulates the tool approval workflow for the AI chat panel.
- *
- * Handles:
- * - Pending approval context management
- * - Approval timeout (auto-clear after 5 minutes)
- * - handleApprovalResponse (approve/reject from InlineApprovalCard)
- * - Resuming the Catty stream after approval
- */
-
-import React, { useCallback, useRef } from 'react';
-import type { ModelMessage } from 'ai';
-import type {
-  AIPermissionMode,
-  ChatMessage,
-  WebSearchConfig,
-} from '../../../infrastructure/ai/types';
-import { isWebSearchReady } from '../../../infrastructure/ai/types';
-import { buildSystemPrompt } from '../../../infrastructure/ai/cattyAgent/systemPrompt';
-import { createCattyTools } from '../../../infrastructure/ai/sdk/tools';
-import { classifyError } from '../../../infrastructure/ai/errorClassifier';
-import type {
-  ApprovalInfo,
-  PendingApprovalContext,
-} from './useAIChatStreaming';
-import { getNetcattyBridge } from './useAIChatStreaming';
-import type { createModelFromConfig } from '../../../infrastructure/ai/sdk/providers';
-
-function generateId(): string {
-  return `msg-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`;
-}
-
-let sharedPendingApprovalContext: PendingApprovalContext | null = null;
-let sharedPendingApprovalTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
-
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Hook parameters
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-export interface UseToolApprovalParams {
-  addMessageToSession: (sessionId: string, message: ChatMessage) => void;
-  updateLastMessage: (sessionId: string, updater: (msg: ChatMessage) => ChatMessage) => void;
-  updateMessageById: (sessionId: string, messageId: string, updater: (msg: ChatMessage) => ChatMessage) => void;
-  setStreamingForScope: (key: string, val: boolean) => void;
-  abortControllersRef: React.MutableRefObject<Map<string, AbortController>>;
-  processCattyStream: (
-    streamSessionId: string,
-    model: ReturnType<typeof createModelFromConfig>,
-    systemPrompt: string,
-    tools: ReturnType<typeof createCattyTools>,
-    sdkMessages: Array<ModelMessage>,
-    signal: AbortSignal,
-    currentAssistantMsgId: string,
-  ) => Promise<ApprovalInfo | null>;
-  t: (key: string) => string;
-}
-
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Hook return type
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-export interface UseToolApprovalReturn {
-  /** Ref to the current pending approval context (null when none). */
-  pendingApprovalContextRef: React.MutableRefObject<PendingApprovalContext | null>;
-  /** Set or clear the pending approval context (manages timeout). */
-  setPendingApproval: (ctx: PendingApprovalContext | null) => void;
-  /** Handle a user's approve/reject response from InlineApprovalCard. */
-  handleApprovalResponse: (
-    messageId: string,
-    approved: boolean,
-    approvalContext: ToolApprovalContext,
-  ) => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-/** Context values needed by handleApprovalResponse that change frequently. */
-export interface ToolApprovalContext {
-  globalPermissionMode: AIPermissionMode;
-  commandBlocklist?: string[];
-  webSearchConfig?: WebSearchConfig | null;
-}
-
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Hook implementation
-// -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-export function useToolApproval({
-  addMessageToSession,
-  updateLastMessage,
-  updateMessageById,
-  setStreamingForScope,
-  abortControllersRef,
-  processCattyStream,
-  t,
-}: UseToolApprovalParams): UseToolApprovalReturn {
-  // Pending approval context — stores SDK state needed to resume after user approves/rejects
-  const pendingApprovalContextRef = useRef<PendingApprovalContext | null>(sharedPendingApprovalContext);
-  pendingApprovalContextRef.current = sharedPendingApprovalContext;
-
-  /** Set pending approval context with a 5-minute auto-clear timeout. */
-  const setPendingApproval = useCallback((ctx: PendingApprovalContext | null) => {
-    // Clear any existing timeout
-    if (sharedPendingApprovalTimeout) {
-      clearTimeout(sharedPendingApprovalTimeout);
-      sharedPendingApprovalTimeout = null;
-    }
-    sharedPendingApprovalContext = ctx;
-    pendingApprovalContextRef.current = ctx;
-    if (ctx) {
-      sharedPendingApprovalTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
-        // Auto-clear after 5 minutes if user never responds
-        if (sharedPendingApprovalContext?.sessionId === ctx.sessionId) {
-          sharedPendingApprovalContext = null;
-          pendingApprovalContextRef.current = null;
-          setStreamingForScope(ctx.sessionId, false);
-          abortControllersRef.current.get(ctx.sessionId)?.abort();
-          abortControllersRef.current.delete(ctx.sessionId);
-          // Notify the user that the approval timed out
-          updateLastMessage(ctx.sessionId, msg => ({
-            ...msg,
-            statusText: '',
-            executionStatus: msg.executionStatus === 'running' ? 'failed' : msg.executionStatus,
-          }));
-          addMessageToSession(ctx.sessionId, {
-            id: generateId(),
-            role: 'assistant',
-            content: t('ai.chat.approvalTimeout'),
-            timestamp: Date.now(),
-          });
-        }
-        sharedPendingApprovalTimeout = null;
-      }, 5 * 60 * 1000); // 5 minutes
-    }
-  }, [setStreamingForScope, abortControllersRef, updateLastMessage, addMessageToSession, t]);
-
-  // Handle inline approval response (approve/reject from InlineApprovalCard)
-  const handleApprovalResponse = useCallback(async (
-    messageId: string,
-    approved: boolean,
-    approvalContext: ToolApprovalContext,
-  ) => {
-    const ctx = pendingApprovalContextRef.current;
-    if (!ctx) return;
-    // Destructure all needed values BEFORE clearing the ref to avoid race conditions
-    const {
-      sessionId: sid,
-      scopeKey: sk,
-      sdkMessages,
-      approvalInfo,
-      model: ctxModel,
-      scopeType,
-      scopeLabel,
-      getExecutorContext,
-    } = ctx;
-    // Clear pending approval (and its timeout) via setPendingApproval
-    setPendingApproval(null);
-
-    // Update the message's pendingApproval status using message ID
-    updateMessageById(sid, messageId, msg => ({
-      ...msg,
-      pendingApproval: msg.pendingApproval
-        ? { ...msg.pendingApproval, status: approved ? 'approved' as const : 'denied' as const }
-        : undefined,
-    }));
-
-    if (!approved) {
-      // User rejected — add denial text and stop
-      updateMessageById(sid, messageId, msg => ({
-        ...msg,
-        content: msg.content + (msg.content ? '\n\n' : '') + t('ai.chat.toolDenied'),
-        statusText: '',
-        executionStatus: 'completed',
-      }));
-      setStreamingForScope(sid, false);
-      abortControllersRef.current.delete(sid);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // User approved — construct SDK messages with approval response and resume
-    const resumeMessages: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [
-      ...sdkMessages,
-      // The assistant message that contained the tool call + approval request
-      {
-        role: 'assistant',
-        content: [
-          {
-            type: 'tool-call',
-            toolCallId: approvalInfo.toolCallId,
-            toolName: approvalInfo.toolName,
-            input: approvalInfo.toolArgs,
-          },
-          {
-            type: 'tool-approval-request',
-            approvalId: approvalInfo.approvalId,
-            toolCallId: approvalInfo.toolCallId,
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-      // The user's approval response
-      {
-        role: 'tool',
-        content: [
-          {
-            type: 'tool-approval-response',
-            approvalId: approvalInfo.approvalId,
-            approved: true,
-          },
-        ],
-      },
-    ];
-
-    // Create a new assistant message placeholder for the continuation
-    const newAssistantMsgId = generateId();
-    addMessageToSession(sid, {
-      id: newAssistantMsgId,
-      role: 'assistant',
-      content: '',
-      timestamp: Date.now(),
-    });
-
-    const abortController = new AbortController();
-    abortControllersRef.current.set(sid, abortController);
-
-    try {
-      // Rebuild tools and system prompt with the latest permission mode to prevent
-      // stale settings, while keeping the original AI scope pinned to its workspace/session.
-      const bridge = getNetcattyBridge();
-      const freshExecutorContext = getExecutorContext();
-      const freshTools = createCattyTools(
-        bridge,
-        getExecutorContext,
-        approvalContext.commandBlocklist,
-        approvalContext.globalPermissionMode,
-        approvalContext.webSearchConfig ?? undefined,
-      );
-      const freshSystemPrompt = buildSystemPrompt({
-        scopeType,
-        scopeLabel,
-        hosts: freshExecutorContext.sessions.map(s => ({
-          sessionId: s.sessionId, hostname: s.hostname, label: s.label,
-          os: s.os, username: s.username, connected: s.connected,
-        })),
-        permissionMode: approvalContext.globalPermissionMode,
-        webSearchEnabled: isWebSearchReady(approvalContext.webSearchConfig),
-      });
-      const newApprovalInfo = await processCattyStream(sid, ctxModel, freshSystemPrompt, freshTools, resumeMessages as unknown as ModelMessage[], abortController.signal, newAssistantMsgId);
-
-      if (newApprovalInfo) {
-        // Another approval needed — save context for the next round (with timeout)
-        setPendingApproval({
-          sessionId: sid,
-          scopeKey: sk,
-          sdkMessages: resumeMessages,
-          approvalInfo: newApprovalInfo,
-          model: ctxModel,
-          systemPrompt: freshSystemPrompt,
-          tools: freshTools,
-          scopeType,
-          scopeLabel,
-          getExecutorContext,
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.error('[Catty resume] streamText error:', err);
-      if (!abortController.signal.aborted) {
-        const errorStr = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
-        updateMessageById(sid, newAssistantMsgId, msg => ({
-          ...msg,
-          statusText: '',
-          executionStatus: msg.executionStatus === 'running' ? 'failed' : msg.executionStatus,
-        }));
-        addMessageToSession(sid, {
-          id: generateId(),
-          role: 'assistant',
-          content: '',
-          errorInfo: classifyError(errorStr),
-          timestamp: Date.now(),
-        });
-      }
-    } finally {
-      if (!pendingApprovalContextRef.current || pendingApprovalContextRef.current.sessionId !== sid) {
-        // Clear any lingering statusText when the resumed stream finishes
-        updateLastMessage(sid, msg => msg.statusText ? { ...msg, statusText: '' } : msg);
-        setStreamingForScope(sid, false);
-        abortControllersRef.current.delete(sid);
-      }
-    }
-  }, [
-    processCattyStream, addMessageToSession, updateMessageById, updateLastMessage,
-    setStreamingForScope, abortControllersRef, t, setPendingApproval,
-  ]);
-
-  return {
-    pendingApprovalContextRef,
-    setPendingApproval,
-    handleApprovalResponse,
-  };
-}
--- a/components/settings/tabs/ai/types.ts
+++ b/components/settings/tabs/ai/types.ts
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export const AGENT_DEFAULTS: Record<string, Omit<ExternalAgentConfig, "id" | "co
    name: "Claude Code",
    args: ["-p", "--output-format", "text", "{prompt}"],
    icon: "claude",
-    acpCommand: "claude-code-acp",
+    acpCommand: "claude-agent-acp",
    acpArgs: [],
  },
 };
--- a/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalDialogs.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalDialogs.tsx
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
-import React from "react";
-import { Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
-import { Button } from "../ui/button";
-import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogFooter, DialogHeader, DialogTitle } from "../ui/dialog";
-import { Input } from "../ui/input";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../types";
-
-interface PermissionsState {
-  owner: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-  group: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-  others: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-}
-
-interface SftpModalDialogsProps {
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  showRenameDialog: boolean;
-  setShowRenameDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  renameTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  renameName: string;
-  setRenameName: (value: string) => void;
-  handleRename: () => void;
-  isRenaming: boolean;
-  showPermissionsDialog: boolean;
-  setShowPermissionsDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  permissionsTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  permissions: PermissionsState;
-  togglePermission: (role: "owner" | "group" | "others", perm: "read" | "write" | "execute") => void;
-  getOctalPermissions: () => string;
-  getSymbolicPermissions: () => string;
-  handleSavePermissions: () => void;
-  isChangingPermissions: boolean;
-  showCreateDialog: boolean;
-  setShowCreateDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  createType: "file" | "folder";
-  createName: string;
-  setCreateName: (value: string) => void;
-  isCreating: boolean;
-  handleCreateSubmit: () => void;
-}
-
-export const SftpModalDialogs: React.FC<SftpModalDialogsProps> = ({
-  t,
-  showRenameDialog,
-  setShowRenameDialog,
-  renameTarget,
-  renameName,
-  setRenameName,
-  handleRename,
-  isRenaming,
-  showPermissionsDialog,
-  setShowPermissionsDialog,
-  permissionsTarget,
-  permissions,
-  togglePermission,
-  getOctalPermissions,
-  getSymbolicPermissions,
-  handleSavePermissions,
-  isChangingPermissions,
-  showCreateDialog,
-  setShowCreateDialog,
-  createType,
-  createName,
-  setCreateName,
-  isCreating,
-  handleCreateSubmit,
-}) => (
-  <>
-    <Dialog open={showRenameDialog} onOpenChange={setShowRenameDialog}>
-      <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[400px]">
-        <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle>{t("sftp.rename.title")}</DialogTitle>
-          <DialogDescription className="truncate">
-            {renameTarget?.name}
-          </DialogDescription>
-        </DialogHeader>
-        <div className="py-4">
-          <Input
-            value={renameName}
-            onChange={(e) => setRenameName(e.target.value)}
-            placeholder={t("sftp.rename.placeholder")}
-            onKeyDown={(e) => {
-              if (e.key === "Enter") handleRename();
-            }}
-            autoFocus
-          />
-        </div>
-        <DialogFooter>
-          <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setShowRenameDialog(false)}>
-            {t("common.cancel")}
-          </Button>
-          <Button onClick={handleRename} disabled={isRenaming || !renameName.trim()}>
-            {isRenaming ? <Loader2 size={14} className="mr-2 animate-spin" /> : null}
-            {t("common.apply")}
-          </Button>
-        </DialogFooter>
-      </DialogContent>
-    </Dialog>
-
-    <Dialog open={showPermissionsDialog} onOpenChange={setShowPermissionsDialog}>
-      <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[400px]">
-        <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle>{t("sftp.permissions.title")}</DialogTitle>
-          <DialogDescription className="truncate">
-            {permissionsTarget?.name}
-          </DialogDescription>
-        </DialogHeader>
-        <div className="space-y-4 py-4">
-          <div className="space-y-3">
-            {(["owner", "group", "others"] as const).map((role) => (
-              <div key={role} className="flex items-center gap-4">
-                <div className="w-16 text-sm font-medium">
-                  {t(`sftp.permissions.${role}`)}
-                </div>
-                <div className="flex gap-3">
-                  {(["read", "write", "execute"] as const).map((perm) => (
-                    <label key={perm} className="flex items-center gap-1.5 cursor-pointer">
-                      <input
-                        type="checkbox"
-                        checked={permissions[role][perm]}
-                        onChange={() => togglePermission(role, perm)}
-                        className="rounded border-border"
-                      />
-                      <span className="text-xs">
-                        {perm === "read" ? "R" : perm === "write" ? "W" : "X"}
-                      </span>
-                    </label>
-                  ))}
-                </div>
-              </div>
-            ))}
-          </div>
-          <div className="flex items-center justify-between pt-2 border-t border-border/60">
-            <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              {t("sftp.permissions.octal")}: <span className="font-mono text-foreground">{getOctalPermissions()}</span>
-            </div>
-            <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-              {t("sftp.permissions.symbolic")}: <span className="font-mono text-foreground">{getSymbolicPermissions()}</span>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-        <DialogFooter>
-          <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setShowPermissionsDialog(false)}>
-            {t("common.cancel")}
-          </Button>
-          <Button onClick={handleSavePermissions} disabled={isChangingPermissions}>
-            {isChangingPermissions ? <Loader2 size={14} className="mr-2 animate-spin" /> : null}
-            {t("common.apply")}
-          </Button>
-        </DialogFooter>
-      </DialogContent>
-    </Dialog>
-
-    <Dialog open={showCreateDialog} onOpenChange={setShowCreateDialog}>
-      <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[400px]">
-        <DialogHeader>
-          <DialogTitle>
-            {t(createType === "folder" ? "sftp.newFolder" : "sftp.newFile")}
-          </DialogTitle>
-          <DialogDescription>
-            {t(createType === "folder" ? "sftp.prompt.newFolderName" : "sftp.fileName.placeholder")}
-          </DialogDescription>
-        </DialogHeader>
-        <div className="py-4">
-          <Input
-            value={createName}
-            onChange={(e) => setCreateName(e.target.value)}
-            placeholder={t(createType === "folder" ? "sftp.prompt.newFolderName" : "sftp.fileName.placeholder")}
-            onKeyDown={(e) => {
-              if (e.key === "Enter") handleCreateSubmit();
-            }}
-            autoFocus
-          />
-        </div>
-        <DialogFooter>
-          <Button variant="outline" onClick={() => setShowCreateDialog(false)}>
-            {t("common.cancel")}
-          </Button>
-          <Button onClick={handleCreateSubmit} disabled={isCreating || !createName.trim()}>
-            {isCreating ? <Loader2 size={14} className="mr-2 animate-spin" /> : null}
-            {t("common.apply")}
-          </Button>
-        </DialogFooter>
-      </DialogContent>
-    </Dialog>
-  </>
-);
--- a/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalFileList.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalFileList.tsx
@@ -1,438 +0,0 @@
-import React from "react";
-import { Download, Edit2, Folder, FolderOpen, FolderUp, Link, Loader2, MoreHorizontal, Plus, RefreshCw, Shield, Trash2, Upload } from "lucide-react";
-import { cn } from "../../lib/utils";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../types";
-import { isKnownBinaryFile } from "../../lib/sftpFileUtils";
-import { ContextMenu, ContextMenuContent, ContextMenuItem, ContextMenuSeparator, ContextMenuTrigger } from "../ui/context-menu";
-import { Button } from "../ui/button";
-import { getFileIcon } from "./fileIcons";
-
-interface VisibleRow {
-  file: RemoteFile;
-  index: number;
-  top: number;
-}
-
-interface SftpModalFileListProps {
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  hasFiles: boolean;
-  hasDisplayFiles: boolean;
-  selectedFiles: Set<string>;
-  dragActive: boolean;
-  loading: boolean;
-  loadingTextContent: boolean;
-  reconnecting: boolean;
-  columnWidths: { name: number; size: number; modified: number; actions: number };
-  sortField: "name" | "size" | "modified";
-  sortOrder: "asc" | "desc";
-  shouldVirtualize: boolean;
-  totalHeight: number;
-  visibleRows: VisibleRow[];
-  fileListRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
-  inputRef: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
-  folderInputRef: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
-  handleSort: (field: "name" | "size" | "modified") => void;
-  handleResizeStart: (field: string, e: React.MouseEvent) => void;
-  handleFileListScroll: (e: React.UIEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => void;
-  handleDrag: (e: React.DragEvent) => void;
-  handleDrop: (e: React.DragEvent) => void;
-  handleFileClick: (file: RemoteFile, index: number, e: React.MouseEvent) => void;
-  handleFileDoubleClick: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleDownload: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleDelete: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleOpenFile: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  openFileOpenerDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleEditFile: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  openRenameDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  openPermissionsDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleNavigate: (path: string) => void;
-  handleCreateFolder: () => void;
-  handleCreateFile: () => void;
-  handleDownloadSelected: () => void;
-  handleDeleteSelected: () => void;
-  loadFiles: (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => void;
-  formatBytes: (bytes: number | string) => string;
-  formatDate: (dateStr: string | number | undefined) => string;
-}
-
-export const SftpModalFileList: React.FC<SftpModalFileListProps> = ({
-  t,
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  hasFiles,
-  hasDisplayFiles,
-  selectedFiles,
-  dragActive,
-  loading,
-  loadingTextContent,
-  reconnecting,
-  columnWidths,
-  sortField,
-  sortOrder,
-  shouldVirtualize,
-  totalHeight,
-  visibleRows,
-  fileListRef,
-  inputRef,
-  folderInputRef,
-  handleSort,
-  handleResizeStart,
-  handleFileListScroll,
-  handleDrag,
-  handleDrop,
-  handleFileClick,
-  handleFileDoubleClick,
-  handleDownload,
-  handleDelete,
-  handleOpenFile,
-  openFileOpenerDialog,
-  handleEditFile,
-  openRenameDialog,
-  openPermissionsDialog,
-  handleNavigate,
-  handleCreateFolder,
-  handleCreateFile,
-  handleDownloadSelected,
-  handleDeleteSelected,
-  loadFiles,
-  formatBytes,
-  formatDate,
-}) => (
-  <>
-    <div
-      className="shrink-0 bg-muted/80 backdrop-blur-sm border-b border-border/60 px-4 py-2 flex items-center text-xs font-medium text-muted-foreground select-none"
-      style={{
-        display: "grid",
-        gridTemplateColumns: `${columnWidths.name}% ${columnWidths.size}% ${columnWidths.modified}% ${columnWidths.actions}%`,
-      }}
-    >
-      <div
-        className="flex items-center gap-1 cursor-pointer hover:text-foreground relative pr-2"
-        onClick={() => handleSort("name")}
-      >
-        <span>{t("sftp.columns.name")}</span>
-        {sortField === "name" && (
-          <span className="text-primary">{sortOrder === "asc" ? "^" : "v"}</span>
-        )}
-        <div
-          className="absolute right-0 top-0 bottom-0 w-1 cursor-col-resize hover:bg-primary/50 transition-colors"
-          onMouseDown={(e) => handleResizeStart("name", e)}
-        />
-      </div>
-      <div
-        className="flex items-center gap-1 cursor-pointer hover:text-foreground relative pr-2"
-        onClick={() => handleSort("size")}
-      >
-        <span>{t("sftp.columns.size")}</span>
-        {sortField === "size" && (
-          <span className="text-primary">{sortOrder === "asc" ? "^" : "v"}</span>
-        )}
-        <div
-          className="absolute right-0 top-0 bottom-0 w-1 cursor-col-resize hover:bg-primary/50 transition-colors"
-          onMouseDown={(e) => handleResizeStart("size", e)}
-        />
-      </div>
-      <div
-        className="flex items-center gap-1 cursor-pointer hover:text-foreground relative pr-2"
-        onClick={() => handleSort("modified")}
-      >
-        <span>{t("sftp.columns.modified")}</span>
-        {sortField === "modified" && (
-          <span className="text-primary">{sortOrder === "asc" ? "^" : "v"}</span>
-        )}
-        <div
-          className="absolute right-0 top-0 bottom-0 w-1 cursor-col-resize hover:bg-primary/50 transition-colors"
-          onMouseDown={(e) => handleResizeStart("modified", e)}
-        />
-      </div>
-      <div className="text-right">{t("sftp.columns.actions")}</div>
-    </div>
-
-    <div
-      ref={fileListRef}
-      className={cn(
-        "flex-1 min-h-0 overflow-y-auto relative",
-        dragActive && "bg-primary/5 ring-2 ring-inset ring-primary",
-      )}
-      onScroll={handleFileListScroll}
-      onDragEnter={handleDrag}
-      onDragLeave={handleDrag}
-      onDragOver={handleDrag}
-      onDrop={handleDrop}
-    >
-      {dragActive && (
-        <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center pointer-events-none z-10">
-          <div className="bg-background/95 p-6 rounded-xl shadow-lg border-2 border-dashed border-primary text-primary font-medium flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
-            <Upload size={32} />
-            <span>{t("sftp.dropFilesHere")}</span>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      {loading && !hasFiles && (
-        <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center bg-background/80">
-          <Loader2 className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin text-muted-foreground" />
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      {loadingTextContent && (
-        <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center bg-background/80 z-20">
-          <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-2">
-            <Loader2 className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin text-muted-foreground" />
-            <span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-              {t("sftp.status.loading")}
-            </span>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      {reconnecting && (
-        <div className="absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center bg-background/80 backdrop-blur-sm z-20">
-          <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 p-6 rounded-xl bg-secondary/90 border border-border/60 shadow-lg">
-            <Loader2 className="h-8 w-8 animate-spin text-primary" />
-            <div className="text-center">
-              <div className="text-sm font-medium">{t("sftp.reconnecting.title")}</div>
-              <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mt-1">
-                {t("sftp.reconnecting.desc")}
-              </div>
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      {!hasDisplayFiles && !loading && (
-        <div className="flex flex-col items-center justify-center h-full text-muted-foreground">
-          <Folder size={48} className="mb-3 opacity-50" />
-          <div className="text-sm font-medium">{t("sftp.emptyDirectory")}</div>
-          <div className="text-xs mt-1">{t("sftp.dragDropToUpload")}</div>
-        </div>
-      )}
-
-      <ContextMenu>
-        <ContextMenuTrigger asChild>
-          <div
-            className={shouldVirtualize ? "relative" : "divide-y divide-border/30"}
-            style={shouldVirtualize ? { height: totalHeight } : undefined}
-          >
-            {visibleRows.map(({ file, index: idx, top }) => {
-              const isNavigableDirectory =
-                file.type === "directory" ||
-                (file.type === "symlink" && file.linkTarget === "directory");
-              const isDownloadableFile =
-                file.type === "file" ||
-                (file.type === "symlink" && file.linkTarget === "file");
-              const isParentEntry = file.name === "..";
-
-              return (
-                <ContextMenu key={file.name}>
-                  <ContextMenuTrigger>
-                    <div
-                      data-sftp-modal-row="true"
-                      className={cn(
-                        "px-4 py-2.5 items-center hover:bg-muted/50 cursor-pointer transition-colors text-sm",
-                        selectedFiles.has(file.name) && !isParentEntry && "bg-primary/10",
-                        shouldVirtualize ? "absolute left-0 right-0 border-b border-border/30" : "",
-                      )}
-                      style={
-                        shouldVirtualize
-                          ? {
-                            top,
-                            display: "grid",
-                            gridTemplateColumns: `${columnWidths.name}% ${columnWidths.size}% ${columnWidths.modified}% ${columnWidths.actions}%`,
-                          }
-                          : {
-                            display: "grid",
-                            gridTemplateColumns: `${columnWidths.name}% ${columnWidths.size}% ${columnWidths.modified}% ${columnWidths.actions}%`,
-                          }
-                      }
-                      onClick={(e) => handleFileClick(file, idx, e)}
-                      onDoubleClick={() => handleFileDoubleClick(file)}
-                    >
-                      <div className="flex items-center gap-3 min-w-0">
-                        <div className="relative shrink-0 h-7 w-7 flex items-center justify-center">
-                          {getFileIcon(
-                            file.name,
-                            isNavigableDirectory,
-                            file.type === "symlink" && !isNavigableDirectory,
-                          )}
-                          {file.type === "symlink" && (
-                            <Link
-                              size={10}
-                              className="absolute -bottom-0.5 -right-0.5 text-muted-foreground"
-                              aria-hidden="true"
-                            />
-                          )}
-                        </div>
-                        <span
-                          className={cn(
-                            "truncate font-medium",
-                            file.type === "symlink" && "italic pr-1",
-                          )}
-                        >
-                          {file.name}
-                          {file.type === "symlink" && (
-                            <span className="sr-only"> (symbolic link)</span>
-                          )}
-                        </span>
-                      </div>
-                      <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                        {isNavigableDirectory ? "--" : formatBytes(file.size)}
-                      </div>
-                      <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate">
-                        {formatDate(file.lastModified)}
-                      </div>
-                      <div className="flex items-center justify-end gap-1">
-                        {isDownloadableFile && (
-                          <Button
-                            variant="ghost"
-                            size="icon"
-                            className="h-7 w-7"
-                            onClick={(e) => {
-                              e.stopPropagation();
-                              handleDownload(file);
-                            }}
-                            title={t("sftp.context.download")}
-                          >
-                            <Download size={14} />
-                          </Button>
-                        )}
-                        {!isParentEntry && (
-                          <Button
-                            variant="ghost"
-                            size="icon"
-                            className="h-7 w-7 hover:text-destructive"
-                            onClick={(e) => {
-                              e.stopPropagation();
-                              handleDelete(file);
-                            }}
-                            title={t("sftp.context.delete")}
-                          >
-                            <Trash2 size={14} />
-                          </Button>
-                        )}
-                      </div>
-                    </div>
-                  </ContextMenuTrigger>
-                  <ContextMenuContent>
-                    {isParentEntry ? (
-                      <ContextMenuItem
-                        onClick={() => {
-                          const segments = currentPath.split("/").filter(Boolean);
-                          segments.pop();
-                          const parentPath =
-                            segments.length === 0 ? "/" : `/${segments.join("/")}`;
-                          handleNavigate(parentPath);
-                        }}
-                      >
-                        {t("sftp.context.open")}
-                      </ContextMenuItem>
-                    ) : (
-                      <>
-                        {isNavigableDirectory && (
-                          <>
-                            <ContextMenuItem
-                              onClick={() =>
-                                handleNavigate(
-                                  currentPath === "/"
-                                    ? `/${file.name}`
-                                    : `${currentPath}/${file.name}`,
-                                )
-                              }
-                            >
-                              <FolderOpen size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                              {t("sftp.context.open")}
-                            </ContextMenuItem>
-                            {!isLocalSession && (
-                              <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleDownload(file)}>
-                                <Download size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                                {t("sftp.context.download")}
-                              </ContextMenuItem>
-                            )}
-                          </>
-                        )}
-                        {isDownloadableFile && (
-                          <>
-                            <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleOpenFile(file)}>
-                              <FolderOpen size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                              {t("sftp.context.open")}
-                            </ContextMenuItem>
-                            <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => openFileOpenerDialog(file)}>
-                              <MoreHorizontal size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                              {t("sftp.context.openWith")}
-                            </ContextMenuItem>
-                            {!isKnownBinaryFile(file.name) && (
-                              <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleEditFile(file)}>
-                                <Edit2 size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                                {t("sftp.context.edit")}
-                              </ContextMenuItem>
-                            )}
-                            <ContextMenuSeparator />
-                            <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => handleDownload(file)}>
-                              <Download size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                              {t("sftp.context.download")}
-                            </ContextMenuItem>
-                          </>
-                        )}
-                        <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => openRenameDialog(file)}>
-                          <Edit2 size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                          {t("sftp.context.rename")}
-                        </ContextMenuItem>
-                        {!isLocalSession && (
-                          <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => openPermissionsDialog(file)}>
-                            <Shield size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                            {t("sftp.context.permissions")}
-                          </ContextMenuItem>
-                        )}
-                        <ContextMenuItem
-                          className="text-destructive"
-                          onClick={() => handleDelete(file)}
-                        >
-                          <Trash2 size={14} className="mr-2" />
-                          {t("sftp.context.delete")}
-                        </ContextMenuItem>
-                      </>
-                    )}
-                  </ContextMenuContent>
-                </ContextMenu>
-              );
-            })}
-          </div>
-        </ContextMenuTrigger>
-        <ContextMenuContent>
-          <ContextMenuItem onClick={handleCreateFolder}>
-            <Plus className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" /> {t("sftp.newFolder")}
-          </ContextMenuItem>
-          <ContextMenuItem onClick={handleCreateFile}>
-            <Plus className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" /> {t("sftp.newFile")}
-          </ContextMenuItem>
-          <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => inputRef.current?.click()}>
-            <Upload className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" /> {t("sftp.uploadFiles")}
-          </ContextMenuItem>
-          <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => folderInputRef.current?.click()}>
-            <FolderUp className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" /> {t("sftp.uploadFolder")}
-          </ContextMenuItem>
-          <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true })}>
-            <RefreshCw className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" /> {t("sftp.context.refresh")}
-          </ContextMenuItem>
-          {selectedFiles.size > 0 && (
-            <>
-              <ContextMenuItem onClick={handleDownloadSelected}>
-                <Download className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" />
-                {t("sftp.context.downloadSelected", { count: selectedFiles.size })}
-              </ContextMenuItem>
-              <ContextMenuItem
-                className="text-destructive"
-                onClick={handleDeleteSelected}
-              >
-                <Trash2 className="h-4 w-4 mr-2" />
-                {t("sftp.context.deleteSelected", { count: selectedFiles.size })}
-              </ContextMenuItem>
-            </>
-          )}
-        </ContextMenuContent>
-      </ContextMenu>
-    </div>
-  </>
-);
--- a/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalFooter.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalFooter.tsx
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import React from "react";
-import { Download, Trash2 } from "lucide-react";
-import { Button } from "../ui/button";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../types";
-
-interface SftpModalFooterProps {
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  files: RemoteFile[];
-  selectedFiles: Set<string>;
-  loading: boolean;
-  uploading: boolean;
-  onDownloadSelected: () => void;
-  onDeleteSelected: () => void;
-}
-
-export const SftpModalFooter: React.FC<SftpModalFooterProps> = ({
-  t,
-  files,
-  selectedFiles,
-  loading,
-  uploading,
-  onDownloadSelected,
-  onDeleteSelected,
-}) => (
-  <div className="px-4 py-2 border-t border-border/60 flex items-center justify-between text-xs text-muted-foreground bg-muted/30 flex-shrink-0">
-    <span>
-      {t("sftp.itemsCount", { count: files.length })}
-      {selectedFiles.size > 0 && (
-        <>
-          <span className="mx-2">|</span>
-          <span className="text-primary">
-            {t("sftp.selectedCount", { count: selectedFiles.size })}
-          </span>
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="sm"
-            className="h-5 px-2 ml-2 text-xs text-primary hover:text-primary"
-            onClick={onDownloadSelected}
-          >
-            <Download size={10} className="mr-1" /> {t("sftp.context.download")}
-          </Button>
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="sm"
-            className="h-5 px-2 text-xs text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
-            onClick={onDeleteSelected}
-          >
-            <Trash2 size={10} className="mr-1" /> {t("sftp.context.delete")}
-          </Button>
-        </>
-      )}
-    </span>
-    <span>
-      {loading
-        ? t("sftp.status.loading")
-        : uploading
-          ? t("sftp.status.uploading")
-          : t("sftp.status.ready")}
-    </span>
-  </div>
-);
--- a/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalHeader.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalHeader.tsx
@@ -1,480 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from "react";
-import { ArrowUp, Bookmark, Check, ChevronRight, Eye, EyeOff, FilePlus, FolderPlus, FolderUp, Home, Languages, MoreHorizontal, RefreshCw, Trash2, Upload, X } from "lucide-react";
-import { cn } from "../../lib/utils";
-import type { Host, SftpFilenameEncoding } from "../../types";
-import { useSftpBookmarks } from "../sftp/hooks/useSftpBookmarks";
-import { DistroAvatar } from "../DistroAvatar";
-import { Button } from "../ui/button";
-import { Input } from "../ui/input";
-import { Popover, PopoverClose, PopoverContent, PopoverTrigger } from "../ui/popover";
-import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipProvider, TooltipTrigger } from "../ui/tooltip";
-
-interface BreadcrumbPart {
-  part: string;
-  originalIndex: number;
-}
-
-interface SftpModalHeaderProps {
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  host: Host;
-  credentials: { username?: string; hostname: string; port?: number };
-  showEncoding: boolean;
-  filenameEncoding: SftpFilenameEncoding;
-  onFilenameEncodingChange: (encoding: SftpFilenameEncoding) => void;
-  currentPath: string;
-  isEditingPath: boolean;
-  editingPathValue: string;
-  setEditingPathValue: (value: string) => void;
-  handlePathSubmit: () => void;
-  handlePathKeyDown: (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => void;
-  handlePathDoubleClick: () => void;
-  isAtRoot: boolean;
-  rootLabel: string;
-  isRefreshing: boolean;
-  onUp: () => void;
-  onHome: () => void;
-  onRefresh: () => void;
-  visibleBreadcrumbs: BreadcrumbPart[];
-  hiddenBreadcrumbs: BreadcrumbPart[];
-  needsBreadcrumbTruncation: boolean;
-  breadcrumbs: string[];
-  onBreadcrumbSelect: (index: number) => void;
-  onRootSelect: () => void;
-  inputRef: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
-  folderInputRef: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
-  pathInputRef: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
-  uploading: boolean;
-  onTriggerUpload: () => void;
-  onTriggerFolderUpload: () => void;
-  onCreateFolder: () => void;
-  onCreateFile: () => void;
-  onFileSelect: (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => void;
-  onFolderSelect: (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => void;
-  showHiddenFiles: boolean;
-  onToggleShowHiddenFiles: () => void;
-  onUpdateHost?: (host: Host) => void;
-  onNavigateToBookmark?: (path: string) => void;
-  onClose?: () => void;
-}
-
-export const SftpModalHeader: React.FC<SftpModalHeaderProps> = ({
-  t,
-  host,
-  credentials,
-  showEncoding,
-  filenameEncoding,
-  onFilenameEncodingChange,
-  currentPath,
-  isEditingPath,
-  editingPathValue,
-  setEditingPathValue,
-  handlePathSubmit,
-  handlePathKeyDown,
-  handlePathDoubleClick,
-  isAtRoot,
-  rootLabel,
-  isRefreshing,
-  onUp,
-  onHome,
-  onRefresh,
-  visibleBreadcrumbs,
-  hiddenBreadcrumbs,
-  needsBreadcrumbTruncation,
-  breadcrumbs,
-  onBreadcrumbSelect,
-  onRootSelect,
-  inputRef,
-  folderInputRef,
-  pathInputRef,
-  uploading,
-  onTriggerUpload,
-  onTriggerFolderUpload,
-  onCreateFolder,
-  onCreateFile,
-  onFileSelect,
-  onFolderSelect,
-  showHiddenFiles,
-  onToggleShowHiddenFiles,
-  onUpdateHost,
-  onNavigateToBookmark,
-  onClose,
-}) => {
-  // Delay tooltip activation to prevent flickering when modal opens
-  const [tooltipsReady, setTooltipsReady] = useState(false);
-  const [openTooltip, setOpenTooltip] = useState<string | null>(null);
-
-  // Bookmarks
-  const {
-    bookmarks,
-    isCurrentPathBookmarked,
-    toggleBookmark,
-    deleteBookmark,
-  } = useSftpBookmarks({
-    host,
-    currentPath,
-    onUpdateHost,
-  });
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const timer = setTimeout(() => setTooltipsReady(true), 500);
-    return () => clearTimeout(timer);
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleTooltipOpenChange = (id: string) => (open: boolean) => {
-    if (!tooltipsReady) return;
-    setOpenTooltip(open ? id : null);
-  };
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      <div className="px-4 py-3 border-b border-border/60 flex-shrink-0">
-        <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
-          <DistroAvatar
-            host={host}
-            fallback={host.label.slice(0, 2).toUpperCase()}
-            className="h-8 w-8"
-            size="sm"
-          />
-          <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-            <div className="text-sm font-semibold">
-              {host.label}
-            </div>
-            <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground font-mono">
-              {credentials.username || "root"}@{credentials.hostname}:
-              {credentials.port || 22}
-            </div>
-          </div>
-          {onClose && (
-            <Button
-              variant="ghost"
-              size="icon"
-              className="h-6 w-6 shrink-0"
-              onClick={onClose}
-            >
-              <X size={14} />
-            </Button>
-          )}
-        </div>
-      </div>
-
-      <TooltipProvider delayDuration={500} skipDelayDuration={800} disableHoverableContent>
-        <div className="px-4 py-2 border-b border-border/60 flex items-center gap-2 flex-shrink-0 bg-muted/30">
-          <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'up'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('up')}>
-            <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-              <Button
-                variant="ghost"
-                size="icon"
-                className="h-7 w-7"
-                onClick={onUp}
-                disabled={isAtRoot}
-              >
-                <ArrowUp size={14} />
-              </Button>
-            </TooltipTrigger>
-            <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.nav.up")}</TooltipContent>
-          </Tooltip>
-          <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'home'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('home')}>
-            <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-              <Button
-                variant="ghost"
-                size="icon"
-                className="h-7 w-7"
-                onClick={onHome}
-              >
-                <Home size={14} />
-              </Button>
-            </TooltipTrigger>
-            <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.nav.home")}</TooltipContent>
-          </Tooltip>
-          <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'refresh'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('refresh')}>
-            <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-              <Button
-                variant="ghost"
-                size="icon"
-                className="h-7 w-7"
-                onClick={onRefresh}
-              >
-                <RefreshCw
-                  size={14}
-                  className={cn(isRefreshing && "animate-spin")}
-                />
-              </Button>
-            </TooltipTrigger>
-            <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.nav.refresh")}</TooltipContent>
-          </Tooltip>
-          {/* Bookmark button */}
-          {onUpdateHost && (
-            <Popover>
-              <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'bookmark'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('bookmark')}>
-                <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-                  <PopoverTrigger asChild>
-                    <Button
-                      variant="ghost"
-                      size="icon"
-                      className="h-7 w-7"
-                    >
-                      <Bookmark
-                        size={14}
-                        className={cn(
-                          isCurrentPathBookmarked && "fill-yellow-500 text-yellow-500"
-                        )}
-                      />
-                    </Button>
-                  </PopoverTrigger>
-                </TooltipTrigger>
-                <TooltipContent>
-                  {isCurrentPathBookmarked ? t("sftp.bookmark.remove") : t("sftp.bookmark.add")}
-                </TooltipContent>
-              </Tooltip>
-              <PopoverContent className="w-56 p-1" align="start">
-                {/* Toggle button */}
-                <button
-                  className="w-full flex items-center gap-2 px-2 py-1.5 text-xs rounded-sm hover:bg-secondary transition-colors"
-                  onClick={toggleBookmark}
-                >
-                  <Bookmark
-                    size={12}
-                    className={cn(
-                      "shrink-0",
-                      isCurrentPathBookmarked && "fill-yellow-500 text-yellow-500"
-                    )}
-                  />
-                  {isCurrentPathBookmarked ? t("sftp.bookmark.remove") : t("sftp.bookmark.add")}
-                </button>
-                {/* Divider + list */}
-                {bookmarks.length > 0 && (
-                  <>
-                    <div className="my-1 border-t border-border/60" />
-                    {bookmarks.map((bm) => (
-                      <div
-                        key={bm.id}
-                        className="group flex items-center gap-1 px-2 py-1.5 text-xs rounded-sm hover:bg-secondary transition-colors cursor-pointer"
-                        onClick={() => onNavigateToBookmark?.(bm.path)}
-                        title={bm.path}
-                      >
-                        <Bookmark size={10} className="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />
-                        <span className="flex-1 truncate">{bm.label}</span>
-                        <span className="flex-1 truncate text-muted-foreground text-[10px]">{bm.path}</span>
-                        <Button
-                          variant="ghost"
-                          size="icon"
-                          className="h-4 w-4 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity shrink-0"
-                          onClick={(e) => {
-                            e.stopPropagation();
-                            deleteBookmark(bm.id);
-                          }}
-                        >
-                          <Trash2 size={10} />
-                        </Button>
-                      </div>
-                    ))}
-                  </>
-                )}
-                {bookmarks.length === 0 && (
-                  <div className="p-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground text-center">
-                    {t("sftp.bookmark.empty")}
-                  </div>
-                )}
-              </PopoverContent>
-            </Popover>
-          )}
-          {showEncoding && (
-            <Popover>
-              <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'encoding'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('encoding')}>
-                <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-                  <PopoverTrigger asChild>
-                    <Button
-                      variant="ghost"
-                      size="icon"
-                      className="h-7 w-7"
-                    >
-                      <Languages size={14} />
-                    </Button>
-                  </PopoverTrigger>
-                </TooltipTrigger>
-                <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.encoding.label")}</TooltipContent>
-              </Tooltip>
-              <PopoverContent className="w-36 p-1" align="start">
-                {(["auto", "utf-8", "gb18030"] as const).map((encoding) => (
-                  <PopoverClose asChild key={encoding}>
-                    <button
-                      className={cn(
-                        "w-full flex items-center gap-2 px-2 py-1.5 text-sm rounded-sm hover:bg-secondary transition-colors",
-                        filenameEncoding === encoding && "bg-secondary"
-                      )}
-                      onClick={() => onFilenameEncodingChange(encoding)}
-                    >
-                      <Check
-                        size={14}
-                        className={cn(
-                          "shrink-0",
-                          filenameEncoding === encoding ? "opacity-100" : "opacity-0"
-                        )}
-                      />
-                      {t(`sftp.encoding.${encoding === "utf-8" ? "utf8" : encoding}`)}
-                    </button>
-                  </PopoverClose>
-                ))}
-              </PopoverContent>
-            </Popover>
-          )}
-          <Tooltip
-            open={openTooltip === 'showHiddenFiles'}
-            onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('showHiddenFiles')}
-          >
-            <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-              <Button
-                variant={showHiddenFiles ? "secondary" : "ghost"}
-                size="icon"
-                className={cn("h-7 w-7", showHiddenFiles && "text-primary")}
-                onClick={onToggleShowHiddenFiles}
-              >
-                {showHiddenFiles ? <EyeOff size={14} /> : <Eye size={14} />}
-              </Button>
-            </TooltipTrigger>
-            <TooltipContent>{t("settings.sftp.showHiddenFiles")}</TooltipContent>
-          </Tooltip>
-
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 text-sm flex-1 min-w-0 overflow-hidden">
-            {isEditingPath ? (
-              <Input
-                ref={pathInputRef}
-                value={editingPathValue}
-                onChange={(e) => setEditingPathValue(e.target.value)}
-                onBlur={handlePathSubmit}
-                onKeyDown={handlePathKeyDown}
-                className="h-7 text-sm bg-background"
-                autoFocus
-              />
-            ) : (
-              <div
-                className="flex items-center gap-1 flex-1 min-w-0 cursor-text hover:bg-secondary/50 rounded px-1 py-0.5 transition-colors"
-                onDoubleClick={handlePathDoubleClick}
-                title={currentPath}
-              >
-                <button
-                  className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground px-1 shrink-0"
-                  onClick={onRootSelect}
-                >
-                  {rootLabel}
-                </button>
-                {visibleBreadcrumbs.map(({ part, originalIndex }, displayIdx) => {
-                  const isLast = originalIndex === breadcrumbs.length - 1;
-                  const showEllipsisBefore =
-                    needsBreadcrumbTruncation && displayIdx === 1;
-
-                  return (
-                    <React.Fragment key={originalIndex}>
-                      {showEllipsisBefore && (
-                        <>
-                          <ChevronRight
-                            size={12}
-                            className="text-muted-foreground flex-shrink-0"
-                          />
-                          <span
-                            className="text-muted-foreground px-1 shrink-0 flex items-center cursor-default"
-                            title={`${t("sftp.showHiddenPaths")}: ${hiddenBreadcrumbs
-                              .map((h) => h.part)
-                              .join(" > ")}`}
-                          >
-                            <MoreHorizontal size={14} />
-                          </span>
-                        </>
-                      )}
-                      <ChevronRight
-                        size={12}
-                        className="text-muted-foreground flex-shrink-0"
-                      />
-                      <button
-                        className={cn(
-                          "text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground truncate px-1 max-w-[100px]",
-                          isLast && "text-foreground font-medium",
-                        )}
-                        onClick={() => onBreadcrumbSelect(originalIndex)}
-                        title={part}
-                      >
-                        {part}
-                      </button>
-                    </React.Fragment>
-                  );
-                })}
-              </div>
-            )}
-          </div>
-
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 ml-auto">
-            <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'upload'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('upload')}>
-              <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-                <Button
-                  variant="outline"
-                  size="icon"
-                  className="h-7 w-7"
-                  onClick={onTriggerUpload}
-                  disabled={uploading}
-                >
-                  <Upload size={14} />
-                </Button>
-              </TooltipTrigger>
-              <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.upload")}</TooltipContent>
-            </Tooltip>
-            <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'uploadFolder'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('uploadFolder')}>
-              <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-                <Button
-                  variant="outline"
-                  size="icon"
-                  className="h-7 w-7"
-                  onClick={onTriggerFolderUpload}
-                  disabled={uploading}
-                >
-                  <FolderUp size={14} />
-                </Button>
-              </TooltipTrigger>
-              <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.uploadFolder")}</TooltipContent>
-            </Tooltip>
-            <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'newFolder'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('newFolder')}>
-              <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-                <Button
-                  variant="outline"
-                  size="icon"
-                  className="h-7 w-7"
-                  onClick={onCreateFolder}
-                >
-                  <FolderPlus size={14} />
-                </Button>
-              </TooltipTrigger>
-              <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.newFolder")}</TooltipContent>
-            </Tooltip>
-            <Tooltip open={openTooltip === 'newFile'} onOpenChange={handleTooltipOpenChange('newFile')}>
-              <TooltipTrigger asChild>
-                <Button
-                  variant="outline"
-                  size="icon"
-                  className="h-7 w-7"
-                  onClick={onCreateFile}
-                >
-                  <FilePlus size={14} />
-                </Button>
-              </TooltipTrigger>
-              <TooltipContent>{t("sftp.newFile")}</TooltipContent>
-            </Tooltip>
-            <input
-              type="file"
-              className="hidden"
-              ref={inputRef}
-              onChange={onFileSelect}
-              multiple
-            />
-            <input
-              type="file"
-              className="hidden"
-              ref={folderInputRef}
-              onChange={onFolderSelect}
-              webkitdirectory=""
-              multiple
-            />
-          </div>
-        </div>
-      </TooltipProvider>
-    </>
-  );
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalUploadTasks.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/SftpModalUploadTasks.tsx
@@ -1,228 +0,0 @@
-import React from "react";
-import { Download, Loader2, Upload, X, XCircle } from "lucide-react";
-import { cn } from "../../lib/utils";
-import { Button } from "../ui/button";
-
-interface TransferTask {
-  id: string;
-  fileName: string;
-  totalBytes: number;
-  transferredBytes: number;
-  progress: number;
-  speed: number;
-  status: "pending" | "uploading" | "downloading" | "completed" | "failed" | "cancelled";
-  error?: string;
-  direction: "upload" | "download";
-  targetPath?: string;
-}
-
-interface SftpModalUploadTasksProps {
-  tasks: TransferTask[];
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  onCancel?: () => void;
-  onCancelTask?: (taskId: string) => void;
-  onDismiss?: (taskId: string) => void;
-}
-
-export const SftpModalUploadTasks: React.FC<SftpModalUploadTasksProps> = ({ tasks, t, onCancel, onCancelTask, onDismiss }) => {
-  if (tasks.length === 0) return null;
-
-  // Helper function to get localized display name for compressed uploads
-  const getDisplayName = (task: TransferTask) => {
-    // Check for explicit phase marker format: "folderName|phase"
-    // This is the format sent by uploadService.ts for compressed uploads
-    if (task.fileName.includes('|')) {
-      const pipeIndex = task.fileName.lastIndexOf('|');
-      const baseName = task.fileName.substring(0, pipeIndex);
-      const phase = task.fileName.substring(pipeIndex + 1);
-
-      if (phase === 'compressing' || phase === 'extracting' || phase === 'uploading' || phase === 'compressed') {
-        const phaseLabel = t(`sftp.upload.phase.${phase}`);
-        return `${baseName} (${phaseLabel})`;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Check for exact matches of phase status strings (legacy support)
-    if (task.fileName === t('sftp.upload.compressing') || task.fileName === 'Compressing...' || task.fileName === 'Compressing') {
-      return t('sftp.upload.compressing');
-    }
-    if (task.fileName === t('sftp.upload.extracting') || task.fileName === 'Extracting...' || task.fileName === 'Extracting') {
-      return t('sftp.upload.extracting');
-    }
-    if (task.fileName === t('sftp.upload.scanning') || task.fileName === 'Scanning files...' || task.fileName === 'Scanning files') {
-      return t('sftp.upload.scanning');
-    }
-
-    // Check if this is a compressed upload task (legacy format)
-    if (task.fileName.includes('(compressed)')) {
-      const baseName = task.fileName.replace(' (compressed)', '');
-      return `${baseName} (${t('sftp.upload.compressed')})`;
-    }
-
-    return task.fileName;
-  };
-
-  return (
-    <div className="border-t border-border/60 bg-secondary/50 flex-shrink-0">
-      <div className="max-h-40 overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden">
-        {[...tasks].reverse().map((task) => {
-          const formatSpeed = (bytesPerSec: number) => {
-            if (bytesPerSec <= 0) return "";
-            if (bytesPerSec >= 1024 * 1024)
-              return `${(bytesPerSec / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(1)} MB/s`;
-            if (bytesPerSec >= 1024)
-              return `${(bytesPerSec / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB/s`;
-            return `${Math.round(bytesPerSec)} B/s`;
-          };
-
-          const formatBytes = (bytes: number) => {
-            if (bytes === 0) return "0 B";
-            if (bytes >= 1024 * 1024)
-              return `${(bytes / (1024 * 1024)).toFixed(1)} MB`;
-            if (bytes >= 1024) return `${(bytes / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB`;
-            return `${bytes} B`;
-          };
-
-          const remainingBytes = task.totalBytes - task.transferredBytes;
-          const effectiveSpeed = task.speed > 0 ? task.speed : 0;
-          const remainingTime =
-            effectiveSpeed > 0 ? Math.ceil(remainingBytes / effectiveSpeed) : 0;
-          const remainingStr =
-            remainingTime > 60
-              ? `~${Math.ceil(remainingTime / 60)}m left`
-              : remainingTime > 0
-                ? `~${remainingTime}s left`
-                : "";
-
-          return (
-            <div
-              key={task.id}
-              className="px-4 py-2.5 flex items-center gap-3 border-b border-border/30 last:border-b-0"
-            >
-              <div className="shrink-0">
-                {(task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading") && (
-                  <Loader2 size={14} className="animate-spin text-primary" />
-                )}
-                {task.status === "pending" && (
-                  task.direction === "download"
-                    ? <Download size={14} className="text-muted-foreground animate-pulse" />
-                    : <Upload size={14} className="text-muted-foreground animate-pulse" />
-                )}
-                {task.status === "completed" && (
-                  task.direction === "download"
-                    ? <Download size={14} className="text-green-500" />
-                    : <Upload size={14} className="text-green-500" />
-                )}
-                {task.status === "failed" && (
-                  <XCircle size={14} className="text-destructive" />
-                )}
-                {task.status === "cancelled" && (
-                  <XCircle size={14} className="text-muted-foreground" />
-                )}
-              </div>
-              <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
-                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                  <span className="text-xs font-medium truncate">
-                    {getDisplayName(task)}
-                  </span>
-                  {(task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading") && effectiveSpeed > 0 && (
-                    <span className="text-[10px] text-primary font-mono shrink-0">
-                      {formatSpeed(effectiveSpeed)}
-                    </span>
-                  )}
-                  {(task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading") && remainingStr && (
-                    <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground shrink-0">
-                      {remainingStr}
-                    </span>
-                  )}
-                </div>
-                {(task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading" || task.status === "pending") && (
-                  <div className="mt-1.5 flex items-center gap-2">
-                    <div className="flex-1 h-1.5 bg-secondary rounded-full overflow-hidden">
-                      <div
-                        className={cn(
-                          "h-full rounded-full transition-all duration-150",
-                          task.status === "pending"
-                            ? "bg-muted-foreground/50 animate-pulse w-full"
-                            : "bg-primary",
-                        )}
-                        style={{
-                          width:
-                            task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading"
-                              ? `${task.progress}%`
-                              : undefined,
-                        }}
-                      />
-                    </div>
-                    <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-mono shrink-0 w-8 text-right">
-                      {task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading" ? `${Math.round(task.progress)}%` : "..."}
-                    </span>
-                  </div>
-                )}
-                {(task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading") && task.totalBytes > 0 && (
-                  <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground mt-0.5 font-mono">
-                    {formatBytes(task.transferredBytes)} / {formatBytes(task.totalBytes)}
-                  </div>
-                )}
-                {task.status === "completed" && (
-                  <div className="text-[10px] text-green-600 mt-0.5">
-                    {t(task.direction === "download" ? "sftp.download.completed" : "sftp.upload.completed")} - {formatBytes(task.totalBytes)}
-                    {task.targetPath && (
-                      <span className="text-muted-foreground ml-1">→ {task.targetPath}</span>
-                    )}
-                  </div>
-                )}
-                {task.status === "cancelled" && (
-                  <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
-                    {t(task.direction === "download" ? "sftp.download.cancelled" : "sftp.upload.cancelled")}
-                  </div>
-                )}
-                {task.status === "failed" && task.error && (
-                  <div className="text-[10px] text-destructive truncate mt-0.5">
-                    {task.error}
-                  </div>
-                )}
-              </div>
-              <div className="shrink-0 flex items-center gap-1">
-                {task.status === "pending" && (
-                  <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
-                    {t("sftp.task.waiting")}
-                  </span>
-                )}
-                {(task.status === "uploading" || task.status === "downloading" || task.status === "pending") && (onCancelTask || onCancel) && (
-                  <Button
-                    variant="ghost"
-                    size="icon"
-                    className="h-6 w-6 text-destructive hover:text-destructive"
-                    onClick={() => {
-                      // For download tasks or when onCancelTask is available, use task-specific cancel
-                      if (onCancelTask) {
-                        onCancelTask(task.id);
-                      } else if (onCancel) {
-                        onCancel();
-                      }
-                    }}
-                    title={t("sftp.action.cancel")}
-                  >
-                    <X size={12} />
-                  </Button>
-                )}
-                {(task.status === "completed" || task.status === "failed" || task.status === "cancelled") && onDismiss && (
-                  <Button
-                    variant="ghost"
-                    size="icon"
-                    className="h-6 w-6 text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground"
-                    onClick={() => onDismiss(task.id)}
-                    title={t("sftp.action.dismiss")}
-                  >
-                    <X size={12} />
-                  </Button>
-                )}
-              </div>
-            </div>
-          );
-        })}
-      </div>
-    </div>
-  );
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/fileIcons.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/fileIcons.tsx
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-import {
-  Database,
-  ExternalLink,
-  File,
-  FileArchive,
-  FileAudio,
-  FileCode,
-  FileImage,
-  FileSpreadsheet,
-  FileText,
-  FileType,
-  FileVideo,
-  Folder,
-  Globe,
-  Lock,
-  Settings,
-  Terminal,
-} from "lucide-react";
-import React from "react";
-
-export const getFileIcon = (fileName: string, isDirectory: boolean, isSymlink?: boolean) => {
-  if (isDirectory)
-    return (
-      <Folder
-        size={18}
-        fill="currentColor"
-        fillOpacity={0.2}
-        className="text-blue-400"
-      />
-    );
-
-  if (isSymlink) {
-    return <ExternalLink size={18} className="text-cyan-500" />;
-  }
-
-  const ext = fileName.split(".").pop()?.toLowerCase() || "";
-
-  if (["doc", "docx", "rtf", "odt"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileText size={18} className="text-blue-500" />;
-  if (["xls", "xlsx", "csv", "ods"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileSpreadsheet size={18} className="text-green-500" />;
-  if (["ppt", "pptx", "odp"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileType size={18} className="text-orange-500" />;
-  if (["pdf"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileText size={18} className="text-red-500" />;
-
-  if (["js", "jsx", "ts", "tsx", "mjs", "cjs"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-yellow-500" />;
-  if (["py", "pyc", "pyw"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-blue-400" />;
-  if (["sh", "bash", "zsh", "fish", "bat", "cmd", "ps1"].includes(ext))
-    return <Terminal size={18} className="text-green-400" />;
-  if (["c", "cpp", "h", "hpp", "cc", "cxx"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-blue-600" />;
-  if (["java", "class", "jar"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-orange-600" />;
-  if (["go"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-cyan-500" />;
-  if (["rs"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-orange-400" />;
-  if (["rb"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-red-400" />;
-  if (["php"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-purple-500" />;
-  if (["html", "htm", "xhtml"].includes(ext))
-    return <Globe size={18} className="text-orange-500" />;
-  if (["css", "scss", "sass", "less"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-blue-500" />;
-  if (["vue", "svelte"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-green-500" />;
-
-  if (["json", "json5"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-yellow-600" />;
-  if (["xml", "xsl", "xslt"].includes(ext))
-    return <FileCode size={18} className="text-orange-400" />;
-  if (["yml", "yaml"].includes(ext))
-    return <Settings size={18} className="text-pink-400" />;
-  if (["toml", "ini", "conf", "cfg", "config"].includes(ext))
-    return <Settings size={18} className="text-gray-400" />;
-  if (["env"].includes(ext))
-    return <Lock size={18} className="text-yellow-500" />;
-  if (["sql", "sqlite", "db"].includes(ext))
-    return <Database size={18} className="text-blue-400" />;
-
-  if (
-    [
-      "jpg",
-      "jpeg",
-      "png",
-      "gif",
-      "bmp",
-      "webp",
-      "svg",
-      "ico",
-      "tiff",
-      "tif",
-      "heic",
-      "heif",
-      "avif",
-    ].includes(ext)
-  )
-    return <FileImage size={18} className="text-purple-400" />;
-
-  if (
-    [
-      "mp4",
-      "mkv",
-      "avi",
-      "mov",
-      "wmv",
-      "flv",
-      "webm",
-      "m4v",
-      "3gp",
-      "mpeg",
-      "mpg",
-    ].includes(ext)
-  )
-    return <FileVideo size={18} className="text-pink-500" />;
-
-  if (
-    ["mp3", "wav", "flac", "aac", "ogg", "m4a", "wma", "opus", "aiff"].includes(
-      ext,
-    )
-  )
-    return <FileAudio size={18} className="text-green-400" />;
-
-  if (
-    [
-      "zip",
-      "rar",
-      "7z",
-      "tar",
-      "gz",
-      "bz2",
-      "xz",
-      "tgz",
-      "tbz2",
-      "lz",
-      "lzma",
-      "cab",
-      "iso",
-      "dmg",
-    ].includes(ext)
-  )
-    return <FileArchive size={18} className="text-yellow-600" />;
-
-  return <File size={18} className="text-muted-foreground" />;
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalCreateDelete.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalCreateDelete.ts
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
-
-interface UseSftpModalCreateDeleteParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  loadFiles: (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  deleteLocalFile: (path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  deleteSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  mkdirLocal: (path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  mkdirSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  writeLocalFile: (path: string, data: ArrayBuffer) => Promise<void>;
-  writeSftpBinary: (sftpId: string, path: string, data: ArrayBuffer) => Promise<void>;
-  writeSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string, data: string) => Promise<void>;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalCreateDeleteResult {
-  handleDelete: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  handleCreateFolder: () => void;
-  handleCreateFile: () => void;
-  // Create dialog state
-  showCreateDialog: boolean;
-  setShowCreateDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  createType: "file" | "folder";
-  createName: string;
-  setCreateName: (value: string) => void;
-  isCreating: boolean;
-  handleCreateSubmit: () => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalCreateDelete = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  joinPath,
-  ensureSftp,
-  loadFiles,
-  deleteLocalFile,
-  deleteSftp,
-  mkdirLocal,
-  mkdirSftp,
-  writeLocalFile,
-  writeSftpBinary,
-  writeSftp,
-  t,
-}: UseSftpModalCreateDeleteParams): UseSftpModalCreateDeleteResult => {
-  const [showCreateDialog, setShowCreateDialog] = useState(false);
-  const [createType, setCreateType] = useState<"file" | "folder">("folder");
-  const [createName, setCreateName] = useState("");
-  const [isCreating, setIsCreating] = useState(false);
-
-  const handleDelete = useCallback(
-    async (file: RemoteFile) => {
-      if (file.name === "..") return;
-      if (!confirm(t("sftp.deleteConfirm.single", { name: file.name }))) return;
-
-      try {
-        const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, file.name);
-        if (isLocalSession) {
-          await deleteLocalFile(fullPath);
-        } else {
-          await deleteSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath);
-        }
-        await loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-      } catch (e) {
-        toast.error(
-          e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.deleteFailed"),
-          "SFTP",
-        );
-      }
-    },
-    [currentPath, deleteLocalFile, deleteSftp, ensureSftp, isLocalSession, joinPath, loadFiles, t],
-  );
-
-  const handleCreateFolder = useCallback(() => {
-    setCreateType("folder");
-    setCreateName("");
-    setShowCreateDialog(true);
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleCreateFile = useCallback(() => {
-    setCreateType("file");
-    setCreateName("");
-    setShowCreateDialog(true);
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleCreateSubmit = useCallback(async () => {
-    const name = createName.trim();
-    if (!name || isCreating) return;
-    setIsCreating(true);
-    try {
-      const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, name);
-      if (createType === "folder") {
-        if (isLocalSession) {
-          await mkdirLocal(fullPath);
-        } else {
-          await mkdirSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath);
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (isLocalSession) {
-          await writeLocalFile(fullPath, new ArrayBuffer(0));
-        } else {
-          try {
-            await writeSftpBinary(await ensureSftp(), fullPath, new ArrayBuffer(0));
-          } catch {
-            await writeSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath, "");
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      setShowCreateDialog(false);
-      setCreateName("");
-      await loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-    } catch (e) {
-      toast.error(
-        e instanceof Error
-          ? e.message
-          : t(createType === "folder" ? "sftp.error.createFolderFailed" : "sftp.error.createFileFailed"),
-        "SFTP",
-      );
-    } finally {
-      setIsCreating(false);
-    }
-  }, [createName, createType, currentPath, ensureSftp, isCreating, isLocalSession, joinPath, loadFiles, mkdirLocal, mkdirSftp, t, writeLocalFile, writeSftp, writeSftpBinary]);
-
-  return {
-    handleDelete,
-    handleCreateFolder,
-    handleCreateFile,
-    showCreateDialog,
-    setShowCreateDialog,
-    createType,
-    createName,
-    setCreateName,
-    isCreating,
-    handleCreateSubmit,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalFileActions.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalFileActions.ts
@@ -1,277 +0,0 @@
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { useSftpModalCreateDelete } from "./useSftpModalCreateDelete";
-import { useSftpModalRename } from "./useSftpModalRename";
-import { useSftpModalPermissions } from "./useSftpModalPermissions";
-import { useSftpModalTextEditor } from "./useSftpModalTextEditor";
-import { useSftpModalFileOpener } from "./useSftpModalFileOpener";
-import type { FileOpenerType, SystemAppInfo } from "../../../lib/sftpFileUtils";
-
-interface UseSftpModalFileActionsParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  loadFiles: (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  readLocalFile: (path: string) => Promise<ArrayBuffer>;
-  readSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<string>;
-  writeLocalFile: (path: string, data: ArrayBuffer) => Promise<void>;
-  writeSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string, data: string) => Promise<void>;
-  writeSftpBinary: (sftpId: string, path: string, data: ArrayBuffer) => Promise<void>;
-  deleteLocalFile: (path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  deleteSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  mkdirLocal: (path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  mkdirSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<void>;
-  renameSftp: (sftpId: string, oldPath: string, newPath: string) => Promise<void>;
-  chmodSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string, permissions: string) => Promise<void>;
-  statSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<{ permissions?: string }>;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  sftpAutoSync: boolean;
-  getOpenerForFile: (name: string) => { openerType: FileOpenerType; systemApp?: SystemAppInfo } | null;
-  setOpenerForExtension: (ext: string, openerType: FileOpenerType, systemApp?: SystemAppInfo) => void;
-  downloadSftpToTempAndOpen: (sftpId: string, path: string, fileName: string, appPath: string, opts: { enableWatch: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  selectApplication: () => Promise<{ path: string; name: string } | null>;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalFileActionsResult {
-  handleDelete: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  handleCreateFolder: () => void;
-  handleCreateFile: () => void;
-  showCreateDialog: boolean;
-  setShowCreateDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  createType: "file" | "folder";
-  createName: string;
-  setCreateName: (value: string) => void;
-  isCreating: boolean;
-  handleCreateSubmit: () => Promise<void>;
-  showRenameDialog: boolean;
-  setShowRenameDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  renameTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  renameName: string;
-  setRenameName: (value: string) => void;
-  isRenaming: boolean;
-  openRenameDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleRename: () => Promise<void>;
-  showPermissionsDialog: boolean;
-  setShowPermissionsDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  permissionsTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  permissions: {
-    owner: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-    group: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-    others: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-  };
-  isChangingPermissions: boolean;
-  openPermissionsDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  togglePermission: (role: "owner" | "group" | "others", perm: "read" | "write" | "execute") => void;
-  getOctalPermissions: () => string;
-  getSymbolicPermissions: () => string;
-  handleSavePermissions: () => Promise<void>;
-  showFileOpenerDialog: boolean;
-  setShowFileOpenerDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  fileOpenerTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  setFileOpenerTarget: (target: RemoteFile | null) => void;
-  openFileOpenerDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleFileOpenerSelect: (
-    openerType: FileOpenerType,
-    setAsDefault: boolean,
-    systemApp?: SystemAppInfo,
-  ) => Promise<void>;
-  handleSelectSystemApp: () => Promise<SystemAppInfo | null>;
-  showTextEditor: boolean;
-  setShowTextEditor: (open: boolean) => void;
-  textEditorTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  setTextEditorTarget: (target: RemoteFile | null) => void;
-  textEditorContent: string;
-  setTextEditorContent: (value: string) => void;
-  loadingTextContent: boolean;
-  handleEditFile: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  handleSaveTextFile: (content: string) => Promise<void>;
-  handleOpenFile: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalFileActions = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  joinPath,
-  ensureSftp,
-  loadFiles,
-  readLocalFile,
-  readSftp,
-  writeLocalFile,
-  writeSftp,
-  writeSftpBinary,
-  deleteLocalFile,
-  deleteSftp,
-  mkdirLocal,
-  mkdirSftp,
-  renameSftp,
-  chmodSftp,
-  statSftp,
-  t,
-  sftpAutoSync,
-  getOpenerForFile,
-  setOpenerForExtension,
-  downloadSftpToTempAndOpen,
-  selectApplication,
-}: UseSftpModalFileActionsParams): UseSftpModalFileActionsResult => {
-  const {
-    handleDelete,
-    handleCreateFolder,
-    handleCreateFile,
-    showCreateDialog,
-    setShowCreateDialog,
-    createType,
-    createName,
-    setCreateName,
-    isCreating,
-    handleCreateSubmit,
-  } =
-    useSftpModalCreateDelete({
-      currentPath,
-      isLocalSession,
-      joinPath,
-      ensureSftp,
-      loadFiles,
-      deleteLocalFile,
-      deleteSftp,
-      mkdirLocal,
-      mkdirSftp,
-      writeLocalFile,
-      writeSftpBinary,
-      writeSftp,
-      t,
-    });
-
-  const {
-    showRenameDialog,
-    setShowRenameDialog,
-    renameTarget,
-    renameName,
-    setRenameName,
-    isRenaming,
-    openRenameDialog,
-    handleRename,
-  } = useSftpModalRename({
-    currentPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    joinPath,
-    ensureSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    renameSftp,
-    t,
-  });
-
-  const {
-    showPermissionsDialog,
-    setShowPermissionsDialog,
-    permissionsTarget,
-    permissions,
-    isChangingPermissions,
-    openPermissionsDialog,
-    togglePermission,
-    getOctalPermissions,
-    getSymbolicPermissions,
-    handleSavePermissions,
-  } = useSftpModalPermissions({
-    currentPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    joinPath,
-    ensureSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    chmodSftp,
-    statSftp,
-    t,
-  });
-
-  const {
-    showTextEditor,
-    setShowTextEditor,
-    textEditorTarget,
-    setTextEditorTarget,
-    textEditorContent,
-    setTextEditorContent,
-    loadingTextContent,
-    handleEditFile,
-    handleSaveTextFile,
-  } = useSftpModalTextEditor({
-    currentPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    joinPath,
-    ensureSftp,
-    readLocalFile,
-    readSftp,
-    writeLocalFile,
-    writeSftp,
-    t,
-  });
-
-  const {
-    showFileOpenerDialog,
-    setShowFileOpenerDialog,
-    fileOpenerTarget,
-    setFileOpenerTarget,
-    openFileOpenerDialog,
-    handleOpenFile,
-    handleFileOpenerSelect,
-    handleSelectSystemApp,
-  } = useSftpModalFileOpener({
-    currentPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    joinPath,
-    ensureSftp,
-    sftpAutoSync,
-    getOpenerForFile,
-    setOpenerForExtension,
-    downloadSftpToTempAndOpen,
-    selectApplication,
-    t,
-    handleEditFile,
-  });
-
-  return {
-    handleDelete,
-    handleCreateFolder,
-    handleCreateFile,
-    showCreateDialog,
-    setShowCreateDialog,
-    createType,
-    createName,
-    setCreateName,
-    isCreating,
-    handleCreateSubmit,
-    showRenameDialog,
-    setShowRenameDialog,
-    renameTarget,
-    renameName,
-    setRenameName,
-    isRenaming,
-    openRenameDialog,
-    handleRename,
-    showPermissionsDialog,
-    setShowPermissionsDialog,
-    permissionsTarget,
-    permissions,
-    isChangingPermissions,
-    openPermissionsDialog,
-    togglePermission,
-    getOctalPermissions,
-    getSymbolicPermissions,
-    handleSavePermissions,
-    showFileOpenerDialog,
-    setShowFileOpenerDialog,
-    fileOpenerTarget,
-    setFileOpenerTarget,
-    openFileOpenerDialog,
-    handleFileOpenerSelect,
-    handleSelectSystemApp,
-    showTextEditor,
-    setShowTextEditor,
-    textEditorTarget,
-    setTextEditorTarget,
-    textEditorContent,
-    setTextEditorContent,
-    loadingTextContent,
-    handleEditFile,
-    handleSaveTextFile,
-    handleOpenFile,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalFileOpener.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalFileOpener.ts
@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
-import { getFileExtension, FileOpenerType, SystemAppInfo } from "../../../lib/sftpFileUtils";
-
-interface UseSftpModalFileOpenerParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  sftpAutoSync: boolean;
-  getOpenerForFile: (name: string) => { openerType: FileOpenerType; systemApp?: SystemAppInfo } | null;
-  setOpenerForExtension: (ext: string, openerType: FileOpenerType, systemApp?: SystemAppInfo) => void;
-  downloadSftpToTempAndOpen: (sftpId: string, path: string, fileName: string, appPath: string, opts: { enableWatch: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  selectApplication: () => Promise<{ path: string; name: string } | null>;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  handleEditFile: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalFileOpenerResult {
-  showFileOpenerDialog: boolean;
-  setShowFileOpenerDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  fileOpenerTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  setFileOpenerTarget: (target: RemoteFile | null) => void;
-  openFileOpenerDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleOpenFile: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  handleFileOpenerSelect: (
-    openerType: FileOpenerType,
-    setAsDefault: boolean,
-    systemApp?: SystemAppInfo,
-  ) => Promise<void>;
-  handleSelectSystemApp: () => Promise<SystemAppInfo | null>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalFileOpener = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  joinPath,
-  ensureSftp,
-  sftpAutoSync,
-  getOpenerForFile,
-  setOpenerForExtension,
-  downloadSftpToTempAndOpen,
-  selectApplication,
-  t,
-  handleEditFile,
-}: UseSftpModalFileOpenerParams): UseSftpModalFileOpenerResult => {
-  const [showFileOpenerDialog, setShowFileOpenerDialog] = useState(false);
-  const [fileOpenerTarget, setFileOpenerTarget] = useState<RemoteFile | null>(null);
-
-  const openFileOpenerDialog = useCallback((file: RemoteFile) => {
-    setFileOpenerTarget(file);
-    setShowFileOpenerDialog(true);
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleOpenFile = useCallback(async (file: RemoteFile) => {
-    const savedOpener = getOpenerForFile(file.name);
-
-    if (savedOpener) {
-      if (savedOpener.openerType === "builtin-editor") {
-        await handleEditFile(file);
-      } else if (savedOpener.openerType === "system-app" && savedOpener.systemApp) {
-        try {
-          const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, file.name);
-          if (isLocalSession) {
-            const bridge = (window as unknown as { netcatty?: NetcattyBridge }).netcatty;
-            if (bridge?.openWithApplication) {
-              await bridge.openWithApplication(fullPath, savedOpener.systemApp.path);
-            }
-          } else {
-            const sftpId = await ensureSftp();
-            await downloadSftpToTempAndOpen(
-              sftpId,
-              fullPath,
-              file.name,
-              savedOpener.systemApp.path,
-              { enableWatch: sftpAutoSync },
-            );
-          }
-        } catch (e) {
-          toast.error(
-            e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.openFailed"),
-            "SFTP",
-          );
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      openFileOpenerDialog(file);
-    }
-  }, [currentPath, downloadSftpToTempAndOpen, ensureSftp, getOpenerForFile, handleEditFile, isLocalSession, joinPath, openFileOpenerDialog, sftpAutoSync, t]);
-
-  const handleFileOpenerSelect = useCallback(
-    async (openerType: FileOpenerType, setAsDefault: boolean, systemApp?: SystemAppInfo) => {
-      if (!fileOpenerTarget) return;
-
-      if (setAsDefault) {
-        const ext = getFileExtension(fileOpenerTarget.name);
-        setOpenerForExtension(ext, openerType, systemApp);
-      }
-
-      setShowFileOpenerDialog(false);
-
-      if (openerType === "builtin-editor") {
-        await handleEditFile(fileOpenerTarget);
-      } else if (openerType === "system-app" && systemApp) {
-        try {
-          const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, fileOpenerTarget.name);
-          if (isLocalSession) {
-            const bridge = (window as unknown as { netcatty?: NetcattyBridge }).netcatty;
-            if (bridge?.openWithApplication) {
-              await bridge.openWithApplication(fullPath, systemApp.path);
-            }
-          } else {
-            const sftpId = await ensureSftp();
-            await downloadSftpToTempAndOpen(
-              sftpId,
-              fullPath,
-              fileOpenerTarget.name,
-              systemApp.path,
-              { enableWatch: sftpAutoSync },
-            );
-          }
-        } catch (e) {
-          toast.error(
-            e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.openFailed"),
-            "SFTP",
-          );
-        }
-      }
-
-      setFileOpenerTarget(null);
-    },
-    [currentPath, downloadSftpToTempAndOpen, ensureSftp, fileOpenerTarget, handleEditFile, isLocalSession, joinPath, sftpAutoSync, setOpenerForExtension, t],
-  );
-
-  const handleSelectSystemApp = useCallback(async (): Promise<SystemAppInfo | null> => {
-    const result = await selectApplication();
-    if (result) {
-      return { path: result.path, name: result.name };
-    }
-    return null;
-  }, [selectApplication]);
-
-  return {
-    showFileOpenerDialog,
-    setShowFileOpenerDialog,
-    fileOpenerTarget,
-    setFileOpenerTarget,
-    openFileOpenerDialog,
-    handleOpenFile,
-    handleFileOpenerSelect,
-    handleSelectSystemApp,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts.ts
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts
- * 
- * Hook that handles keyboard shortcuts for SFTPModal operations.
- * Supports select all, rename, delete, refresh, and new folder.
- * Note: Copy/Cut/Paste are not supported in the modal as it's a single-pane view.
- */
-
-import { useCallback, useEffect } from "react";
-import { KeyBinding, matchesKeyBinding } from "../../../domain/models";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-
-// SFTP Modal action names that we handle (subset of main SFTP actions)
-const SFTP_MODAL_ACTIONS = new Set([
-  "sftpSelectAll",
-  "sftpRename",
-  "sftpDelete",
-  "sftpRefresh",
-  "sftpNewFolder",
-]);
-
-interface UseSftpModalKeyboardShortcutsParams {
-  keyBindings: KeyBinding[];
-  hotkeyScheme: "disabled" | "mac" | "pc";
-  open: boolean;
-  files: RemoteFile[];
-  visibleFiles: RemoteFile[];
-  selectedFiles: Set<string>;
-  setSelectedFiles: (files: Set<string>) => void;
-  onRefresh: () => void;
-  onRename?: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  onDelete?: (fileNames: string[]) => void;
-  onNewFolder?: () => void;
-}
-
-/**
- * Check if a keyboard event matches any SFTP action
- */
-const matchSftpAction = (
-  e: KeyboardEvent,
-  keyBindings: KeyBinding[],
-  isMac: boolean
-): { action: string; binding: KeyBinding } | null => {
-  for (const binding of keyBindings) {
-    if (binding.category !== "sftp") continue;
-    const keyStr = isMac ? binding.mac : binding.pc;
-    if (matchesKeyBinding(e, keyStr, isMac)) {
-      return { action: binding.action, binding };
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-};
-
-export const useSftpModalKeyboardShortcuts = ({
-  keyBindings,
-  hotkeyScheme,
-  open,
-  files,
-  visibleFiles,
-  selectedFiles,
-  setSelectedFiles,
-  onRefresh,
-  onRename,
-  onDelete,
-  onNewFolder,
-}: UseSftpModalKeyboardShortcutsParams) => {
-  const handleKeyDown = useCallback(
-    (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
-      // Skip if shortcuts are disabled or modal is not open
-      if (hotkeyScheme === "disabled" || !open) return;
-
-      // Skip if focus is on an input element
-      const target = e.target as HTMLElement;
-      const isEditableTarget =
-        target.tagName === "INPUT" ||
-        target.tagName === "TEXTAREA" ||
-        target.isContentEditable ||
-        !!target.closest?.(".monaco-editor, .monaco-diff-editor, .monaco-inputbox");
-      if (isEditableTarget) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const isMac = hotkeyScheme === "mac";
-      const matched = matchSftpAction(e, keyBindings, isMac);
-      if (!matched) return;
-
-      const { action } = matched;
-      if (!SFTP_MODAL_ACTIONS.has(action)) return;
-
-      // Prevent default behavior
-      e.preventDefault();
-      e.stopPropagation();
-
-      switch (action) {
-        case "sftpSelectAll": {
-          // Select all files
-          const allFileNames = new Set(
-            visibleFiles.filter((f) => f.name !== "..").map((f) => f.name)
-          );
-          setSelectedFiles(allFileNames);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case "sftpRename": {
-          // Trigger rename for the first selected file
-          const selectedArray = Array.from(selectedFiles);
-          if (selectedArray.length !== 1) return;
-          const file = files.find((f) => f.name === selectedArray[0]);
-          if (file && onRename) {
-            onRename(file);
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case "sftpDelete": {
-          // Delete selected files
-          const selectedArray = Array.from(selectedFiles);
-          if (selectedArray.length === 0) return;
-          onDelete?.(selectedArray);
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case "sftpRefresh": {
-          // Refresh file list
-          onRefresh();
-          break;
-        }
-
-        case "sftpNewFolder": {
-          // Create new folder
-          onNewFolder?.();
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    [
-      hotkeyScheme,
-      open,
-      files,
-      visibleFiles,
-      selectedFiles,
-      setSelectedFiles,
-      onRefresh,
-      onRename,
-      onDelete,
-      onNewFolder,
-      keyBindings,
-    ]
-  );
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    // Use capture phase to intercept before other handlers
-    window.addEventListener("keydown", handleKeyDown, true);
-    return () => window.removeEventListener("keydown", handleKeyDown, true);
-  }, [handleKeyDown]);
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalPath.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalPath.ts
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useCallback, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import { breadcrumbPathAt, getBreadcrumbs, getRootPath, getWindowsDrive, isWindowsPath } from "../pathUtils";
-
-interface UseSftpModalPathParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  localHomePath: string | null;
-  onNavigate: (path: string) => void;
-  maxVisibleBreadcrumbParts?: number;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalPathResult {
-  isEditingPath: boolean;
-  editingPathValue: string;
-  setEditingPathValue: (value: string) => void;
-  pathInputRef: React.RefObject<HTMLInputElement>;
-  handlePathDoubleClick: () => void;
-  handlePathSubmit: () => void;
-  handlePathKeyDown: (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => void;
-  breadcrumbs: string[];
-  visibleBreadcrumbs: { part: string; originalIndex: number }[];
-  hiddenBreadcrumbs: { part: string; originalIndex: number }[];
-  needsBreadcrumbTruncation: boolean;
-  breadcrumbPathAtForIndex: (index: number) => string;
-  rootLabel: string;
-  rootPath: string;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalPath = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  localHomePath,
-  onNavigate,
-  maxVisibleBreadcrumbParts = 4,
-}: UseSftpModalPathParams): UseSftpModalPathResult => {
-  const [isEditingPath, setIsEditingPath] = useState(false);
-  const [editingPathValue, setEditingPathValue] = useState("");
-  const pathInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
-
-  const handlePathDoubleClick = () => {
-    setEditingPathValue(currentPath);
-    setIsEditingPath(true);
-    setTimeout(() => pathInputRef.current?.select(), 0);
-  };
-
-  const handlePathSubmit = () => {
-    const fallbackPath = localHomePath || getRootPath(currentPath, isLocalSession);
-    const newPath = editingPathValue.trim() || fallbackPath;
-    setIsEditingPath(false);
-    if (newPath !== currentPath) {
-      if (isLocalSession) {
-        onNavigate(newPath);
-      } else {
-        onNavigate(newPath.startsWith("/") ? newPath : `/${newPath}`);
-      }
-    }
-  };
-
-  const handlePathKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
-    if (e.key === "Enter") {
-      handlePathSubmit();
-    } else if (e.key === "Escape") {
-      setIsEditingPath(false);
-    }
-  };
-
-  const breadcrumbs = useMemo(
-    () => getBreadcrumbs(currentPath, isLocalSession),
-    [currentPath, isLocalSession],
-  );
-
-  const { visibleBreadcrumbs, hiddenBreadcrumbs, needsBreadcrumbTruncation } =
-    useMemo(() => {
-      if (breadcrumbs.length <= maxVisibleBreadcrumbParts) {
-        return {
-          visibleBreadcrumbs: breadcrumbs.map((part, idx) => ({ part, originalIndex: idx })),
-          hiddenBreadcrumbs: [] as { part: string; originalIndex: number }[],
-          needsBreadcrumbTruncation: false,
-        };
-      }
-
-      const firstPart = [{ part: breadcrumbs[0], originalIndex: 0 }];
-      const lastPartsCount = maxVisibleBreadcrumbParts - 1;
-      const lastParts = breadcrumbs.slice(-lastPartsCount).map((part, idx) => ({
-        part,
-        originalIndex: breadcrumbs.length - lastPartsCount + idx,
-      }));
-      const hidden = breadcrumbs.slice(1, -lastPartsCount).map((part, idx) => ({
-        part,
-        originalIndex: idx + 1,
-      }));
-
-      return {
-        visibleBreadcrumbs: [...firstPart, ...lastParts],
-        hiddenBreadcrumbs: hidden,
-        needsBreadcrumbTruncation: true,
-      };
-    }, [breadcrumbs, maxVisibleBreadcrumbParts]);
-
-  const breadcrumbPathAtForIndex = useCallback(
-    (index: number) =>
-      breadcrumbPathAt(breadcrumbs, index, currentPath, isLocalSession),
-    [breadcrumbs, currentPath, isLocalSession],
-  );
-
-  const rootLabel = useMemo(
-    () =>
-      isLocalSession && isWindowsPath(currentPath)
-        ? getWindowsDrive(currentPath) ?? "C:"
-        : "/",
-    [currentPath, isLocalSession],
-  );
-
-  const rootPath = useMemo(
-    () => getRootPath(currentPath, isLocalSession),
-    [currentPath, isLocalSession],
-  );
-
-  return {
-    isEditingPath,
-    editingPathValue,
-    setEditingPathValue,
-    pathInputRef,
-    handlePathDoubleClick,
-    handlePathSubmit,
-    handlePathKeyDown,
-    breadcrumbs,
-    visibleBreadcrumbs,
-    hiddenBreadcrumbs,
-    needsBreadcrumbTruncation,
-    breadcrumbPathAtForIndex,
-    rootLabel,
-    rootPath,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalPermissions.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalPermissions.ts
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
-
-interface UseSftpModalPermissionsParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  loadFiles: (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  chmodSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string, permissions: string) => Promise<void>;
-  statSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<{ permissions?: string }>;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-}
-
-interface PermissionsState {
-  owner: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-  group: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-  others: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean };
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalPermissionsResult {
-  showPermissionsDialog: boolean;
-  setShowPermissionsDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  permissionsTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  permissions: PermissionsState;
-  isChangingPermissions: boolean;
-  openPermissionsDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  togglePermission: (role: "owner" | "group" | "others", perm: "read" | "write" | "execute") => void;
-  getOctalPermissions: () => string;
-  getSymbolicPermissions: () => string;
-  handleSavePermissions: () => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalPermissions = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  joinPath,
-  ensureSftp,
-  loadFiles,
-  chmodSftp,
-  statSftp,
-  t,
-}: UseSftpModalPermissionsParams): UseSftpModalPermissionsResult => {
-  const [showPermissionsDialog, setShowPermissionsDialog] = useState(false);
-  const [permissionsTarget, setPermissionsTarget] = useState<RemoteFile | null>(null);
-  const [permissions, setPermissions] = useState<PermissionsState>({
-    owner: { read: false, write: false, execute: false },
-    group: { read: false, write: false, execute: false },
-    others: { read: false, write: false, execute: false },
-  });
-  const [isChangingPermissions, setIsChangingPermissions] = useState(false);
-
-  const parsePermissions = useCallback((perms: string | undefined) => {
-    const defaultPerms = {
-      owner: { read: false, write: false, execute: false },
-      group: { read: false, write: false, execute: false },
-      others: { read: false, write: false, execute: false },
-    };
-    if (!perms) return defaultPerms;
-
-    if (/^[0-7]{3,4}$/.test(perms)) {
-      const octal = perms.length === 4 ? perms.slice(1) : perms;
-      const ownerBits = parseInt(octal[0], 10);
-      const groupBits = parseInt(octal[1], 10);
-      const othersBits = parseInt(octal[2], 10);
-      return {
-        owner: {
-          read: (ownerBits & 4) !== 0,
-          write: (ownerBits & 2) !== 0,
-          execute: (ownerBits & 1) !== 0,
-        },
-        group: {
-          read: (groupBits & 4) !== 0,
-          write: (groupBits & 2) !== 0,
-          execute: (groupBits & 1) !== 0,
-        },
-        others: {
-          read: (othersBits & 4) !== 0,
-          write: (othersBits & 2) !== 0,
-          execute: (othersBits & 1) !== 0,
-        },
-      };
-    }
-
-    const pStr = perms.length === 10 ? perms.slice(1) : perms;
-    if (pStr.length >= 9) {
-      return {
-        owner: {
-          read: pStr[0] === "r",
-          write: pStr[1] === "w",
-          execute: pStr[2] === "x" || pStr[2] === "s",
-        },
-        group: {
-          read: pStr[3] === "r",
-          write: pStr[4] === "w",
-          execute: pStr[5] === "x" || pStr[5] === "s",
-        },
-        others: {
-          read: pStr[6] === "r",
-          write: pStr[7] === "w",
-          execute: pStr[8] === "x" || pStr[8] === "t",
-        },
-      };
-    }
-    return defaultPerms;
-  }, []);
-
-  const openPermissionsDialog = useCallback(async (file: RemoteFile) => {
-    if (isLocalSession) {
-      toast.error("Permissions not available for local files", "SFTP");
-      return;
-    }
-    setPermissionsTarget(file);
-
-    let permsStr = file.permissions;
-    try {
-      const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, file.name);
-      const stat = await statSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath);
-      if (stat.permissions) {
-        permsStr = stat.permissions;
-      }
-    } catch (e) {
-      console.warn("Failed to fetch file permissions:", e);
-    }
-
-    setPermissions(parsePermissions(permsStr));
-    setShowPermissionsDialog(true);
-  }, [currentPath, ensureSftp, isLocalSession, joinPath, parsePermissions, statSftp]);
-
-  const togglePermission = useCallback(
-    (role: "owner" | "group" | "others", perm: "read" | "write" | "execute") => {
-      setPermissions((prev) => ({
-        ...prev,
-        [role]: { ...prev[role], [perm]: !prev[role][perm] },
-      }));
-    },
-    [],
-  );
-
-  const getOctalPermissions = useCallback(() => {
-    const getNum = (p: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean }) =>
-      (p.read ? 4 : 0) + (p.write ? 2 : 0) + (p.execute ? 1 : 0);
-    return `${getNum(permissions.owner)}${getNum(permissions.group)}${getNum(permissions.others)}`;
-  }, [permissions]);
-
-  const getSymbolicPermissions = useCallback(() => {
-    const getSym = (p: { read: boolean; write: boolean; execute: boolean }) =>
-      `${p.read ? "r" : "-"}${p.write ? "w" : "-"}${p.execute ? "x" : "-"}`;
-    return (
-      getSym(permissions.owner) +
-      getSym(permissions.group) +
-      getSym(permissions.others)
-    );
-  }, [permissions]);
-
-  const handleSavePermissions = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (!permissionsTarget || isChangingPermissions) return;
-    setIsChangingPermissions(true);
-    try {
-      const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, permissionsTarget.name);
-      await chmodSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath, getOctalPermissions());
-      setShowPermissionsDialog(false);
-      setPermissionsTarget(null);
-      await loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-      toast.success(t("sftp.permissions.success"), "SFTP");
-    } catch (e) {
-      toast.error(
-        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.permissions.failed"),
-        "SFTP",
-      );
-    } finally {
-      setIsChangingPermissions(false);
-    }
-  }, [chmodSftp, currentPath, ensureSftp, getOctalPermissions, isChangingPermissions, joinPath, loadFiles, permissionsTarget, t]);
-
-  return {
-    showPermissionsDialog,
-    setShowPermissionsDialog,
-    permissionsTarget,
-    permissions,
-    isChangingPermissions,
-    openPermissionsDialog,
-    togglePermission,
-    getOctalPermissions,
-    getSymbolicPermissions,
-    handleSavePermissions,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalRename.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalRename.ts
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
-
-interface UseSftpModalRenameParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  loadFiles: (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  renameSftp: (sftpId: string, oldPath: string, newPath: string) => Promise<void>;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalRenameResult {
-  showRenameDialog: boolean;
-  setShowRenameDialog: (open: boolean) => void;
-  renameTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  renameName: string;
-  setRenameName: (value: string) => void;
-  isRenaming: boolean;
-  openRenameDialog: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  handleRename: () => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalRename = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  joinPath,
-  ensureSftp,
-  loadFiles,
-  renameSftp,
-  t,
-}: UseSftpModalRenameParams): UseSftpModalRenameResult => {
-  const [showRenameDialog, setShowRenameDialog] = useState(false);
-  const [renameTarget, setRenameTarget] = useState<RemoteFile | null>(null);
-  const [renameName, setRenameName] = useState("");
-  const [isRenaming, setIsRenaming] = useState(false);
-
-  const openRenameDialog = useCallback((file: RemoteFile) => {
-    setRenameTarget(file);
-    setRenameName(file.name);
-    setShowRenameDialog(true);
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleRename = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (!renameTarget || !renameName.trim() || isRenaming) return;
-    if (renameName.trim() === renameTarget.name) {
-      setShowRenameDialog(false);
-      return;
-    }
-    setIsRenaming(true);
-    try {
-      const oldPath = joinPath(currentPath, renameTarget.name);
-      const newPath = joinPath(currentPath, renameName.trim());
-      if (isLocalSession) {
-        toast.error("Local rename not implemented", "SFTP");
-      } else {
-        await renameSftp(await ensureSftp(), oldPath, newPath);
-      }
-      setShowRenameDialog(false);
-      setRenameTarget(null);
-      setRenameName("");
-      await loadFiles(currentPath, { force: true });
-    } catch (e) {
-      toast.error(
-        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.renameFailed"),
-        "SFTP",
-      );
-    } finally {
-      setIsRenaming(false);
-    }
-  }, [currentPath, ensureSftp, isLocalSession, joinPath, loadFiles, renameName, renameSftp, renameTarget, t, isRenaming]);
-
-  return {
-    showRenameDialog,
-    setShowRenameDialog,
-    renameTarget,
-    renameName,
-    setRenameName,
-    isRenaming,
-    openRenameDialog,
-    handleRename,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSelection.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSelection.ts
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useCallback, useRef } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-
-interface UseSftpModalSelectionParams {
-  files: RemoteFile[];
-  setSelectedFiles: (value: Set<string> | ((prev: Set<string>) => Set<string>)) => void;
-  currentPath: string;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  onNavigate: (path: string) => void;
-  onOpenFile: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-  onNavigateUp: () => void;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalSelectionResult {
-  handleFileClick: (file: RemoteFile, index: number, e: React.MouseEvent) => void;
-  handleFileDoubleClick: (file: RemoteFile) => void;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalSelection = ({
-  files,
-  setSelectedFiles,
-  currentPath,
-  joinPath,
-  onNavigate,
-  onOpenFile,
-  onNavigateUp,
-}: UseSftpModalSelectionParams): UseSftpModalSelectionResult => {
-  const lastSelectedIndexRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
-
-  const handleFileClick = useCallback(
-    (file: RemoteFile, index: number, e: React.MouseEvent) => {
-      if (file.name === "..") return;
-
-      if (file.type === "directory") {
-        if (e.shiftKey && lastSelectedIndexRef.current !== null) {
-          const start = Math.min(lastSelectedIndexRef.current, index);
-          const end = Math.max(lastSelectedIndexRef.current, index);
-          const newSelection = new Set<string>();
-          for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
-            if (files[i] && files[i].type !== "directory") {
-              newSelection.add(files[i].name);
-            }
-          }
-          setSelectedFiles(newSelection);
-        } else if (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
-          setSelectedFiles((prev) => {
-            const next = new Set(prev);
-            return next;
-          });
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (e.shiftKey && lastSelectedIndexRef.current !== null) {
-        const start = Math.min(lastSelectedIndexRef.current, index);
-        const end = Math.max(lastSelectedIndexRef.current, index);
-        const newSelection = new Set<string>();
-        for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
-          if (files[i] && files[i].type !== "directory") {
-            newSelection.add(files[i].name);
-          }
-        }
-        setSelectedFiles(newSelection);
-      } else if (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) {
-        setSelectedFiles((prev) => {
-          const next = new Set(prev);
-          if (next.has(file.name)) {
-            next.delete(file.name);
-          } else {
-            next.add(file.name);
-          }
-          return next;
-        });
-        lastSelectedIndexRef.current = index;
-      } else {
-        setSelectedFiles(new Set([file.name]));
-        lastSelectedIndexRef.current = index;
-      }
-    },
-    [files, setSelectedFiles],
-  );
-
-  const handleFileDoubleClick = useCallback(
-    (file: RemoteFile) => {
-      if (file.name === "..") {
-        onNavigateUp();
-        return;
-      }
-      if (file.type === "directory" || (file.type === "symlink" && file.linkTarget === "directory")) {
-        onNavigate(joinPath(currentPath, file.name));
-      } else {
-        onOpenFile(file);
-      }
-    },
-    [currentPath, joinPath, onNavigate, onNavigateUp, onOpenFile],
-  );
-
-  return { handleFileClick, handleFileDoubleClick };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSession.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSession.ts
@@ -1,462 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import type { Host, RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { logger } from "../../../lib/logger";
-import { isSessionError } from "../../../application/state/sftp/errors";
-import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
-
-interface UseSftpModalSessionParams {
-  open: boolean;
-  host: Host;
-  credentials: {
-    username?: string;
-    hostname: string;
-    port?: number;
-    password?: string;
-    privateKey?: string;
-    certificate?: string;
-    passphrase?: string;
-    publicKey?: string;
-    keyId?: string;
-    keySource?: "generated" | "imported";
-    proxy?: NetcattyProxyConfig;
-    jumpHosts?: NetcattyJumpHost[];
-    sftpSudo?: boolean;
-    legacyAlgorithms?: boolean;
-  };
-  initialPath?: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-  openSftp: (params: {
-    sessionId: string;
-    hostname: string;
-    username: string;
-    port: number;
-    password?: string;
-    privateKey?: string;
-    certificate?: string;
-    passphrase?: string;
-    publicKey?: string;
-    keyId?: string;
-    keySource?: "generated" | "imported";
-    proxy?: NetcattyProxyConfig;
-    jumpHosts?: NetcattyJumpHost[];
-    sudo?: boolean;
-    legacyAlgorithms?: boolean;
-  }) => Promise<string>;
-  closeSftp: (sftpId: string) => Promise<void>;
-  listSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<RemoteFile[]>;
-  listLocalDir: (path: string) => Promise<RemoteFile[]>;
-  getHomeDir: () => Promise<string | null>;
-  onClearSelection: () => void;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalSessionResult {
-  currentPath: string;
-  setCurrentPath: (path: string) => void;
-  currentPathRef: React.MutableRefObject<string>;
-  files: RemoteFile[];
-  setFiles: (files: RemoteFile[]) => void;
-  loading: boolean;
-  setLoading: (loading: boolean) => void;
-  reconnecting: boolean;
-  sessionVersion: number;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  loadFiles: (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => Promise<void>;
-  closeSftpSession: () => Promise<void>;
-  localHomeRef: React.MutableRefObject<string | null>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalSession = ({
-  open,
-  host,
-  credentials,
-  initialPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  t,
-  openSftp,
-  closeSftp,
-  listSftp,
-  listLocalDir,
-  getHomeDir,
-  onClearSelection,
-}: UseSftpModalSessionParams): UseSftpModalSessionResult => {
-  const [currentPath, setCurrentPathState] = useState("/");
-  const [files, setFiles] = useState<RemoteFile[]>([]);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
-  const [reconnecting, setReconnecting] = useState(false);
-  const [sessionVersion, setSessionVersion] = useState(0);
-  const currentPathRef = useRef(currentPath);
-  const sftpIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
-  const closingPromiseRef = useRef<Promise<void> | null>(null);
-  const initializedRef = useRef(false);
-  const initializingRef = useRef(false);
-  const lastInitialPathRef = useRef<string | undefined>(undefined);
-  const localHomeRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
-
-  const reconnectingRef = useRef(false);
-  const reconnectAttemptsRef = useRef(0);
-  const MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS = 3;
-
-  const DIR_CACHE_TTL_MS = 10_000;
-  const dirCacheRef = useRef<
-    Map<string, { files: RemoteFile[]; timestamp: number }>
-  >(new Map());
-  const loadSeqRef = useRef(0);
-  const setCurrentPath = useCallback((path: string) => {
-    currentPathRef.current = path;
-    setCurrentPathState(path);
-  }, []);
-  const bumpSessionVersion = useCallback(() => {
-    setSessionVersion((prev) => prev + 1);
-  }, []);
-
-  const ensureSftp = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (isLocalSession) throw new Error("Local session does not use SFTP");
-    if (closingPromiseRef.current) {
-      await closingPromiseRef.current;
-    }
-    if (sftpIdRef.current) return sftpIdRef.current;
-    const sftpId = await openSftp({
-      sessionId: `sftp-modal-${host.id}`,
-      hostname: credentials.hostname,
-      username: credentials.username || "root",
-      port: credentials.port || 22,
-      password: credentials.password,
-      privateKey: credentials.privateKey,
-      certificate: credentials.certificate,
-      passphrase: credentials.passphrase,
-      publicKey: credentials.publicKey,
-      keyId: credentials.keyId,
-      keySource: credentials.keySource,
-      proxy: credentials.proxy,
-      jumpHosts: credentials.jumpHosts,
-      sudo: credentials.sftpSudo,
-      legacyAlgorithms: credentials.legacyAlgorithms,
-    });
-    if (sftpIdRef.current !== sftpId) {
-      sftpIdRef.current = sftpId;
-      bumpSessionVersion();
-    }
-    return sftpId;
-  }, [
-    isLocalSession,
-    host.id,
-    credentials.hostname,
-    credentials.username,
-    credentials.port,
-    credentials.password,
-    credentials.privateKey,
-    credentials.certificate,
-    credentials.passphrase,
-    credentials.publicKey,
-    credentials.keyId,
-    credentials.keySource,
-    credentials.proxy,
-    credentials.jumpHosts,
-    credentials.sftpSudo,
-    credentials.legacyAlgorithms,
-    bumpSessionVersion,
-    openSftp,
-  ]);
-
-  const closeSftpSession = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (isLocalSession) {
-      if (sftpIdRef.current !== null) {
-        sftpIdRef.current = null;
-        bumpSessionVersion();
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Clear ref before awaiting backend close to avoid handing out a stale ID
-    // if the modal is reopened while close is still in flight.
-    const sftpIdToClose = sftpIdRef.current;
-    if (sftpIdToClose !== null) {
-      sftpIdRef.current = null;
-      bumpSessionVersion();
-    }
-    if (!sftpIdToClose) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const currentClosePromise = (async () => {
-      try {
-        await closeSftp(sftpIdToClose);
-      } catch {
-        // Silently ignore close errors - connection may already be closed
-      } finally {
-        if (closingPromiseRef.current === currentClosePromise) {
-          closingPromiseRef.current = null;
-        }
-      }
-    })();
-
-    closingPromiseRef.current = currentClosePromise;
-    await currentClosePromise;
-  }, [bumpSessionVersion, closeSftp, isLocalSession]);
-
-  // Use shared session-error classifier from errors.ts
-
-  const handleSessionError = useCallback(async () => {
-    if (reconnectingRef.current) return;
-    reconnectingRef.current = true;
-    setReconnecting(true);
-    reconnectAttemptsRef.current = 0;
-
-    while (reconnectAttemptsRef.current < MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS) {
-      try {
-        reconnectAttemptsRef.current += 1;
-        await closeSftpSession();
-        const newSftpId = await ensureSftp();
-        reconnectingRef.current = false;
-        setReconnecting(false);
-
-        // Auto-reload current directory after successful reconnect
-        try {
-          const reloadPath = currentPathRef.current;
-          const reloadRequestId = loadSeqRef.current;
-          const list = await listSftp(newSftpId, reloadPath);
-          if (
-            reloadRequestId !== loadSeqRef.current ||
-            currentPathRef.current !== reloadPath
-          ) {
-            return;
-          }
-          onClearSelection();
-          setFiles(list);
-          dirCacheRef.current.set(`${host.id}::${reloadPath}`, {
-            files: list,
-            timestamp: Date.now(),
-          });
-        } catch {
-          // Reload failed — UI still shows old data, user can manually refresh
-        }
-        return;
-      } catch (err) {
-        logger.warn(
-          `[SFTP] Reconnect attempt ${reconnectAttemptsRef.current} failed`,
-          err,
-        );
-        if (reconnectAttemptsRef.current >= MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS) {
-          reconnectingRef.current = false;
-          setReconnecting(false);
-          toast.error(t("sftp.error.reconnectFailed"), "SFTP");
-          return;
-        }
-        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
-      }
-    }
-  }, [closeSftpSession, ensureSftp, listSftp, host.id, onClearSelection, t]);
-
-  const loadFiles = useCallback(
-    async (path: string, options?: { force?: boolean }) => {
-      const requestId = ++loadSeqRef.current;
-      setLoading(true);
-      onClearSelection();
-
-      try {
-        if (isLocalSession) {
-          const list = await listLocalDir(path);
-          if (requestId === loadSeqRef.current) {
-            setFiles(list);
-          }
-          return;
-        }
-
-        const cacheKey = `${host.id}::${path}`;
-        const cached = dirCacheRef.current.get(cacheKey);
-        const isFresh =
-          cached && Date.now() - cached.timestamp < DIR_CACHE_TTL_MS;
-        if (cached && isFresh && !options?.force) {
-          setFiles(cached.files);
-          return;
-        }
-
-        const sftpId = await ensureSftp();
-        const list = await listSftp(sftpId, path);
-        if (requestId !== loadSeqRef.current) return;
-        setFiles(list);
-        dirCacheRef.current.set(cacheKey, {
-          files: list,
-          timestamp: Date.now(),
-        });
-      } catch (e) {
-        if (!isLocalSession && isSessionError(e) && files.length > 0) {
-          logger.info("[SFTP] Session lost, attempting to reconnect...");
-          handleSessionError();
-          return;
-        }
-
-        logger.error("Failed to load files", e);
-        toast.error(
-          e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.loadFailed"),
-          "SFTP",
-        );
-        setFiles([]);
-      } finally {
-        if (loadSeqRef.current === requestId) {
-          setLoading(false);
-        }
-      }
-    },
-    [ensureSftp, host.id, isLocalSession, listLocalDir, listSftp, t, handleSessionError, files.length, onClearSelection],
-  );
-
-  useLayoutEffect(() => {
-    if (!open) return;
-    const cacheKey = `${host.id}::${currentPath}`;
-    const cached = dirCacheRef.current.get(cacheKey);
-    const isFresh = cached && Date.now() - cached.timestamp < DIR_CACHE_TTL_MS;
-    if (!isFresh) {
-      setFiles([]);
-      onClearSelection();
-    }
-  }, [currentPath, host.id, onClearSelection, open]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (open) {
-      if (!initializedRef.current || lastInitialPathRef.current !== initialPath) {
-        initializedRef.current = true;
-        initializingRef.current = true;
-        lastInitialPathRef.current = initialPath;
-        onClearSelection();
-        setLoading(true);
-
-        if (isLocalSession) {
-          (async () => {
-            try {
-              const homePath = await getHomeDir();
-              localHomeRef.current = homePath ?? null;
-              const startPath = initialPath || homePath || "/";
-              try {
-                const list = await listLocalDir(startPath);
-                setCurrentPath(startPath);
-                setFiles(list);
-                dirCacheRef.current.set(`${host.id}::${startPath}`, {
-                  files: list,
-                  timestamp: Date.now(),
-                });
-              } catch (e) {
-                toast.error(
-                  e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.loadFailed"),
-                  "SFTP",
-                );
-              } finally {
-                setLoading(false);
-              }
-            } finally {
-              initializingRef.current = false;
-            }
-          })();
-          return;
-        }
-
-        (async () => {
-          try {
-            const homePath = await getHomeDir();
-            localHomeRef.current = homePath ?? null;
-            if (initialPath) {
-              try {
-                const sftpId = await ensureSftp();
-                const list = await listSftp(sftpId, initialPath);
-                setCurrentPath(initialPath);
-                setFiles(list);
-                dirCacheRef.current.set(`${host.id}::${initialPath}`, {
-                  files: list,
-                  timestamp: Date.now(),
-                });
-                setLoading(false);
-                return;
-              } catch {
-                logger.warn(
-                  `[SFTP] Initial path ${initialPath} not accessible, falling back to home`,
-                );
-              }
-            }
-
-            try {
-              const sftpId = await ensureSftp();
-              const list = await listSftp(sftpId, homePath || "/");
-              setCurrentPath(homePath || "/");
-              setFiles(list);
-              dirCacheRef.current.set(`${host.id}::${homePath || "/"}`, {
-                files: list,
-                timestamp: Date.now(),
-              });
-              setLoading(false);
-            } catch {
-              logger.warn(`[SFTP] Home ${homePath} not accessible, using /`);
-              try {
-                const sftpId = await ensureSftp();
-                const list = await listSftp(sftpId, "/");
-                setCurrentPath("/");
-                setFiles(list);
-                dirCacheRef.current.set(`${host.id}::/`, {
-                  files: list,
-                  timestamp: Date.now(),
-                });
-              } catch (e) {
-                logger.error("[SFTP] Failed to load root directory", e);
-                toast.error(t("sftp.error.loadFailed"), "SFTP");
-              } finally {
-                setLoading(false);
-              }
-            }
-          } finally {
-            initializingRef.current = false;
-          }
-        })();
-        return;
-      }
-      // Skip redundant loadFiles while async initialization is still in flight.
-      // Without this guard, dependency changes (e.g. loadFiles recreation from
-      // files.length change) can re-trigger this effect and call loadFiles with
-      // the stale currentPath before the initialization IIFE has resolved and
-      // updated currentPathRef — causing uploads to target the wrong directory.
-      if (!initializingRef.current) {
-        void loadFiles(currentPath);
-      }
-    } else {
-      loadSeqRef.current += 1;
-      initializedRef.current = false;
-      initializingRef.current = false;
-    }
-  }, [
-    closeSftpSession,
-    currentPath,
-    ensureSftp,
-    getHomeDir,
-    host.id,
-    initialPath,
-    isLocalSession,
-    listLocalDir,
-    listSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    onClearSelection,
-    open,
-    setCurrentPath,
-    t,
-  ]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    return () => {
-      void closeSftpSession();
-    };
-  }, [closeSftpSession]);
-
-  return {
-    currentPath,
-    setCurrentPath,
-    currentPathRef,
-    files,
-    setFiles,
-    loading,
-    setLoading,
-    reconnecting,
-    sessionVersion,
-    ensureSftp,
-    loadFiles,
-    closeSftpSession,
-    localHomeRef,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSorting.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalSorting.ts
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useCallback, useRef, useState } from "react";
-
-export type SortField = "name" | "size" | "modified";
-export type SortOrder = "asc" | "desc";
-
-interface UseSftpModalSortingResult {
-  sortField: SortField;
-  sortOrder: SortOrder;
-  columnWidths: { name: number; size: number; modified: number; actions: number };
-  handleSort: (field: SortField) => void;
-  handleResizeStart: (field: string, e: React.MouseEvent) => void;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalSorting = (): UseSftpModalSortingResult => {
-  const [sortField, setSortField] = useState<SortField>("name");
-  const [sortOrder, setSortOrder] = useState<SortOrder>("asc");
-  const [columnWidths, setColumnWidths] = useState({
-    name: 45,
-    size: 15,
-    modified: 25,
-    actions: 15,
-  });
-
-  const resizingRef = useRef<{
-    field: string;
-    startX: number;
-    startWidth: number;
-  } | null>(null);
-
-  const handleSort = (field: SortField) => {
-    if (sortField === field) {
-      setSortOrder((prev) => (prev === "asc" ? "desc" : "asc"));
-    } else {
-      setSortField(field);
-      setSortOrder("asc");
-    }
-  };
-
-  const handleResizeMove = useCallback((e: MouseEvent) => {
-    if (!resizingRef.current) return;
-    const diff = e.clientX - resizingRef.current.startX;
-    const newWidth = Math.max(
-      10,
-      Math.min(60, resizingRef.current.startWidth + diff / 5),
-    );
-    setColumnWidths((prev) => ({
-      ...prev,
-      [resizingRef.current!.field]: newWidth,
-    }));
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleResizeEnd = useCallback(() => {
-    resizingRef.current = null;
-    document.removeEventListener("mousemove", handleResizeMove);
-    document.removeEventListener("mouseup", handleResizeEnd);
-  }, [handleResizeMove]);
-
-  const handleResizeStart = (field: string, e: React.MouseEvent) => {
-    e.preventDefault();
-    resizingRef.current = {
-      field,
-      startX: e.clientX,
-      startWidth: columnWidths[field as keyof typeof columnWidths],
-    };
-    document.addEventListener("mousemove", handleResizeMove);
-    document.addEventListener("mouseup", handleResizeEnd);
-  };
-
-  return {
-    sortField,
-    sortOrder,
-    columnWidths,
-    handleSort,
-    handleResizeStart,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalTextEditor.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalTextEditor.ts
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
-
-interface UseSftpModalTextEditorParams {
-  currentPath: string;
-  isLocalSession: boolean;
-  joinPath: (base: string, name: string) => string;
-  ensureSftp: () => Promise<string>;
-  readLocalFile: (path: string) => Promise<ArrayBuffer>;
-  readSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<string>;
-  writeLocalFile: (path: string, data: ArrayBuffer) => Promise<void>;
-  writeSftp: (sftpId: string, path: string, data: string) => Promise<void>;
-  t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalTextEditorResult {
-  showTextEditor: boolean;
-  setShowTextEditor: (open: boolean) => void;
-  textEditorTarget: RemoteFile | null;
-  setTextEditorTarget: (target: RemoteFile | null) => void;
-  textEditorContent: string;
-  setTextEditorContent: (value: string) => void;
-  loadingTextContent: boolean;
-  handleEditFile: (file: RemoteFile) => Promise<void>;
-  handleSaveTextFile: (content: string) => Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalTextEditor = ({
-  currentPath,
-  isLocalSession,
-  joinPath,
-  ensureSftp,
-  readLocalFile,
-  readSftp,
-  writeLocalFile,
-  writeSftp,
-  t,
-}: UseSftpModalTextEditorParams): UseSftpModalTextEditorResult => {
-  const [showTextEditor, setShowTextEditor] = useState(false);
-  const [textEditorTarget, setTextEditorTarget] = useState<RemoteFile | null>(null);
-  const [textEditorContent, setTextEditorContent] = useState("");
-  const [loadingTextContent, setLoadingTextContent] = useState(false);
-
-  const handleEditFile = useCallback(async (file: RemoteFile) => {
-    try {
-      setLoadingTextContent(true);
-      setTextEditorTarget(file);
-      const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, file.name);
-      const content = isLocalSession
-        ? await readLocalFile(fullPath).then((buf) => new TextDecoder().decode(buf))
-        : await readSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath);
-      setTextEditorContent(content);
-      setShowTextEditor(true);
-    } catch (e) {
-      toast.error(
-        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("sftp.error.loadFailed"),
-        "SFTP",
-      );
-    } finally {
-      setLoadingTextContent(false);
-    }
-  }, [currentPath, ensureSftp, isLocalSession, joinPath, readLocalFile, readSftp, t]);
-
-  const handleSaveTextFile = useCallback(async (content: string) => {
-    if (!textEditorTarget) return;
-    const fullPath = joinPath(currentPath, textEditorTarget.name);
-    if (isLocalSession) {
-      const encoder = new TextEncoder();
-      await writeLocalFile(fullPath, encoder.encode(content).buffer);
-    } else {
-      await writeSftp(await ensureSftp(), fullPath, content);
-    }
-  }, [currentPath, ensureSftp, isLocalSession, joinPath, textEditorTarget, writeLocalFile, writeSftp]);
-
-  return {
-    showTextEditor,
-    setShowTextEditor,
-    textEditorTarget,
-    setTextEditorTarget,
-    textEditorContent,
-    setTextEditorContent,
-    loadingTextContent,
-    handleEditFile,
-    handleSaveTextFile,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalTransfers.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalTransfers.ts
--- a/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalVirtualList.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/hooks/useSftpModalVirtualList.ts
@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
-import type { RemoteFile } from "../../../types";
-
-interface UseSftpModalVirtualListParams {
-  open: boolean;
-  sortedFiles: RemoteFile[];
-}
-
-interface UseSftpModalVirtualListResult {
-  fileListRef: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
-  rowHeight: number;
-  handleFileListScroll: (e: React.UIEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => void;
-  shouldVirtualize: boolean;
-  totalHeight: number;
-  visibleRows: { file: RemoteFile; index: number; top: number }[];
-}
-
-export const useSftpModalVirtualList = ({
-  open,
-  sortedFiles,
-}: UseSftpModalVirtualListParams): UseSftpModalVirtualListResult => {
-  const fileListRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
-  const scrollFrameRef = useRef<number | null>(null);
-  const [scrollTop, setScrollTop] = useState(0);
-  const [viewportHeight, setViewportHeight] = useState(0);
-  const [rowHeight, setRowHeight] = useState(40);
-
-  useLayoutEffect(() => {
-    const container = fileListRef.current;
-    if (!container || !open) return;
-    const update = () => setViewportHeight(container.clientHeight);
-    update();
-    const raf = window.requestAnimationFrame(update);
-    const resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(update);
-    resizeObserver.observe(container);
-    return () => {
-      resizeObserver.disconnect();
-      window.cancelAnimationFrame(raf);
-    };
-  }, [open, sortedFiles.length]);
-
-  useLayoutEffect(() => {
-    const container = fileListRef.current;
-    if (!container || !open || sortedFiles.length === 0) return;
-    const raf = window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-      const rowElement = container.querySelector(
-        '[data-sftp-modal-row="true"]',
-      ) as HTMLElement | null;
-      if (!rowElement) return;
-      const nextHeight = Math.round(rowElement.getBoundingClientRect().height);
-      if (nextHeight && Math.abs(nextHeight - rowHeight) > 1) {
-        setRowHeight(nextHeight);
-      }
-    });
-    return () => window.cancelAnimationFrame(raf);
-  }, [open, rowHeight, sortedFiles.length]);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    return () => {
-      if (scrollFrameRef.current !== null) {
-        window.cancelAnimationFrame(scrollFrameRef.current);
-      }
-    };
-  }, []);
-
-  const handleFileListScroll = useCallback(
-    (e: React.UIEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
-      const nextTop = e.currentTarget.scrollTop;
-      if (scrollFrameRef.current !== null) return;
-      scrollFrameRef.current = window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-        scrollFrameRef.current = null;
-        setScrollTop(nextTop);
-      });
-    },
-    [],
-  );
-
-  const { shouldVirtualize, totalHeight, visibleRows } = useMemo(() => {
-    const overscan = 6;
-    const canVirtualize = open && viewportHeight > 0 && rowHeight > 0;
-    const shouldVirtualizeLocal = canVirtualize && sortedFiles.length > 50;
-    const totalHeightLocal = shouldVirtualizeLocal
-      ? sortedFiles.length * rowHeight
-      : 0;
-    const startIndex = shouldVirtualizeLocal
-      ? Math.max(0, Math.floor(scrollTop / rowHeight) - overscan)
-      : 0;
-    const endIndex = shouldVirtualizeLocal
-      ? Math.min(
-        sortedFiles.length - 1,
-        Math.ceil((scrollTop + viewportHeight) / rowHeight) + overscan,
-      )
-      : sortedFiles.length - 1;
-    const visibleRowsLocal = shouldVirtualizeLocal
-      ? sortedFiles
-        .slice(startIndex, endIndex + 1)
-        .map((file, idx) => ({
-          file,
-          index: startIndex + idx,
-          top: (startIndex + idx) * rowHeight,
-        }))
-      : sortedFiles.map((file, index) => ({
-        file,
-        index,
-        top: 0,
-      }));
-
-    return {
-      shouldVirtualize: shouldVirtualizeLocal,
-      totalHeight: totalHeightLocal,
-      visibleRows: visibleRowsLocal,
-    };
-  }, [open, rowHeight, scrollTop, sortedFiles, viewportHeight]);
-
-  return {
-    fileListRef,
-    rowHeight,
-    handleFileListScroll,
-    shouldVirtualize,
-    totalHeight,
-    visibleRows,
-  };
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/pathUtils.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/pathUtils.ts
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-export const isWindowsPath = (path: string): boolean => /^[A-Za-z]:/.test(path);
-
-export const normalizeWindowsRoot = (path: string): string => {
-  const normalized = path.replace(/\//g, "\\");
-  if (/^[A-Za-z]:\\$/.test(normalized)) return normalized;
-  if (/^[A-Za-z]:$/.test(normalized)) return `${normalized}\\`;
-  return normalized;
-};
-
-export const joinPath = (base: string, name: string, isLocalSession: boolean): string => {
-  if (isLocalSession && isWindowsPath(base)) {
-    const normalizedBase = normalizeWindowsRoot(base).replace(/[\\/]+$/, "");
-    return `${normalizedBase}\\${name}`;
-  }
-  if (base === "/") return `/${name}`;
-  return `${base}/${name}`;
-};
-
-export const isRootPath = (path: string, isLocalSession: boolean): boolean => {
-  if (isLocalSession && isWindowsPath(path)) {
-    return /^[A-Za-z]:\\?$/.test(path.replace(/\//g, "\\"));
-  }
-  return path === "/";
-};
-
-export const getParentPath = (path: string, isLocalSession: boolean): string => {
-  if (isLocalSession && isWindowsPath(path)) {
-    const normalized = normalizeWindowsRoot(path).replace(/[\\]+$/, "");
-    const drive = normalized.slice(0, 2);
-    if (/^[A-Za-z]:$/.test(normalized) || /^[A-Za-z]:\\$/.test(normalized)) {
-      return `${drive}\\`;
-    }
-    const rest = normalized.slice(2).replace(/^[\\]+/, "");
-    const parts = rest ? rest.split(/[\\]+/).filter(Boolean) : [];
-    if (parts.length <= 1) return `${drive}\\`;
-    parts.pop();
-    return `${drive}\\${parts.join("\\")}`;
-  }
-  if (path === "/") return "/";
-  const parts = path.split("/").filter(Boolean);
-  parts.pop();
-  return parts.length ? `/${parts.join("/")}` : "/";
-};
-
-export const getRootPath = (path: string, isLocalSession: boolean): string => {
-  if (isLocalSession && isWindowsPath(path)) {
-    const drive = path.replace(/\//g, "\\").slice(0, 2);
-    return `${drive}\\`;
-  }
-  return "/";
-};
-
-export const getWindowsDrive = (path: string): string | null => {
-  if (!isWindowsPath(path)) return null;
-  const normalized = path.replace(/\//g, "\\");
-  return /^[A-Za-z]:/.test(normalized) ? normalized.slice(0, 2) : null;
-};
-
-export const getBreadcrumbs = (path: string, isLocalSession: boolean): string[] => {
-  if (isLocalSession && isWindowsPath(path)) {
-    const normalized = normalizeWindowsRoot(path).replace(/[\\]+$/, "");
-    const rest = normalized.slice(2).replace(/^[\\]+/, "");
-    const parts = rest ? rest.split(/[\\]+/).filter(Boolean) : [];
-    return parts;
-  }
-  return path === "/" ? [] : path.split("/").filter(Boolean);
-};
-
-export const breadcrumbPathAt = (
-  breadcrumbs: string[],
-  idx: number,
-  currentPath: string,
-  isLocalSession: boolean,
-): string => {
-  if (isLocalSession) {
-    const drive = getWindowsDrive(currentPath);
-    if (drive) {
-      const rest = breadcrumbs.slice(0, idx + 1).join("\\");
-      return rest ? `${drive}\\${rest}` : `${drive}\\`;
-    }
-  }
-  return "/" + breadcrumbs.slice(0, idx + 1).join("/");
-};
--- a/components/sftp-modal/utils.ts
+++ b/components/sftp-modal/utils.ts
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-export const formatBytes = (bytes: number | string): string => {
-  const numBytes = typeof bytes === "string" ? parseInt(bytes, 10) : bytes;
-  if (isNaN(numBytes) || numBytes === 0) return "0 B";
-  const units = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"];
-  const i = Math.floor(Math.log(numBytes) / Math.log(1024));
-  const size = numBytes / Math.pow(1024, i);
-  return `${size.toFixed(i === 0 ? 0 : 1)} ${units[i]}`;
-};
-
-export const formatDate = (dateStr: string | number | undefined): string => {
-  if (!dateStr) return "--";
-  const date = typeof dateStr === "number" ? new Date(dateStr) : new Date(dateStr);
-  if (isNaN(date.getTime())) return String(dateStr);
-  const pad = (value: number) => value.toString().padStart(2, "0");
-  return `${date.getFullYear()}-${pad(date.getMonth() + 1)}-${pad(date.getDate())} ${pad(date.getHours())}:${pad(date.getMinutes())}`;
-};
--- a/components/sftp/SftpPaneFileList.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp/SftpPaneFileList.tsx
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ export const SftpPaneFileList: React.FC<SftpPaneFileListProps> = ({
                {t("sftp.context.edit")}
              </ContextMenuItem>
            )}
-            {!isNavigableDirectory(entry) && onDownloadFile && (
+            {onDownloadFile &&
+              (!isNavigableDirectory(entry) || !pane.connection?.isLocal) && (
              <ContextMenuItem onClick={() => onDownloadFile(entry)}>
                <Download size={14} className="mr-2" />{" "}
                {t("sftp.context.download")}
--- a/components/sftp/SftpTransferItem.tsx
+++ b/components/sftp/SftpTransferItem.tsx
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
 } from 'lucide-react';
 import React, { memo } from 'react';
 import { getParentPath } from '../../application/state/sftp/utils';
+import { useI18n } from '../../application/i18n/I18nProvider';
 import { cn } from '../../lib/utils';
 import { TransferTask } from '../../types';
 import { Button } from '../ui/button';
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ const SftpTransferItemInner: React.FC<SftpTransferItemProps> = ({
    canRevealTarget = false,
    onRevealTarget,
 }) => {
+    const { t } = useI18n();
+    const hasKnownTotal = task.totalBytes > 0;
    const progress = task.totalBytes > 0 ? Math.min((task.transferredBytes / task.totalBytes) * 100, 100) : 0;

    // Calculate remaining time from backend-reported sliding-window speed
@@ -42,7 +45,7 @@ const SftpTransferItemInner: React.FC<SftpTransferItemProps> = ({
    const effectiveSpeed = task.status === 'transferring'
        ? (Number.isFinite(task.speed) && task.speed > 0 ? task.speed : 0)
        : 0;
-    const remainingTime = effectiveSpeed > 0
+    const remainingTime = hasKnownTotal && effectiveSpeed > 0
        ? Math.ceil(remainingBytes / effectiveSpeed)
        : 0;
    const remainingFormatted = remainingTime > 60
@@ -54,6 +57,8 @@ const SftpTransferItemInner: React.FC<SftpTransferItemProps> = ({
    // Format bytes transferred / total
    const bytesDisplay = task.status === 'transferring' && task.totalBytes > 0
        ? `${formatTransferBytes(task.transferredBytes)} / ${formatTransferBytes(task.totalBytes)}`
+        : task.status === 'transferring'
+            ? formatTransferBytes(task.transferredBytes)
        : task.status === 'completed' && task.totalBytes > 0
            ? formatTransferBytes(task.totalBytes)
            : '';
@@ -99,12 +104,14 @@ const SftpTransferItemInner: React.FC<SftpTransferItemProps> = ({
                            <div
                                className={cn(
                                    "h-full rounded-full relative overflow-hidden",
-                                    task.status === 'pending'
+                                    task.status === 'pending' || (task.status === 'transferring' && !hasKnownTotal)
                                        ? "bg-muted-foreground/50 animate-pulse"
                                        : "bg-gradient-to-r from-primary via-primary/90 to-primary"
                                )}
                                style={{
-                                    width: task.status === 'pending' ? '100%' : `${progress}%`,
+                                    width: task.status === 'pending' || (task.status === 'transferring' && !hasKnownTotal)
+                                        ? '100%'
+                                        : `${progress}%`,
                                    transition: 'width 150ms ease-out'
                                }}
                            >
@@ -121,7 +128,11 @@ const SftpTransferItemInner: React.FC<SftpTransferItemProps> = ({
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground shrink-0 min-w-[34px] text-right font-mono">
-                            {task.status === 'pending' ? 'waiting...' : `${Math.round(progress)}%`}
+                            {task.status === 'pending'
+                                ? 'waiting...'
+                                : hasKnownTotal
+                                    ? `${Math.round(progress)}%`
+                                    : '...'}
                        </span>
                    </div>
                )}
@@ -130,6 +141,11 @@ const SftpTransferItemInner: React.FC<SftpTransferItemProps> = ({
                        {bytesDisplay}
                    </div>
                )}
+                {task.status === 'transferring' && !hasKnownTotal && (
+                    <div className="text-[9px] text-muted-foreground mt-0.5">
+                        {t('sftp.transfers.calculatingTotal')}
+                    </div>
+                )}
                {task.status === 'completed' && bytesDisplay && (
                    <div className="text-[9px] text-green-600 mt-0.5">
                        Completed - {bytesDisplay}
@@ -196,10 +212,13 @@ const arePropsEqual = (
    // Always re-render on fileName change
    if (prev.fileName !== next.fileName) return false;
    if (prev.targetPath !== next.targetPath) return false;
+    if (prev.totalBytes !== next.totalBytes) return false;
    if ((prevProps.canRevealTarget ?? false) !== (nextProps.canRevealTarget ?? false)) return false;

    // For transferring status, allow frequent re-renders for smooth progress bar
    if (next.status === 'transferring') {
+        if (next.totalBytes <= 0 && prev.transferredBytes !== next.transferredBytes) return false;
+
        // Re-render on any meaningful progress change (0.1% for smooth bar animation)
        const prevProgress = prev.totalBytes > 0 ? (prev.transferredBytes / prev.totalBytes) * 100 : 0;
        const nextProgress = next.totalBytes > 0 ? (next.transferredBytes / next.totalBytes) * 100 : 0;
--- a/components/sftp/hooks/useSftpViewFileOps.ts
+++ b/components/sftp/hooks/useSftpViewFileOps.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import React, { useCallback, useState } from "react";
 import type { MutableRefObject } from "react";
-import type { SftpFileEntry } from "../../../types";
+import type { RemoteFile, SftpFileEntry, SftpFilenameEncoding } from "../../../types";
+import { joinPath as joinFsPath } from "../../../application/state/sftp/utils";
 import type { SftpStateApi } from "../../../application/state/useSftpState";
 import { logger } from "../../../lib/logger";
 import { toast } from "../../ui/toast";
@@ -20,7 +21,11 @@ interface UseSftpViewFileOpsParams {
    systemApp?: SystemAppInfo,
  ) => void;
  t: (key: string, vars?: Record<string, string | number>) => string;
+  listSftp?: (sftpId: string, path: string, encoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding) => Promise<RemoteFile[]>;
+  mkdirLocal?: (path: string) => Promise<unknown>;
+  deleteLocalFile?: (path: string) => Promise<unknown>;
  showSaveDialog?: (defaultPath: string, filters?: Array<{ name: string; extensions: string[] }>) => Promise<string | null>;
+  selectDirectory?: (title?: string, defaultPath?: string) => Promise<string | null>;
  startStreamTransfer?: (
    options: {
      transferId: string;
@@ -31,6 +36,8 @@ interface UseSftpViewFileOpsParams {
      sourceSftpId?: string;
      targetSftpId?: string;
      totalBytes?: number;
+      sourceEncoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding;
+      targetEncoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding;
    },
    onProgress?: (transferred: number, total: number, speed: number) => void,
    onComplete?: () => void,
@@ -105,7 +112,11 @@ export const useSftpViewFileOps = ({
  getOpenerForFileRef,
  setOpenerForExtension,
  t,
+  listSftp,
+  mkdirLocal,
+  deleteLocalFile,
  showSaveDialog,
+  selectDirectory,
  startStreamTransfer,
  getSftpIdForConnection,
 }: UseSftpViewFileOpsParams): UseSftpViewFileOpsResult => {
@@ -363,10 +374,16 @@ export const useSftpViewFileOps = ({
      if (!pane.connection) return;

      const fullPath = sftpRef.current.joinPath(pane.connection.currentPath, file.name);
+      const isDirectory = isNavigableDirectory(file);

      try {
-        // For local files, use blob download
+        // For local files, use blob download.
        if (pane.connection.isLocal) {
+          if (isDirectory) {
+            toast.error(t("sftp.error.downloadFailed"), "SFTP");
+            return;
+          }
+
          const content = await sftpRef.current.readBinaryFile(side, fullPath);

          const blob = new Blob([content], { type: "application/octet-stream" });
@@ -383,7 +400,7 @@ export const useSftpViewFileOps = ({
          return;
        }

-        // For remote SFTP files, use streaming download with save dialog
+        // For remote SFTP files/directories, use streaming download with save dialog.
        if (!showSaveDialog || !startStreamTransfer || !getSftpIdForConnection) {
          toast.error(t("sftp.error.downloadFailed"), "SFTP");
          return;
@@ -394,6 +411,413 @@ export const useSftpViewFileOps = ({
          throw new Error("SFTP session not found");
        }

+        if (isDirectory) {
+          if (!listSftp || !mkdirLocal || !selectDirectory) {
+            toast.error(t("sftp.error.downloadFailed"), "SFTP");
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const selectedDirectory = await selectDirectory(t("sftp.context.download"));
+          if (!selectedDirectory) return;
+
+          const targetPath = joinFsPath(selectedDirectory, file.name);
+
+          const transferId = `download-dir-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`;
+          let completedBytes = 0;
+          const MAX_SYMLINK_DEPTH = 32;
+          const DIRECTORY_DOWNLOAD_MAX_CONCURRENCY = 10;
+          const activeChildTransferIds = new Set<string>();
+          const activeFileProgress = new Map<string, { transferred: number; speed: number }>();
+          const activeFileSizes = new Map<string, number>();
+          const visitedPaths = new Set<string>();
+          const directoryTaskQueue: Array<{
+            type: "directory";
+            remotePath: string;
+            localPath: string;
+            symlinkDepth: number;
+          }> = [];
+          const fileTaskQueue: Array<{
+            type: "file";
+            remotePath: string;
+            localPath: string;
+            size: number;
+          }> = [];
+          let pendingDirectoryTasks = 0;
+          let discoveredTotalBytes = 0;
+          let estimatedTotalBytes = 0;
+          let activeQueueTasks = 0;
+
+          const isTaskCancelled = () =>
+            sftpRef.current.transfers.some(
+              (task) => task.id === transferId && task.status === "cancelled",
+            );
+
+          const updateAggregateProgress = () => {
+            let activeTransferredBytes = 0;
+            let activeSpeed = 0;
+
+            for (const progress of activeFileProgress.values()) {
+              activeTransferredBytes += progress.transferred;
+              activeSpeed += progress.speed;
+            }
+
+            sftpRef.current.updateExternalUpload(transferId, {
+              fileName: pendingDirectoryTasks > 0 ? `${file.name} (${t("sftp.upload.scanning")})` : file.name,
+              transferredBytes: completedBytes + activeTransferredBytes,
+              totalBytes: estimatedTotalBytes > 0 ? estimatedTotalBytes : 0,
+              speed: activeSpeed,
+            });
+          };
+
+          const cancelActiveChildTransfers = async () => {
+            await Promise.all(
+              Array.from(activeChildTransferIds).map((childTransferId) =>
+                sftpRef.current.cancelTransfer(childTransferId).catch(() => undefined),
+              ),
+            );
+          };
+
+          const maybeFinalizeDiscovery = () => {
+            if (pendingDirectoryTasks === 0) {
+              estimatedTotalBytes = discoveredTotalBytes;
+              updateAggregateProgress();
+            }
+          };
+
+          const getDynamicConcurrencyLimit = () => {
+            let largeFiles = 0;
+            let mediumFiles = 0;
+
+            for (const size of activeFileSizes.values()) {
+              if (size >= 32 * 1024 * 1024) largeFiles += 1;
+              else if (size >= 1 * 1024 * 1024) mediumFiles += 1;
+            }
+
+            if (largeFiles > 0) return 2;
+            if (mediumFiles >= 2) return 4;
+            if (mediumFiles === 1) return 5;
+            return DIRECTORY_DOWNLOAD_MAX_CONCURRENCY;
+          };
+
+          const enqueueDirectoryTask = (task: {
+            type: "directory";
+            remotePath: string;
+            localPath: string;
+            symlinkDepth: number;
+          }) => {
+            directoryTaskQueue.push(task);
+          };
+
+          const enqueueFileTask = (task: {
+            type: "file";
+            remotePath: string;
+            localPath: string;
+            size: number;
+          }) => {
+            const insertIndex = fileTaskQueue.findIndex((queuedTask) => queuedTask.size > task.size);
+            if (insertIndex === -1) {
+              fileTaskQueue.push(task);
+            } else {
+              fileTaskQueue.splice(insertIndex, 0, task);
+            }
+          };
+
+          const dequeueTask = () => {
+            if (pendingDirectoryTasks > 0 && directoryTaskQueue.length > 0) {
+              return directoryTaskQueue.shift() ?? null;
+            }
+            if (fileTaskQueue.length > 0) return fileTaskQueue.shift() ?? null;
+            if (directoryTaskQueue.length > 0) return directoryTaskQueue.shift() ?? null;
+            return null;
+          };
+
+          const processFileTask = async (task: {
+            type: "file";
+            remotePath: string;
+            localPath: string;
+            size: number;
+          }) => {
+            const childTransferId = `download-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}`;
+            activeChildTransferIds.add(childTransferId);
+            activeFileSizes.set(childTransferId, task.size);
+            activeFileProgress.set(childTransferId, { transferred: 0, speed: 0 });
+            updateAggregateProgress();
+
+            try {
+              await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+                startStreamTransfer(
+                  {
+                    transferId: childTransferId,
+                    sourcePath: task.remotePath,
+                    targetPath: task.localPath,
+                    sourceType: "sftp",
+                    targetType: "local",
+                    sourceSftpId: sftpId,
+                    totalBytes: task.size,
+                    sourceEncoding: pane.filenameEncoding,
+                  },
+                  (transferred, _total, speed) => {
+                    if (isTaskCancelled()) {
+                      sftpRef.current.cancelTransfer(childTransferId).catch(() => undefined);
+                      return;
+                    }
+
+                    activeFileProgress.set(childTransferId, {
+                      transferred,
+                      speed: Number.isFinite(speed) && speed > 0 ? speed : 0,
+                    });
+                    updateAggregateProgress();
+                  },
+                  () => {
+                    completedBytes += task.size;
+                    activeChildTransferIds.delete(childTransferId);
+                    activeFileSizes.delete(childTransferId);
+                    activeFileProgress.delete(childTransferId);
+                    updateAggregateProgress();
+                    resolve();
+                  },
+                  (error) => {
+                    activeChildTransferIds.delete(childTransferId);
+                    activeFileSizes.delete(childTransferId);
+                    activeFileProgress.delete(childTransferId);
+                    updateAggregateProgress();
+                    reject(new Error(error));
+                  },
+                )
+                  .then((result) => {
+                    if (result === undefined) {
+                      activeChildTransferIds.delete(childTransferId);
+                      activeFileSizes.delete(childTransferId);
+                      activeFileProgress.delete(childTransferId);
+                      updateAggregateProgress();
+                      reject(new Error("Stream transfer unavailable"));
+                    } else if (result.error) {
+                      activeChildTransferIds.delete(childTransferId);
+                      activeFileSizes.delete(childTransferId);
+                      activeFileProgress.delete(childTransferId);
+                      updateAggregateProgress();
+                      reject(new Error(result.error));
+                    }
+                  })
+                  .catch(reject);
+              });
+            } finally {
+              activeChildTransferIds.delete(childTransferId);
+              activeFileSizes.delete(childTransferId);
+              activeFileProgress.delete(childTransferId);
+            }
+          };
+
+          const processDirectoryTask = async (task: {
+            type: "directory";
+            remotePath: string;
+            localPath: string;
+            symlinkDepth: number;
+          }) => {
+            if (visitedPaths.has(task.remotePath)) {
+              pendingDirectoryTasks -= 1;
+              maybeFinalizeDiscovery();
+              return;
+            }
+
+            visitedPaths.add(task.remotePath);
+
+            if (isTaskCancelled()) {
+              throw new Error("Transfer cancelled");
+            }
+
+            const entries = await listSftp(sftpId, task.remotePath, pane.filenameEncoding);
+
+            for (const entry of entries) {
+              if (entry.name === ".." || entry.name === ".") continue;
+
+              if (isTaskCancelled()) {
+                await cancelActiveChildTransfers();
+                throw new Error("Transfer cancelled");
+              }
+
+              const remoteEntryPath = sftpRef.current.joinPath(task.remotePath, entry.name);
+              const localEntryPath = joinFsPath(task.localPath, entry.name);
+              const isRealDir = entry.type === "directory";
+              const isSymlinkDir =
+                entry.type === "symlink" && entry.linkTarget === "directory";
+
+              if (isRealDir || isSymlinkDir) {
+                if (isSymlinkDir && task.symlinkDepth >= MAX_SYMLINK_DEPTH) {
+                  throw new Error(
+                    "Maximum symlink directory depth exceeded (possible symlink cycle)",
+                  );
+                }
+
+                try {
+                  await mkdirLocal(localEntryPath);
+                } catch (mkdirErr: unknown) {
+                  const isEEXIST =
+                    mkdirErr instanceof Error && mkdirErr.message.includes("EEXIST");
+                  if (!isEEXIST) throw mkdirErr;
+                }
+
+                pendingDirectoryTasks += 1;
+                enqueueDirectoryTask({
+                  type: "directory",
+                  remotePath: remoteEntryPath,
+                  localPath: localEntryPath,
+                  symlinkDepth: isSymlinkDir ? task.symlinkDepth + 1 : task.symlinkDepth,
+                });
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              const entrySize =
+                typeof entry.size === "string"
+                  ? parseInt(String(entry.size), 10) || 0
+                  : entry.size || 0;
+              discoveredTotalBytes += entrySize;
+              enqueueFileTask({
+                type: "file",
+                remotePath: remoteEntryPath,
+                localPath: localEntryPath,
+                size: entrySize,
+              });
+            }
+
+            pendingDirectoryTasks -= 1;
+            maybeFinalizeDiscovery();
+          };
+
+          const runQueue = async () =>
+            new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+              let settled = false;
+
+              const pump = () => {
+                if (settled) return;
+
+                if (isTaskCancelled()) {
+                  settled = true;
+                  void cancelActiveChildTransfers().finally(() =>
+                    reject(new Error("Transfer cancelled")),
+                  );
+                  return;
+                }
+
+                while (
+                  activeQueueTasks < getDynamicConcurrencyLimit()
+                ) {
+                  const nextTask = dequeueTask();
+                  if (!nextTask) break;
+
+                  activeQueueTasks += 1;
+                  Promise.resolve(
+                    nextTask.type === "directory"
+                      ? processDirectoryTask(nextTask)
+                      : processFileTask(nextTask),
+                  )
+                    .then(() => {
+                      activeQueueTasks -= 1;
+                      if (
+                        !settled &&
+                        fileTaskQueue.length === 0 &&
+                        directoryTaskQueue.length === 0 &&
+                        activeQueueTasks === 0 &&
+                        pendingDirectoryTasks === 0
+                      ) {
+                        settled = true;
+                        resolve();
+                        return;
+                      }
+                      pump();
+                    })
+                    .catch((error) => {
+                      if (settled) return;
+                      settled = true;
+                      void cancelActiveChildTransfers().finally(() => reject(error));
+                    });
+                }
+
+                if (
+                  !settled &&
+                  fileTaskQueue.length === 0 &&
+                  directoryTaskQueue.length === 0 &&
+                  activeQueueTasks === 0 &&
+                  pendingDirectoryTasks === 0
+                ) {
+                  settled = true;
+                  resolve();
+                }
+              };
+
+              pump();
+            });
+
+          sftpRef.current.addExternalUpload({
+            id: transferId,
+            fileName: `${file.name} (${t("sftp.upload.scanning")})`,
+            sourcePath: fullPath,
+            targetPath,
+            sourceConnectionId: pane.connection.id,
+            targetConnectionId: "local",
+            direction: "download",
+            status: "transferring",
+            totalBytes: 0,
+            transferredBytes: 0,
+            speed: 0,
+            startTime: Date.now(),
+            isDirectory: true,
+            retryable: false,
+          });
+
+          try {
+            try {
+              await mkdirLocal(targetPath);
+            } catch (mkdirErr: unknown) {
+              const isEEXIST =
+                mkdirErr instanceof Error && mkdirErr.message.includes("EEXIST");
+              if (isEEXIST && deleteLocalFile) {
+                await deleteLocalFile(targetPath);
+                await mkdirLocal(targetPath);
+              } else {
+                throw mkdirErr;
+              }
+            }
+
+            pendingDirectoryTasks = 1;
+            enqueueDirectoryTask({
+              type: "directory",
+              remotePath: fullPath,
+              localPath: targetPath,
+              symlinkDepth: 0,
+            });
+            await runQueue();
+
+            sftpRef.current.updateExternalUpload(transferId, {
+              status: "completed",
+              fileName: file.name,
+              transferredBytes: completedBytes,
+              totalBytes: estimatedTotalBytes > 0 ? estimatedTotalBytes : completedBytes,
+              speed: 0,
+              endTime: Date.now(),
+            });
+            toast.success(`${t("sftp.context.download")}: ${file.name}`, "SFTP");
+          } catch (error) {
+            const errorMessage =
+              error instanceof Error ? error.message : t("sftp.error.downloadFailed");
+            const isCancelled =
+              errorMessage.includes("cancelled") || errorMessage.includes("canceled");
+
+            sftpRef.current.updateExternalUpload(transferId, {
+              status: isCancelled ? "cancelled" : "failed",
+              error: isCancelled ? undefined : errorMessage,
+              speed: 0,
+              endTime: Date.now(),
+            });
+
+            if (!isCancelled) {
+              toast.error(errorMessage, "SFTP");
+            }
+          }
+
+          return;
+        }
+
        // Show save dialog to get target path
        const targetPath = await showSaveDialog(file.name);
        if (!targetPath) {
@@ -433,6 +857,7 @@ export const useSftpViewFileOps = ({
            targetType: 'local',
            sourceSftpId: sftpId,
            totalBytes: fileSize,
+            sourceEncoding: pane.filenameEncoding,
          },
          (transferred, total, speed) => {
            // Update transfer progress in the queue
@@ -497,7 +922,17 @@ export const useSftpViewFileOps = ({
        );
      }
    },
-    [sftpRef, t, showSaveDialog, startStreamTransfer, getSftpIdForConnection],
+    [
+      sftpRef,
+      t,
+      listSftp,
+      mkdirLocal,
+      deleteLocalFile,
+      showSaveDialog,
+      selectDirectory,
+      startStreamTransfer,
+      getSftpIdForConnection,
+    ],
  );

  const onDownloadFileLeft = useCallback(
--- a/components/sftp/hooks/useSftpViewPaneCallbacks.ts
+++ b/components/sftp/hooks/useSftpViewPaneCallbacks.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useMemo } from "react";
 import type { MutableRefObject } from "react";
 import type { SftpStateApi } from "../../../application/state/useSftpState";
+import type { RemoteFile, SftpFilenameEncoding } from "../../../types";
 import type { SftpPaneCallbacks } from "../SftpContext";
 import { useSftpViewPaneActions } from "./useSftpViewPaneActions";
 import { useSftpViewFileOps } from "./useSftpViewFileOps";
@@ -19,7 +20,11 @@ interface UseSftpViewPaneCallbacksParams {
    systemApp?: SystemAppInfo,
  ) => void;
  t: (key: string, vars?: Record<string, string | number>) => string;
+  listSftp?: (sftpId: string, path: string, encoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding) => Promise<RemoteFile[]>;
+  mkdirLocal?: (path: string) => Promise<unknown>;
+  deleteLocalFile?: (path: string) => Promise<unknown>;
  showSaveDialog?: (defaultPath: string, filters?: Array<{ name: string; extensions: string[] }>) => Promise<string | null>;
+  selectDirectory?: (title?: string, defaultPath?: string) => Promise<string | null>;
  startStreamTransfer?: (
    options: {
      transferId: string;
@@ -30,6 +35,8 @@ interface UseSftpViewPaneCallbacksParams {
      sourceSftpId?: string;
      targetSftpId?: string;
      totalBytes?: number;
+      sourceEncoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding;
+      targetEncoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding;
    },
    onProgress?: (transferred: number, total: number, speed: number) => void,
    onComplete?: () => void,
@@ -45,7 +52,11 @@ export const useSftpViewPaneCallbacks = ({
  getOpenerForFileRef,
  setOpenerForExtension,
  t,
+  listSftp,
+  mkdirLocal,
+  deleteLocalFile,
  showSaveDialog,
+  selectDirectory,
  startStreamTransfer,
  getSftpIdForConnection,
 }: UseSftpViewPaneCallbacksParams) => {
@@ -57,7 +68,11 @@ export const useSftpViewPaneCallbacks = ({
    getOpenerForFileRef,
    setOpenerForExtension,
    t,
+    listSftp,
+    mkdirLocal,
+    deleteLocalFile,
    showSaveDialog,
+    selectDirectory,
    startStreamTransfer,
    getSftpIdForConnection,
  });
--- a/components/terminal/TerminalConnectionDialog.tsx
+++ b/components/terminal/TerminalConnectionDialog.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 * Terminal Connection Dialog
 * Full connection overlay with host info, progress indicator, and auth/progress content
 */
-import { Loader2, TerminalSquare, User } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Loader2, Plug, TerminalSquare, X } from 'lucide-react';
 import React from 'react';
 import { useI18n } from '../../application/i18n/I18nProvider';
 import { cn } from '../../lib/utils';
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export interface TerminalConnectionDialogProps {
    // Auth dialog props
    authProps: Omit<TerminalAuthDialogProps, 'keys'>;
    keys: SSHKey[];
+    onDismissDisconnected?: () => void;
    // Progress props
    progressProps: Omit<TerminalConnectionProgressProps, 'status' | 'error' | 'showLogs'>;
 }
@@ -68,11 +69,13 @@ export const TerminalConnectionDialog: React.FC<TerminalConnectionDialogProps> =
    _setShowLogs: setShowLogs, // Rename back to setShowLogs for internal use
    authProps,
    keys,
+    onDismissDisconnected,
    progressProps,
 }) => {
    const { t } = useI18n();
    const hasError = Boolean(error);
    const isConnecting = status === 'connecting';
+    const canDismissDisconnected = status === 'disconnected' && !needsAuth && !!onDismissDisconnected;
    const protocolInfo = getProtocolInfo(host);

    return (
@@ -80,12 +83,11 @@ export const TerminalConnectionDialog: React.FC<TerminalConnectionDialogProps> =
            "absolute inset-0 z-20 flex items-center justify-center",
            needsAuth ? "bg-black" : "bg-black/30"
        )}>
-            <div className="w-[560px] max-w-[90vw] bg-background/95 border border-border/60 rounded-2xl shadow-xl p-6 space-y-4">
+            <div className="w-[560px] max-w-[90vw] bg-background/95 border border-border/60 rounded-xl shadow-xl p-6 space-y-4">
                <div className="flex items-center justify-between">
                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
-                        <DistroAvatar host={host} fallback={host.label.slice(0, 2).toUpperCase()} className="h-10 w-10" />
+                        <DistroAvatar host={host} fallback={host.label.slice(0, 2).toUpperCase()} className="h-10 w-10 rounded-lg" />
                        <div>
-                            {/* Show chain progress if available */}
                            {chainProgress ? (
                                <>
                                    <div className="text-sm font-semibold">
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ export const TerminalConnectionDialog: React.FC<TerminalConnectionDialogProps> =
                                </>
                            ) : (
                                <>
-                                    <div className="text-sm font-semibold">{host.label}</div>
+                                    <div className="text-lg font-semibold">{host.label}</div>
                                    <div className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground font-mono">
                                        {t(protocolInfo.i18nKey)} {protocolInfo.showPort ? `${host.hostname}:${protocolInfo.port}` : host.hostname}
                                    </div>
@@ -112,32 +114,56 @@ export const TerminalConnectionDialog: React.FC<TerminalConnectionDialogProps> =
                            )}
                        </div>
                    </div>
-                    {!needsAuth && (
-                        <Button
-                            size="sm"
-                            variant="outline"
-                            className="h-8 text-xs"
-                            onClick={() => setShowLogs(!showLogs)}
-                        >
-                            {showLogs ? t('terminal.connection.hideLogs') : t('terminal.connection.showLogs')}
-                        </Button>
-                    )}
+                    <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                        {!needsAuth && (
+                            <Button
+                                size="sm"
+                                variant="outline"
+                                className="h-8 text-xs"
+                                onClick={() => setShowLogs(!showLogs)}
+                            >
+                                {showLogs ? t('terminal.connection.hideLogs') : t('terminal.connection.showLogs')}
+                            </Button>
+                        )}
+                        {status === 'connecting' && !needsAuth && (
+                            <Button
+                                size="sm"
+                                variant="outline"
+                                className="h-8 text-xs"
+                                onClick={progressProps.onCancelConnect}
+                                disabled={progressProps.isCancelling}
+                            >
+                                {progressProps.isCancelling ? t('terminal.progress.cancelling') : t('common.close')}
+                            </Button>
+                        )}
+                        {canDismissDisconnected && (
+                            <Button
+                                size="icon"
+                                variant="ghost"
+                                className="h-8 w-8"
+                                aria-label={t('terminal.connection.dismissDisconnectedDialog')}
+                                title={t('terminal.connection.dismissDisconnectedDialog')}
+                                onClick={onDismissDisconnected}
+                            >
+                                <X size={14} />
+                            </Button>
+                        )}
+                    </div>
                </div>

-                {/* Progress indicator - icons with progress bar below */}
                <div className="space-y-2">
                    <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
                        <div className={cn(
-                            "h-8 w-8 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center flex-shrink-0",
+                            "h-8 w-8 rounded-lg flex items-center justify-center flex-shrink-0",
                            needsAuth
                                ? "bg-primary text-primary-foreground"
                                : hasError
                                    ? "bg-destructive/20 text-destructive"
-                                    : isConnecting
+                                : isConnecting
                                        ? "bg-primary/15 text-primary"
                                        : "bg-muted text-muted-foreground"
                        )}>
-                            <User size={14} />
+                            <Plug size={14} />
                        </div>
                        <div className="flex-1 h-1.5 rounded-full bg-border/60 overflow-hidden relative">
                            <div
@@ -151,7 +177,7 @@ export const TerminalConnectionDialog: React.FC<TerminalConnectionDialogProps> =
                            />
                        </div>
                        <div className={cn(
-                            "h-8 w-8 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center flex-shrink-0",
+                            "h-8 w-8 rounded-lg flex items-center justify-center flex-shrink-0",
                            hasError ? "bg-destructive/20 text-destructive" : "bg-muted text-muted-foreground"
                        )}>
                            {isConnecting ? (
--- a/components/terminal/TerminalConnectionProgress.tsx
+++ b/components/terminal/TerminalConnectionProgress.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 * Terminal Connection Progress
 * Displays connection progress with logs and timeout
 */
-import { AlertCircle, Clock, Play, ShieldCheck } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Loader2, Play } from 'lucide-react';
 import React from 'react';
 import { useI18n } from '../../application/i18n/I18nProvider';
 import { Button } from '../ui/button';
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ export interface TerminalConnectionProgressProps {
    isCancelling: boolean;
    showLogs: boolean;
    progressLogs: string[];
-    onCancel: () => void;
+    onCancelConnect: () => void;
+    onCloseSession: () => void;
    onRetry: () => void;
 }

@@ -23,71 +24,70 @@ export const TerminalConnectionProgress: React.FC<TerminalConnectionProgressProp
    status,
    error,
    timeLeft,
-    isCancelling,
+    isCancelling: _isCancelling,
    showLogs,
    progressLogs,
-    onCancel,
+    onCancelConnect: _onCancelConnect,
+    onCloseSession,
    onRetry,
 }) => {
    const { t } = useI18n();

    return (
        <>
-            <div className="flex items-center justify-between text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-                    <Clock className="h-3 w-3" />
-                    <span>
-                        {status === 'connecting'
-                            ? t('terminal.progress.timeoutIn', { seconds: timeLeft })
-                            : error || t('terminal.progress.disconnected')}
-                    </span>
-                </div>
-                <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+            <div className="flex items-start justify-between gap-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                <div className="flex min-w-0 items-start gap-2">
                    {status === 'connecting' ? (
-                        <Button
-                            variant="ghost"
-                            size="sm"
-                            className="h-8"
-                            onClick={onCancel}
-                            disabled={isCancelling}
-                        >
-                            {isCancelling ? t('terminal.progress.cancelling') : t('common.close')}
-                        </Button>
+                        <>
+                            <Loader2 className="h-3 w-3 mt-0.5 flex-shrink-0 animate-spin" />
+                            <span className="min-w-0 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words leading-5">
+                                {t('terminal.progress.timeoutIn', { seconds: timeLeft })}
+                            </span>
+                        </>
                    ) : (
-                        <div className="flex gap-2">
-                            <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" className="h-8" onClick={onCancel}>
-                                {t('common.close')}
-                            </Button>
-                            <Button size="sm" className="h-8" onClick={onRetry}>
-                                <Play className="h-3 w-3 mr-2" /> {t('terminal.progress.startOver')}
-                            </Button>
-                        </div>
+                        <>
+                            <div className="mt-[0.4rem] h-1.5 w-1.5 flex-shrink-0 rounded-full bg-destructive" />
+                            <span className="min-w-0 whitespace-pre-wrap break-words leading-5 text-destructive">
+                                {error || t('terminal.progress.disconnected')}
+                            </span>
+                        </>
                    )}
                </div>
            </div>

            {showLogs && (
-                <div className="rounded-xl border border-border/60 bg-background/70 shadow-inner">
+                <div className="rounded-md border border-border/35 bg-background/40">
                    <ScrollArea className="max-h-52 p-3">
-                        <div className="space-y-2 text-sm text-foreground/90">
+                        <div className="space-y-1 text-sm text-foreground/90">
                            {progressLogs.map((line, idx) => (
                                <div key={idx} className="flex items-start gap-2">
-                                    <div className="mt-0.5">
-                                        <ShieldCheck className="h-3.5 w-3.5 text-primary" />
-                                    </div>
-                                    <div>{line}</div>
+                                    <div className="mt-[0.4rem] h-1.5 w-1.5 flex-shrink-0 rounded-full bg-emerald-500" />
+                                    <div className="min-w-0 break-words leading-5">{line}</div>
                                </div>
                            ))}
                            {error && (
                                <div className="flex items-start gap-2 text-destructive">
-                                    <AlertCircle className="h-3.5 w-3.5 mt-0.5" />
-                                    <div>{error}</div>
+                                    <div className="mt-[0.4rem] h-1.5 w-1.5 flex-shrink-0 rounded-full bg-destructive" />
+                                    <div className="min-w-0 break-words leading-5">{error}</div>
                                </div>
                            )}
                        </div>
                    </ScrollArea>
                </div>
            )}
+
+            <div className="flex justify-end gap-2">
+                {status !== 'connecting' && (
+                    <>
+                        <Button variant="ghost" size="sm" className="h-8" onClick={onCloseSession}>
+                            {t('terminal.toolbar.closeSession')}
+                        </Button>
+                        <Button size="sm" className="h-8" onClick={onRetry}>
+                            <Play className="h-3 w-3 mr-2" /> {t('terminal.progress.startOver')}
+                        </Button>
+                    </>
+                )}
+            </div>
        </>
    );
 };
--- a/components/terminal/ThemeSidePanel.tsx
+++ b/components/terminal/ThemeSidePanel.tsx
@@ -118,21 +118,37 @@ FontItem.displayName = 'FontItem';

 interface ThemeSidePanelProps {
  currentThemeId: string;
+  globalThemeId: string;
  currentFontFamilyId: string;
+  globalFontFamilyId: string;
  currentFontSize: number;
+  canResetTheme?: boolean;
+  canResetFontFamily?: boolean;
+  canResetFontSize?: boolean;
  onThemeChange: (themeId: string) => void;
+  onThemeReset?: () => void;
  onFontFamilyChange: (fontFamilyId: string) => void;
+  onFontFamilyReset?: () => void;
  onFontSizeChange: (fontSize: number) => void;
+  onFontSizeReset?: () => void;
  isVisible?: boolean;
 }

 const ThemeSidePanelInner: React.FC<ThemeSidePanelProps> = ({
  currentThemeId,
+  globalThemeId,
  currentFontFamilyId,
+  globalFontFamilyId,
  currentFontSize,
+  canResetTheme = false,
+  canResetFontFamily = false,
+  canResetFontSize = false,
  onThemeChange,
+  onThemeReset,
  onFontFamilyChange,
+  onFontFamilyReset,
  onFontSizeChange,
+  onFontSizeReset,
  isVisible = true,
 }) => {
  const { t } = useI18n();
@@ -149,6 +165,14 @@ const ThemeSidePanelInner: React.FC<ThemeSidePanelProps> = ({
    () => [...TERMINAL_THEMES, ...customThemes],
    [customThemes]
  );
+  const globalTheme = useMemo(
+    () => allThemes.find((theme) => theme.id === globalThemeId) || TERMINAL_THEMES[0],
+    [allThemes, globalThemeId],
+  );
+  const globalFont = useMemo(
+    () => availableFonts.find((font) => font.id === globalFontFamilyId) || availableFonts[0],
+    [availableFonts, globalFontFamilyId],
+  );

  const handleThemeSelect = useCallback((themeId: string) => {
    setEditingTheme(null);
@@ -294,6 +318,18 @@ const ThemeSidePanelInner: React.FC<ThemeSidePanelProps> = ({
                    ))}
                  </>
                )}
+                {canResetTheme && (
+                  <>
+                    <div className="text-[9px] uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground mt-2 mb-1 px-1 font-semibold">
+                      {t('terminal.themeModal.globalTheme')}
+                    </div>
+                    <ThemeItem
+                      theme={globalTheme}
+                      isSelected={!canResetTheme}
+                      onSelect={() => onThemeReset?.()}
+                    />
+                  </>
+                )}
              </div>
            )}
            {activeTab === 'font' && (
@@ -306,6 +342,18 @@ const ThemeSidePanelInner: React.FC<ThemeSidePanelProps> = ({
                    onSelect={handleFontSelect}
                  />
                ))}
+                {canResetFontFamily && (
+                  <>
+                    <div className="text-[9px] uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground mt-2 mb-1 px-1 font-semibold">
+                      {t('terminal.themeModal.globalFont')}
+                    </div>
+                    <FontItem
+                      font={globalFont}
+                      isSelected={!canResetFontFamily}
+                      onSelect={() => onFontFamilyReset?.()}
+                    />
+                  </>
+                )}
              </div>
            )}
            {activeTab === 'custom' && !editingTheme && (
@@ -365,8 +413,18 @@ const ThemeSidePanelInner: React.FC<ThemeSidePanelProps> = ({
        {/* Font Size Control (only in font tab) */}
        {activeTab === 'font' && (
          <div className="p-2.5 border-t border-border/50 shrink-0">
-            <div className="text-[9px] uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground mb-1.5 font-semibold">
-              {t('terminal.themeModal.fontSize')}
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 mb-1.5">
+              <div className="text-[9px] uppercase tracking-wider text-muted-foreground font-semibold">
+                {t('terminal.themeModal.fontSize')}
+              </div>
+              {canResetFontSize && (
+                <button
+                  onClick={onFontSizeReset}
+                  className="text-[10px] font-medium text-primary hover:opacity-80 transition-opacity"
+                >
+                  {t('common.useGlobal')}
+                </button>
+              )}
            </div>
            <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-2 bg-muted/30 rounded-lg p-1.5">
              <button
--- a/components/terminal/runtime/createTerminalSessionStarters.ts
+++ b/components/terminal/runtime/createTerminalSessionStarters.ts
@@ -442,6 +442,7 @@ export const createTerminalSessionStarters = (ctx: TerminalSessionStartersContex
      }): Promise<string> => {
        return ctx.terminalBackend.startSSHSession({
          sessionId: ctx.sessionId,
+          hostLabel: ctx.host.label,
          hostname: ctx.host.hostname,
          username: effectiveUsername,
          port: ctx.host.port || 22,
--- a/components/terminal/runtime/createXTermRuntime.ts
+++ b/components/terminal/runtime/createXTermRuntime.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ import {
  shouldScrollOnTerminalInput,
  shouldScrollOnTerminalPaste,
 } from "../../../domain/terminalScroll";
+import {
+  resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId,
+  resolveHostTerminalFontSize,
+} from "../../../domain/terminalAppearance";
 import { logger } from "../../../lib/logger";
 import { isMacPlatform, normalizeLineEndings, wrapBracketedPaste } from "../../../lib/utils";
 import { netcattyBridge } from "../../../infrastructure/services/netcattyBridge";
@@ -141,12 +145,12 @@ export const createXTermRuntime = (ctx: CreateXTermRuntimeContext): XTermRuntime
    rendererType,
  });

-  const hostFontId = ctx.host.fontFamily || ctx.fontFamilyId || "menlo";
+  const hostFontId = resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId(ctx.host, ctx.fontFamilyId) || "menlo";
  // Use fontStore for font lookup - guarantees non-empty result
  const fontObj = fontStore.getFontById(hostFontId);
  const fontFamily = fontObj.family;

-  const effectiveFontSize = ctx.host.fontSize || ctx.fontSize;
+  const effectiveFontSize = resolveHostTerminalFontSize(ctx.host, ctx.fontSize);

  const cursorStyle = settings?.cursorShape ?? "block";
  const cursorBlink = settings?.cursorBlink ?? true;
--- a/components/ui/dialog.tsx
+++ b/components/ui/dialog.tsx
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ DialogOverlay.displayName = DialogPrimitive.Overlay.displayName

 const DialogContent = React.forwardRef<
  React.ElementRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Content>,
-  React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Content> & { hideCloseButton?: boolean }
->(({ className, children, hideCloseButton, ...props }, ref) => {
+  React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Content> & { hideCloseButton?: boolean; overlayClassName?: string }
+>(({ className, children, hideCloseButton, overlayClassName, ...props }, ref) => {
  const { t } = useI18n()

  return (
    <DialogPortal>
-      <DialogOverlay />
+      <DialogOverlay className={overlayClassName} />
      <DialogPrimitive.Content
        ref={ref}
        className={cn(
--- a/domain/host.ts
+++ b/domain/host.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
 import { Host } from './models';

+export const LINUX_DISTRO_OPTIONS = [
+  'linux',
+  'ubuntu',
+  'debian',
+  'centos',
+  'rocky',
+  'fedora',
+  'arch',
+  'alpine',
+  'amazon',
+  'opensuse',
+  'redhat',
+  'almalinux',
+  'oracle',
+  'kali',
+] as const;
+
 export const normalizeDistroId = (value?: string) => {
  const v = (value || '').toLowerCase().trim();
  if (!v) return '';
@@ -16,11 +33,36 @@ export const normalizeDistroId = (value?: string) => {
  if (v.includes('almalinux')) return 'almalinux';
  if (v.includes('oracle')) return 'oracle';
  if (v.includes('kali')) return 'kali';
+  if (v === 'linux' || v.includes('linux')) return 'linux';
  return '';
 };

+export const getEffectiveHostDistro = (
+  host?: Pick<Host, 'distro' | 'manualDistro' | 'distroMode'> | null,
+) => {
+  if (!host) return '';
+  const detected = normalizeDistroId(host.distro);
+  const manual = normalizeDistroId(host.manualDistro);
+  if (host.distroMode === 'manual') return manual || detected;
+  if (host.distroMode === 'auto') return detected;
+  return detected;
+};
+
 export const sanitizeHost = (host: Host): Host => {
  const cleanHostname = (host.hostname || '').split(/\s+/)[0];
  const cleanDistro = normalizeDistroId(host.distro);
-  return { ...host, hostname: cleanHostname, distro: cleanDistro };
+  const cleanManualDistro = normalizeDistroId(host.manualDistro);
+  const cleanDistroMode =
+    host.distroMode === 'manual'
+      ? 'manual'
+      : host.distroMode === 'auto'
+        ? 'auto'
+        : undefined;
+  return {
+    ...host,
+    hostname: cleanHostname,
+    distro: cleanDistro,
+    distroMode: cleanDistroMode,
+    manualDistro: cleanManualDistro || undefined,
+  };
 };
--- a/domain/models.ts
+++ b/domain/models.ts
@@ -86,9 +86,14 @@ export interface Host {
  moshEnabled?: boolean;
  moshServerPath?: string; // Custom mosh-server path (e.g., /usr/local/bin/mosh-server)
  theme?: string;
+  themeOverride?: boolean; // Explicitly override the global terminal theme for this host
  fontFamily?: string; // Terminal font family for this host
+  fontFamilyOverride?: boolean; // Explicitly override the global terminal font family for this host
  fontSize?: number; // Terminal font size for this host (pt)
+  fontSizeOverride?: boolean; // Explicitly override the global terminal font size for this host
  distro?: string; // detected distro id (e.g., ubuntu, debian)
+  distroMode?: 'auto' | 'manual'; // whether distro icon comes from detection or manual override
+  manualDistro?: string; // manually selected distro id when distroMode='manual'
  // Multi-protocol support
  protocols?: ProtocolConfig[]; // Multiple protocol configurations
  telnetPort?: number; // Telnet-specific port (for quick access)
@@ -594,6 +599,7 @@ export interface TerminalSession {
  protocol?: 'ssh' | 'telnet' | 'local' | 'serial';
  port?: number;
  moshEnabled?: boolean;
+  shellType?: 'posix' | 'fish' | 'powershell' | 'cmd' | 'unknown';
  // Serial-specific connection settings
  serialConfig?: SerialConfig;
 }
--- a/domain/terminalAppearance.ts
+++ b/domain/terminalAppearance.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { Host } from './models';
+
+type TerminalAppearanceDefaults = {
+  themeId: string;
+  fontFamilyId: string;
+  fontSize: number;
+};
+
+const hasLegacyStringValue = (value: string | undefined): boolean =>
+  typeof value === 'string' && value.trim().length > 0;
+
+const hasLegacyNumberValue = (value: number | undefined): boolean =>
+  typeof value === 'number' && !Number.isNaN(value);
+
+const hasEffectiveOverride = (
+  explicitOverride: boolean | undefined,
+  legacyValuePresent: boolean,
+): boolean => explicitOverride === true || (explicitOverride === undefined && legacyValuePresent);
+
+export const hasHostThemeOverride = (host?: Pick<Host, 'themeOverride' | 'theme'> | null): boolean =>
+  hasEffectiveOverride(host?.themeOverride, hasLegacyStringValue(host?.theme));
+
+export const hasHostFontFamilyOverride = (host?: Pick<Host, 'fontFamilyOverride' | 'fontFamily'> | null): boolean =>
+  hasEffectiveOverride(host?.fontFamilyOverride, hasLegacyStringValue(host?.fontFamily));
+
+export const hasHostFontSizeOverride = (host?: Pick<Host, 'fontSizeOverride' | 'fontSize'> | null): boolean =>
+  hasEffectiveOverride(host?.fontSizeOverride, hasLegacyNumberValue(host?.fontSize));
+
+export const clearHostThemeOverride = (host: Host): Host => ({
+  ...host,
+  theme: undefined,
+  themeOverride: false,
+});
+
+export const clearHostFontFamilyOverride = (host: Host): Host => ({
+  ...host,
+  fontFamily: undefined,
+  fontFamilyOverride: false,
+});
+
+export const clearHostFontSizeOverride = (host: Host): Host => ({
+  ...host,
+  fontSize: undefined,
+  fontSizeOverride: false,
+});
+
+export const resolveHostTerminalThemeId = (host: Host | null | undefined, defaultThemeId: string): string =>
+  hasHostThemeOverride(host) && host?.theme ? host.theme : defaultThemeId;
+
+export const resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId = (host: Host | null | undefined, defaultFontFamilyId: string): string =>
+  hasHostFontFamilyOverride(host) && host?.fontFamily ? host.fontFamily : defaultFontFamilyId;
+
+export const resolveHostTerminalFontSize = (host: Host | null | undefined, defaultFontSize: number): number =>
+  hasHostFontSizeOverride(host) && host?.fontSize != null ? host.fontSize : defaultFontSize;
+
+export const resolveHostTerminalAppearance = (
+  host: Host | null | undefined,
+  defaults: TerminalAppearanceDefaults,
+) => ({
+  themeId: resolveHostTerminalThemeId(host, defaults.themeId),
+  fontFamilyId: resolveHostTerminalFontFamilyId(host, defaults.fontFamilyId),
+  fontSize: resolveHostTerminalFontSize(host, defaults.fontSize),
+  hasThemeOverride: hasHostThemeOverride(host),
+  hasFontFamilyOverride: hasHostFontFamilyOverride(host),
+  hasFontSizeOverride: hasHostFontSizeOverride(host),
+});
--- a/electron-builder.config.cjs
+++ b/electron-builder.config.cjs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ module.exports = {
    files: [
        'dist/**/*',
        'electron/**/*',
+        'lib/**/*.cjs',
        '!electron/.dev-config.json',
        'public/**/*',
        'node_modules/**/*'
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ module.exports = {
        'node_modules/node-pty/**/*',
        'node_modules/ssh2/**/*',
        'node_modules/cpu-features/**/*',
+        'node_modules/@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp/**/*',
+        'node_modules/@agentclientprotocol/sdk/**/*',
+        'node_modules/@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk/**/*',
        'node_modules/@zed-industries/codex-acp/**/*',
        'node_modules/@zed-industries/codex-acp-*/**/*',
        'node_modules/@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/**/*',
--- a/electron/bridges/ai/ptyExec.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/ai/ptyExec.cjs
@@ -11,6 +11,89 @@

 const crypto = require("crypto");
 const { stripAnsi } = require("./shellUtils.cjs");
+const { classifyLocalShellType } = require("../../../lib/localShell.cjs");
+
+function detectShellKind(shellPath, platform = process.platform) {
+  return classifyLocalShellType(shellPath, platform);
+}
+
+function subscribeToPtyData(ptyStream, onData) {
+  if (typeof ptyStream?.onData === "function") {
+    const disposable = ptyStream.onData((data) => onData(data));
+    return () => {
+      try {
+        disposable?.dispose?.();
+      } catch {
+        // Ignore cleanup failures
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (typeof ptyStream?.on === "function" && typeof ptyStream?.removeListener === "function") {
+    ptyStream.on("data", onData);
+    return () => {
+      try {
+        ptyStream.removeListener("data", onData);
+      } catch {
+        // Ignore cleanup failures
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  throw new Error("PTY stream does not support data subscriptions");
+}
+
+function buildWrappedCommand(command, shellKind, marker) {
+  switch (shellKind) {
+    case "powershell": {
+      // Combine into 2 PTY lines (like posix) to minimise prompt echo duplication:
+      //   Line 1: start marker + pager env + user command
+      //   Line 2: capture exit code + end marker
+      const psPager = "$env:PAGER='cat'; $env:SYSTEMD_PAGER=''; $env:GIT_PAGER='cat'; $env:LESS=''; ";
+      return (
+        `Write-Output '${marker}_S'; ${psPager}${command}\r\n` +
+        `Write-Output "${marker}_E:$LASTEXITCODE"\r\n`
+      );
+    }
+
+    case "cmd":
+      return [
+        'set "PAGER=cat"',
+        'set "SYSTEMD_PAGER="',
+        'set "GIT_PAGER=cat"',
+        'set "LESS="',
+        `echo ${marker}_S`,
+        command,
+        `echo ${marker}_E:%errorlevel%`,
+        "",
+      ].join("\r\n");
+
+    case "fish":
+      return [
+        "set -gx PAGER cat",
+        "set -gx SYSTEMD_PAGER ''",
+        "set -gx GIT_PAGER cat",
+        "set -gx LESS ''",
+        `printf '%s\\n' '${marker}_S'`,
+        command,
+        "set __NCMCP_rc $status",
+        `printf '%s\\n' '${marker}_E:'$__NCMCP_rc`,
+        "",
+      ].join("\n");
+
+    case "posix":
+    default: {
+      // Combine into 2 PTY lines to minimise prompt echo duplication:
+      //   Line 1: start marker + pager env + user command
+      //   Line 2: capture exit code + end marker + restore exit code
+      const noPager = "PAGER=cat SYSTEMD_PAGER= GIT_PAGER=cat LESS= ";
+      return (
+        `printf '%s\\n' '${marker}_S';${noPager}${command}\n` +
+        `__NCMCP_rc=$?;printf '%s\\n' '${marker}_E:'"$__NCMCP_rc";(exit $__NCMCP_rc)\n`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}

 /**
 * Execute command through a terminal PTY stream.
@@ -29,15 +112,18 @@ function execViaPty(ptyStream, command, options) {
    stripMarkers = false,
    trackForCancellation = null,
    timeoutMs = 60000,
+    shellKind,
  } = options || {};

  const marker = `__NCMCP_${Date.now().toString(36)}_${crypto.randomBytes(16).toString('hex')}__`;
+  const resolvedShellKind = shellKind || "posix";

  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    let output = "";
    let foundStart = false;
    let timeoutId = null;
    let finished = false;
+    let unsubscribe = null;

    const onData = (data) => {
      const text = data.toString();
@@ -97,14 +183,14 @@ function execViaPty(ptyStream, command, options) {
      if (finished) return;
      finished = true;
      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-      ptyStream.removeListener("data", onData);
+      unsubscribe?.();
      if (trackForCancellation) {
        trackForCancellation.delete(marker);
      }

      let cleaned = stripAnsi(stdout || "").trim();
      if (stripMarkers) {
-        cleaned = cleaned.replace(/__NCMCP_[^\r\n]*[\r\n]*/g, "").trim();
+        cleaned = cleaned.replace(/^[^\r\n]*__NCMCP_[^\r\n]*[\r\n]*/gm, "").trim();
      }
      resolve({
        ok: exitCode === 0 || exitCode === null,
@@ -117,7 +203,7 @@ function execViaPty(ptyStream, command, options) {
    timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
      if (finished) return;
      finished = true;
-      ptyStream.removeListener("data", onData);
+      unsubscribe?.();
      if (trackForCancellation) {
        trackForCancellation.delete(marker);
      }
@@ -128,22 +214,21 @@ function execViaPty(ptyStream, command, options) {
      resolve({ ok: false, stdout: cleaned, stderr: "", exitCode: -1, error: `Command timed out (${timeoutSec}s)` });
    }, timeoutMs);

-    ptyStream.on("data", onData);
+    unsubscribe = subscribeToPtyData(ptyStream, onData);

    // Register for cancellation if tracking map provided
    if (trackForCancellation) {
      trackForCancellation.set(marker, {
        ptyStream,
-        cleanup: () => { clearTimeout(timeoutId); ptyStream.removeListener("data", onData); },
+        cleanup: () => {
+          clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+          unsubscribe?.();
+        },
      });
    }

    // Markers are filtered from terminal display by preload.cjs (MCP_MARKER_RE).
-    const noPager = "PAGER=cat SYSTEMD_PAGER= GIT_PAGER=cat LESS= ";
-    ptyStream.write(
-      `printf '${marker}_S\\n';${noPager}${command}\n` +
-      `__nc=$?;printf '${marker}_E:'$__nc'\\n';(exit $__nc)\n`
-    );
+    ptyStream.write(buildWrappedCommand(command, resolvedShellKind, marker));
  });
 }

@@ -214,5 +299,6 @@ function execViaChannel(sshClient, command, options) {
 module.exports = {
  execViaPty,
  execViaChannel,
+  detectShellKind,
  stripAnsi,
 };
--- a/electron/bridges/ai/shellUtils.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/ai/shellUtils.cjs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const path = require("node:path");
 const ANSI_ESCAPE_REGEX = /\u001B\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]/g;
 const ANSI_OSC_REGEX = /\u001B\][^\u0007]*(?:\u0007|\u001B\\)/g;
 const URL_CANDIDATE_REGEX = /https?:\/\/[^\s]+/g;
+const WINDOWS_RUNNABLE_EXTENSIONS = [".exe", ".cmd", ".bat", ".com"];

 // ── ANSI stripping ──

@@ -56,6 +57,37 @@ function extractFirstNonLocalhostUrl(output) {

 // ── CLI / path helpers ──

+function normalizeCliPathForPlatform(filePath) {
+  const normalized = String(filePath || "").trim();
+  if (!normalized) return null;
+
+  if (process.platform !== "win32") {
+    return existsSync(normalized) ? normalized : null;
+  }
+
+  const ext = path.extname(normalized).toLowerCase();
+  if (ext) {
+    return existsSync(normalized) ? normalized : null;
+  }
+
+  // Windows npm globals often contain both a POSIX shim (`codex`) and the
+  // actual runnable wrapper (`codex.cmd`). Prefer the wrapper when present.
+  for (const suffix of WINDOWS_RUNNABLE_EXTENSIONS) {
+    const candidate = `${normalized}${suffix}`;
+    if (existsSync(candidate)) {
+      return candidate;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return existsSync(normalized) ? normalized : null;
+}
+
+function shouldUseShellForCommand(command) {
+  if (process.platform !== "win32") return false;
+  const normalized = String(command || "").trim().toLowerCase();
+  return normalized.endsWith(".cmd") || normalized.endsWith(".bat");
+}
+
 function resolveCliFromPath(command, shellEnv) {
  // Validate command: only allow valid binary names (alphanumeric, hyphens, underscores, dots)
  if (!command || !/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/.test(command)) {
@@ -70,8 +102,11 @@ function resolveCliFromPath(command, shellEnv) {
        timeout: 3000,
        stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
        env: shellEnv,
-      }).trim().split("\n")[0].trim();
-      if (resolved && existsSync(resolved)) return resolved;
+      }).trim();
+      for (const candidate of resolved.split(/\r?\n/)) {
+        const normalized = normalizeCliPathForPlatform(candidate);
+        if (normalized) return normalized;
+      }
    } catch {
      // Not found on PATH
    }
@@ -141,6 +176,48 @@ async function getShellEnv() {
  return _cachedShellEnv;
 }

+// ── Claude Code ACP binary resolution ──
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the Claude ACP binary, returning { command, prependArgs }.
+ *
+ * On macOS/Linux a shebang-based .js script can be spawned directly, but on
+ * Windows `child_process.spawn` does not interpret shebangs — so when the
+ * resolved path is a JS file we invoke it via the system Node runtime.
+ */
+function resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath(shellEnv, electronModule) {
+  const binaryName = "claude-agent-acp";
+
+  // Dev mode: prefer system PATH (npm creates platform-appropriate wrappers)
+  const isPackaged = electronModule?.app?.isPackaged;
+  if (!isPackaged && shellEnv) {
+    const systemPath = resolveCliFromPath(binaryName, shellEnv);
+    if (systemPath) return { command: systemPath, prependArgs: [] };
+  }
+
+  // Packaged build (or dev fallback): use npm-bundled binary
+  try {
+    const resolved = require.resolve("@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp/dist/index.js");
+    const scriptPath = toUnpackedAsarPath(resolved);
+
+    // On Windows, .js files cannot be spawned directly (no shebang support) —
+    // invoke via Node.  In packaged Electron builds process.execPath is the
+    // app binary (e.g. Netcatty.exe), not a Node runtime, so we must resolve
+    // the real `node` from PATH.  If Node is not installed, fall back to the
+    // bare command name and let the system find the npm-generated .cmd wrapper.
+    if (process.platform === "win32") {
+      const nodePath = resolveCliFromPath("node", shellEnv);
+      if (nodePath) {
+        return { command: nodePath, prependArgs: [scriptPath] };
+      }
+      return { command: binaryName, prependArgs: [] };
+    }
+    return { command: scriptPath, prependArgs: [] };
+  } catch {
+    return { command: binaryName, prependArgs: [] };
+  }
+}
+
 // ── Stream chunk serialization ──

 function serializeStreamChunk(chunk) {
@@ -196,7 +273,10 @@ module.exports = {
  stripAnsi,
  isLocalhostHostname,
  extractFirstNonLocalhostUrl,
+  normalizeCliPathForPlatform,
+  shouldUseShellForCommand,
  resolveCliFromPath,
+  resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath,
  toUnpackedAsarPath,
  getShellEnv,
  serializeStreamChunk,
--- a/electron/bridges/aiBridge.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/aiBridge.cjs
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ const mcpServerBridge = require("./mcpServerBridge.cjs");
 // ── Extracted modules ──
 const {
  stripAnsi,
+  normalizeCliPathForPlatform,
+  shouldUseShellForCommand,
  resolveCliFromPath,
+  resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath,
  getShellEnv,
  serializeStreamChunk,
 } = require("./ai/shellUtils.cjs");
@@ -235,6 +238,17 @@ function init(deps) {
  electronModule = deps.electronModule;
  mcpServerBridge.init({ sessions, sftpClients });

+  // Wire up main window getter for MCP approval IPC
+  mcpServerBridge.setMainWindowGetter(() => {
+    try {
+      const windowManager = require("./windowManager.cjs");
+      const mainWin = windowManager.getMainWindow?.();
+      return (mainWin && !mainWin.isDestroyed()) ? mainWin : null;
+    } catch {
+      return null;
+    }
+  });
+
  // Store main window webContents ID for IPC sender validation (Issue #17)
  try {
    const windowManager = require("./windowManager.cjs");
@@ -888,11 +902,22 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
    }

    try {
+      if ((session.protocol === "local" || session.type === "local") && session.shellKind === "unknown") {
+        return {
+          ok: false,
+          error: "AI execution is not supported for this local shell executable. Configure the local terminal to use bash/zsh/sh, fish, PowerShell/pwsh, or cmd.exe.",
+        };
+      }
+
      // Prefer PTY stream (visible in terminal)
-      const ptyStream = session.stream || session.pty;
+      const ptyStream = session.stream || session.pty || session.proc;
      if (ptyStream && typeof ptyStream.write === "function") {
        const timeoutMs = mcpServerBridge.getCommandTimeoutMs ? mcpServerBridge.getCommandTimeoutMs() : 60000;
-        return execViaPty(ptyStream, command, { stripMarkers: true, timeoutMs });
+        return execViaPty(ptyStream, command, {
+          stripMarkers: true,
+          timeoutMs,
+          shellKind: session.shellKind,
+        });
      }

      // Fallback: SSH exec channel (invisible to terminal)
@@ -938,6 +963,10 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
        session.pty.write(data);
        return { ok: true };
      }
+      if (session.proc) {
+        session.proc.write(data);
+        return { ok: true };
+      }
      return { ok: false, error: "No writable stream for session" };
    } catch (err) {
      return { ok: false, error: err?.message || String(err) };
@@ -950,6 +979,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
        stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
        cwd: options?.cwd || undefined,
        env: options?.env || process.env,
+        shell: shouldUseShellForCommand(command),
        windowsHide: true,
      });

@@ -1176,7 +1206,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
    }
  }

-  // Discover external agents from PATH, plus the bundled Codex CLI if present.
+  // Discover external agents from PATH, plus bundled ACP binaries if present.
  ipcMain.handle("netcatty:ai:agents:discover", async (event) => {
    if (!validateSenderOrSettings(event)) return { ok: false, error: "Unauthorized IPC sender" };
    const agents = [];
@@ -1186,9 +1216,10 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
        name: "Claude Code",
        icon: "claude",
        description: "Anthropic's agentic coding assistant",
-        acpCommand: "claude-code-acp",
+        acpCommand: "claude-agent-acp",
        acpArgs: [],
        args: ["-p", "--output-format", "text", "{prompt}"],
+        resolveAcp: resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath,
      },
      {
        command: "codex",
@@ -1198,6 +1229,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
        acpCommand: "codex-acp",
        acpArgs: [],
        args: ["exec", "--full-auto", "--json", "{prompt}"],
+        resolveAcp: resolveCodexAcpBinaryPath,
      },
    ];

@@ -1205,21 +1237,35 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
    const seenPaths = new Set();

    for (const agent of knownAgents) {
-      let resolvedPath = null;
+      let resolvedPath = resolveCliFromPath(agent.command, shellEnv);

-      try {
-        const whichCmd = process.platform === "win32" ? "where" : "which";
-        const result = execFileSync(whichCmd, [agent.command], {
-          encoding: "utf8",
-          timeout: 5000,
-          stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", "pipe"],
-          env: shellEnv,
-        }).trim();
-        if (result) {
-          resolvedPath = result.split("\n")[0].trim();
+      // If the base command is not on PATH, check whether the bundled ACP
+      // binary is available — the agent can still work via ACP without the
+      // standalone CLI installed.
+      // resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath returns { command, prependArgs },
+      // resolveCodexAcpBinaryPath returns a plain string.
+      let versionCommand = null;
+      let versionPrependArgs = [];
+      if (!resolvedPath && agent.resolveAcp) {
+        const result = agent.resolveAcp(shellEnv, electronModule);
+        if (typeof result === "string") {
+          if (result && result !== agent.acpCommand && existsSync(result)) {
+            resolvedPath = result;
+          }
+        } else if (result?.command) {
+          // On Windows the command may be `node` with the script in prependArgs.
+          // Use the script path for display/dedup so the UI shows the actual
+          // agent rather than the Node binary.
+          const scriptPath = result.prependArgs?.[0];
+          const displayPath = scriptPath || result.command;
+          if (displayPath !== agent.acpCommand && existsSync(displayPath)) {
+            resolvedPath = displayPath;
+            if (scriptPath) {
+              versionCommand = result.command;
+              versionPrependArgs = result.prependArgs;
+            }
+          }
        }
-      } catch {
-        resolvedPath = null;
      }

      if (!resolvedPath || seenPaths.has(resolvedPath)) {
@@ -1228,14 +1274,19 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {

      let version = "";
      try {
-        const result = await runCommand(resolvedPath, ["--version"], { env: shellEnv });
+        // When the agent is invoked via Node (Windows), probe version with
+        // the full command (e.g. `node /path/to/dist/index.js --version`).
+        const probeCmd = versionCommand || resolvedPath;
+        const probeArgs = [...versionPrependArgs, "--version"];
+        const result = await runCommand(probeCmd, probeArgs, { env: shellEnv });
        version = (result.stdout || result.stderr || "").trim().split("\n")[0];
      } catch {
        version = "";
      }

+      const { resolveAcp: _unused, ...agentInfo } = agent;
      agents.push({
-        ...agent,
+        ...agentInfo,
        path: resolvedPath,
        version,
        available: true,
@@ -1253,10 +1304,8 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
    let resolvedPath = null;

    if (customPath) {
-      // User provided a custom path – validate it exists
-      if (existsSync(customPath)) {
-        resolvedPath = customPath;
-      }
+      // Normalize Windows shim paths like `codex` -> `codex.cmd` when present.
+      resolvedPath = normalizeCliPathForPlatform(customPath);
    } else {
      resolvedPath = resolveCliFromPath(command, shellEnv);
    }
@@ -1341,6 +1390,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
      const child = spawn(codexCliPath, ["login"], {
        stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
        env: shellEnv,
+        shell: shouldUseShellForCommand(codexCliPath),
        windowsHide: true,
      });

@@ -1447,7 +1497,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {

  // Known agent command names (must match knownAgents in discover handler)
  const ALLOWED_AGENT_COMMANDS = new Set([
-    "claude", "claude-code-acp",
+    "claude", "claude-agent-acp",
    "codex", "codex-acp",
  ]);

@@ -1649,6 +1699,13 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
    return { ok: true };
  });

+  // ── MCP Approval response (renderer → main) ──
+  ipcMain.handle("netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-response", async (event, { approvalId, approved }) => {
+    if (!validateSender(event)) return { ok: false, error: "Unauthorized IPC sender" };
+    mcpServerBridge.resolveApprovalFromRenderer(approvalId, approved);
+    return { ok: true };
+  });
+
  // ── ACP (Agent Client Protocol) streaming ──

  ipcMain.handle("netcatty:ai:acp:stream", async (event, { requestId, chatSessionId, acpCommand, acpArgs, prompt, cwd, providerId, model, existingSessionId, historyMessages, images }) => {
@@ -1665,6 +1722,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
      const shellEnv = await getShellEnv();
      const sessionCwd = cwd || process.cwd();
      const isCodexAgent = acpCommand === "codex-acp";
+      const isClaudeAgent = acpCommand === "claude-agent-acp";

      // Resolve API key from providerId (decrypted in main process only)
      const resolvedProvider = providerId ? resolveProviderApiKey(providerId) : null;
@@ -1695,7 +1753,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
        ? await resolveCodexMcpSnapshot(sessionCwd)
        : { mcpServers: [], fingerprint: getCodexMcpFingerprint([]) };

-      // Inject Netcatty MCP server for remote host access (scoped to this chat session)
+      // Inject Netcatty MCP server for scoped terminal-session access
      try {
        const mcpPort = await mcpServerBridge.getOrCreateHost();
        const scopedIds = mcpServerBridge.getScopedSessionIds(chatSessionId);
@@ -1742,13 +1800,19 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
          agentEnv.CODEX_API_KEY = apiKey;
        }

+        const claudeAcp = isClaudeAgent ? resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath(shellEnv, electronModule) : null;
        const resolvedCommand = isCodexAgent
          ? resolveCodexAcpBinaryPath(shellEnv, electronModule)
-          : acpCommand;
+          : claudeAcp
+            ? claudeAcp.command
+            : acpCommand;
+        const resolvedArgs = claudeAcp
+          ? [...claudeAcp.prependArgs, ...(acpArgs || [])]
+          : acpArgs || [];

        const provider = createACPProvider({
          command: resolvedCommand,
-          args: acpArgs || [],
+          args: resolvedArgs,
          env: agentEnv,
          session: {
            cwd: sessionCwd,
@@ -1785,11 +1849,16 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {

        cleanupAcpProvider(chatSessionId);

+        const fallbackClaudeAcp = isClaudeAgent ? resolveClaudeAcpBinaryPath(shellEnv, electronModule) : null;
        const fallbackProvider = createACPProvider({
          command: isCodexAgent
            ? resolveCodexAcpBinaryPath(shellEnv, electronModule)
-            : acpCommand,
-          args: acpArgs || [],
+            : fallbackClaudeAcp
+              ? fallbackClaudeAcp.command
+              : acpCommand,
+          args: fallbackClaudeAcp
+            ? [...fallbackClaudeAcp.prependArgs, ...(acpArgs || [])]
+            : acpArgs || [],
          env: apiKey ? { ...shellEnv, CODEX_API_KEY: apiKey } : { ...shellEnv },
          session: {
            cwd: sessionCwd,
@@ -1827,15 +1896,15 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
      acpRequestSessions.set(requestId, chatSessionId);
      acpChatRuns.set(chatSessionId, { requestId, cancelRequested: false });

-      // Prepend context hint so the agent uses MCP tools for remote hosts
+      // Prepend context hint so the agent uses Netcatty MCP tools for the scoped sessions
      const contextualPrompt =
-        `[Context: You are inside Netcatty, a multi-host SSH terminal manager. ` +
-        `The user is managing REMOTE servers, not the local machine. ` +
-        `Use the "netcatty-remote-hosts" MCP tools to operate on the remote hosts. ` +
-        `Call get_environment first to discover available hosts and their session IDs. ` +
+        `[Context: You are inside Netcatty, a multi-session terminal manager. ` +
+        `Use the "netcatty-remote-hosts" MCP tools to operate only on the terminal sessions exposed by Netcatty. ` +
+        `Those sessions may be remote hosts, a local terminal, or Mosh-backed shells. ` +
+        `Call get_environment first to discover available sessions and their IDs. ` +
        `For normal shell commands, use terminal_execute so you receive command output. ` +
        `Use terminal_send_input only to respond to an interactive prompt that is already running; it does not read back the updated terminal output. ` +
-        `Do NOT use local shell execution.]\n\n${prompt}`;
+        `SFTP file tools only work for remote SSH sessions, not local terminals.]\n\n${prompt}`;

      // Build message content: text + optional attachments
      // ACP provider only supports image/* and audio/* inline via `type: "file"`.
@@ -2004,6 +2073,7 @@ function registerHandlers(ipcMain) {
    mcpServerBridge.cancelAllPtyExecs();
    const effectiveChatSessionId = chatSessionId || acpRequestSessions.get(requestId);
    mcpServerBridge.setChatSessionCancelled?.(effectiveChatSessionId, true);
+    mcpServerBridge.clearPendingApprovals(effectiveChatSessionId);
    const activeRun = effectiveChatSessionId ? acpChatRuns.get(effectiveChatSessionId) : null;
    if (activeRun && activeRun.requestId === requestId) {
      activeRun.cancelRequested = true;
--- a/electron/bridges/mcpServerBridge.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/mcpServerBridge.cjs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const { existsSync } = require("node:fs");
 const { toUnpackedAsarPath } = require("./ai/shellUtils.cjs");
 const { execViaPty, execViaChannel } = require("./ai/ptyExec.cjs");

-let sessions = null;   // Map<sessionId, { sshClient, stream, pty, conn, ... }>
+let sessions = null;   // Map<sessionId, { sshClient, stream, pty, proc, conn, ... }>
 let sftpClients = null; // Map<sftpId, SFTPWrapper>
 let tcpServer = null;
 let tcpPort = null;
@@ -57,6 +57,91 @@ let permissionMode = "confirm";
 const activePtyExecs = new Map(); // marker → { ptyStream, cleanup }
 const cancelledChatSessions = new Set();

+// ── Approval gate (for confirm mode with ACP/MCP agents) ──
+let getMainWindowFn = null; // () => BrowserWindow | null
+const pendingApprovals = new Map(); // approvalId → { resolve, chatSessionId }
+let approvalIdCounter = 0;
+
+function setMainWindowGetter(fn) {
+  getMainWindowFn = fn;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Request approval from the renderer process.
+ * Sends an IPC event and returns a Promise<boolean> that resolves
+ * when the user approves/rejects in the UI, or auto-denies after timeout.
+ */
+const APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000; // 5 minutes
+
+function requestApprovalFromRenderer(toolName, args, chatSessionId) {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const mainWin = typeof getMainWindowFn === 'function' ? getMainWindowFn() : null;
+    if (!mainWin || mainWin.isDestroyed()) {
+      // No renderer available — deny to preserve confirm mode safety guarantee
+      resolve(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    const approvalId = `mcp_approval_${++approvalIdCounter}_${Date.now()}`;
+
+    // Auto-deny after timeout so ACP/MCP tool calls don't hang indefinitely
+    const timerId = setTimeout(() => {
+      if (pendingApprovals.has(approvalId)) {
+        pendingApprovals.delete(approvalId);
+        resolve(false);
+        // Notify renderer to remove the stale approval card
+        try {
+          const win = typeof getMainWindowFn === 'function' ? getMainWindowFn() : null;
+          if (win && !win.isDestroyed()) {
+            win.webContents.send('netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-cleared', { approvalIds: [approvalId] });
+          }
+        } catch { /* ignore */ }
+      }
+    }, APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+    pendingApprovals.set(approvalId, {
+      resolve: (approved) => {
+        clearTimeout(timerId);
+        resolve(approved);
+      },
+      chatSessionId: chatSessionId || null,
+    });
+    mainWin.webContents.send('netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-request', {
+      approvalId,
+      toolName,
+      args,
+      chatSessionId: chatSessionId || undefined,
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+function resolveApprovalFromRenderer(approvalId, approved) {
+  const entry = pendingApprovals.get(approvalId);
+  if (entry) {
+    pendingApprovals.delete(approvalId);
+    entry.resolve(approved);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear pending MCP approvals, optionally scoped to a specific chatSessionId.
+ * Resolves matched entries with false (denied) to unblock hanging promises.
+ */
+function clearPendingApprovals(chatSessionId) {
+  if (!chatSessionId) {
+    for (const [, entry] of pendingApprovals) {
+      entry.resolve(false);
+    }
+    pendingApprovals.clear();
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const [id, entry] of pendingApprovals) {
+    if (entry.chatSessionId === chatSessionId) {
+      pendingApprovals.delete(id);
+      entry.resolve(false);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 function cancelAllPtyExecs() {
  for (const [marker, entry] of activePtyExecs) {
    try {
@@ -134,7 +219,7 @@ function isChatSessionCancelled(chatSessionId) {
 * Register metadata for terminal sessions (called from renderer via IPC).
 * Metadata is stored per-scope (chatSessionId) so different AI chat sessions
 * only see their own hosts.
- * @param {Array<{sessionId, hostname, label, os, username, connected}>} sessionList
+ * @param {Array<{sessionId, hostname, label, os, username, connected, protocol?, shellType?}>} sessionList
 * @param {string} [chatSessionId] - AI chat session ID for per-scope isolation
 */
 function updateSessionMetadata(sessionList, chatSessionId) {
@@ -146,6 +231,8 @@ function updateSessionMetadata(sessionList, chatSessionId) {
      label: s.label || "",
      os: s.os || "",
      username: s.username || "",
+      protocol: s.protocol || "",
+      shellType: s.shellType || "",
      connected: s.connected !== false,
    });
  }
@@ -189,6 +276,20 @@ function getSessionMeta(sessionId, chatSessionId) {
  return null;
 }

+function sessionSupportsSftp(session) {
+  const sshClient = session?.conn || session?.sshClient;
+  return !!(sshClient && typeof sshClient.exec === "function");
+}
+
+function scopeHasSftpSessions(sessionIds) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(sessionIds) || sessionIds.length === 0) return false;
+  for (const sessionId of sessionIds) {
+    const session = sessions?.get(sessionId);
+    if (sessionSupportsSftp(session)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 /**
 * Run an array of async task factories with a concurrency limit.
 */
@@ -354,6 +455,15 @@ async function dispatch(method, params) {
    return { ok: false, error: "Operation cancelled: the ACP session was stopped." };
  }

+  // Confirm mode: request user approval for write operations
+  if (permissionMode === "confirm" && WRITE_METHODS.has(method)) {
+    const { chatSessionId, ...toolArgs } = params || {};
+    const approved = await requestApprovalFromRenderer(method, toolArgs, chatSessionId);
+    if (!approved) {
+      return { ok: false, error: "Operation denied by user." };
+    }
+  }
+
  // Scope validation for session-targeted operations
  if (method !== "netcatty/getContext" && params?.sessionId) {
    const scopeErr = validateSessionScope(params.sessionId, params?.chatSessionId);
@@ -422,9 +532,11 @@ function handleGetContext(params) {
  }
  for (const [sessionId, session] of sessions.entries()) {
    if (scopedIds && !scopedIds.has(sessionId)) continue;
-    // Only include SSH sessions (skip local terminal sessions)
+    const ptyStream = session.stream || session.pty || session.proc;
    const sshClient = session.conn || session.sshClient;
-    if (!sshClient || typeof sshClient.exec !== "function") continue;
+    const hasCommandablePty = ptyStream && typeof ptyStream.write === "function";
+    const hasSshExec = sshClient && typeof sshClient.exec === "function";
+    if (!hasCommandablePty && !hasSshExec) continue;

    // Look up metadata scoped to this chat session
    const meta = getSessionMeta(sessionId, chatSessionId) || {};
@@ -434,15 +546,19 @@ function handleGetContext(params) {
      label: meta.label || session.label || "",
      os: meta.os || "",
      username: meta.username || session.username || "",
-      connected: meta.connected !== undefined ? meta.connected : !!(session.sshClient || session.conn),
+      protocol: meta.protocol || session.protocol || session.type || "",
+      shellType: meta.shellType || session.shellKind || "",
+      supportsSftp: sessionSupportsSftp(session),
+      connected: meta.connected !== undefined ? meta.connected : !!(session.sshClient || session.conn || ptyStream),
    });
  }

  return {
    environment: "netcatty-terminal",
-    description: "You are operating inside Netcatty, a multi-host SSH terminal manager. " +
-      "The user is managing remote servers. Use the provided tools to execute commands, " +
-      "read/write files, and manage hosts on the remote machines. " +
+    description: "You are operating inside Netcatty, a multi-session terminal manager. " +
+      "The available sessions may be remote hosts, local terminals, or Mosh-backed shells. " +
+      "Use the provided tools to execute commands through the sessions exposed by Netcatty. " +
+      "SFTP tools only work for remote SSH sessions. " +
      "Always prefer these tools over suggesting the user to do things manually.",
    hosts,
    hostCount: hosts.length,
@@ -466,26 +582,36 @@ function handleExec(params) {
  const session = sessions?.get(sessionId);
  if (!session) return { ok: false, error: "Session not found" };

-  const sshClient = session.conn || session.sshClient;
-  if (!sshClient || typeof sshClient.exec !== "function") {
-    return { ok: false, error: "Not an SSH session" };
+  if ((session.protocol === "local" || session.type === "local") && session.shellKind === "unknown") {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      error: "AI execution is not supported for this local shell executable. Configure the local terminal to use bash/zsh/sh, fish, PowerShell/pwsh, or cmd.exe.",
+    };
  }

-  const ptyStream = session.stream;
+  const sshClient = session.conn || session.sshClient;
+  const ptyStream = session.stream || session.pty || session.proc;
+
+  // Prefer the interactive PTY so the user sees command/output in-session.
+  if (ptyStream && typeof ptyStream.write === "function") {
+    return execViaPty(ptyStream, command, {
+      trackForCancellation: activePtyExecs,
+      timeoutMs: commandTimeoutMs,
+      shellKind: session.shellKind,
+    });
+  }
+
+  // If no PTY stream, fall back to exec channel for SSH sessions only.
+  if (!sshClient || typeof sshClient.exec !== "function") {
+    return { ok: false, error: "Session does not support command execution" };
+  }

-  // If no PTY stream, fall back to exec channel (invisible to terminal)
  if (!ptyStream || typeof ptyStream.write !== "function") {
    return execViaChannel(sshClient, command, {
      timeoutMs: commandTimeoutMs,
      trackForCancellation: activePtyExecs,
    });
  }
-
-  // Execute via PTY stream so user sees the command in the terminal
-  return execViaPty(ptyStream, command, {
-    trackForCancellation: activePtyExecs,
-    timeoutMs: commandTimeoutMs,
-  });
 }

 // ── Handler: terminalWrite ──
@@ -511,6 +637,10 @@ function handleTerminalWrite(params) {
    session.pty.write(input);
    return { ok: true };
  }
+  if (session.proc) {
+    session.proc.write(input);
+    return { ok: true };
+  }
  return { ok: false, error: "No writable stream" };
 }

@@ -740,7 +870,7 @@ async function handleMultiExec(params) {
  } else {
    // Parallel execution with concurrency limit
    const tasks = sessionIds.map((sid) => () => {
-      return handleExec({ sessionId: sid, command }).then(result => ({
+      return Promise.resolve(handleExec({ sessionId: sid, command })).then(result => ({
        sid,
        ok: result.ok,
        output: result.ok ? (result.stdout || "(no output)") : `Error: ${result.error || result.stderr || "Failed"}`,
@@ -786,6 +916,11 @@ function buildMcpServerConfig(port, scopedSessionIds, chatSessionId) {
    env.push({ name: "NETCATTY_MCP_CHAT_SESSION_ID", value: chatSessionId });
  }

+  env.push({
+    name: "NETCATTY_MCP_ENABLE_SFTP",
+    value: scopeHasSftpSessions(effectiveIds) ? "1" : "0",
+  });
+
  // Pass permission mode so MCP server can enforce it locally (defense-in-depth)
  env.push({ name: "NETCATTY_MCP_PERMISSION_MODE", value: permissionMode });

@@ -834,4 +969,7 @@ module.exports = {
  cancelAllPtyExecs,
  cleanupScopedMetadata,
  cleanup,
+  setMainWindowGetter,
+  resolveApprovalFromRenderer,
+  clearPendingApprovals,
 };
--- a/electron/bridges/sessionLogStreamManager.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/sessionLogStreamManager.cjs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

 const fs = require("node:fs");
 const path = require("node:path");
-const { stripAnsi, terminalDataToHtml } = require("./sessionLogsBridge.cjs");
+const { toLocalISOString, stripAnsi, terminalDataToHtml } = require("./sessionLogsBridge.cjs");

 // Active log streams keyed by sessionId
 const activeStreams = new Map();
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function startStream(sessionId, opts) {
    fs.mkdirSync(hostDir, { recursive: true });

    const date = new Date(startTime || Date.now());
-    const dateStr = date.toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-").slice(0, 19);
+    const dateStr = toLocalISOString(date);
    // For html format, write raw data to a temp file during streaming,
    // then convert on stopStream.
    const isHtml = format === "html";
--- a/electron/bridges/sessionLogsBridge.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/sessionLogsBridge.cjs
@@ -7,13 +7,36 @@ const fs = require("node:fs");
 const path = require("node:path");
 const { dialog } = require("electron");

+/**
+ * Get current Date to a local ISO-like string (YYYY-MM-DDTHH-MM-SS)
+ */
+function toLocalISOString(date = new Date()) {
+  const pad = (n) => String(n).padStart(2, '0');
+
+  const year = date.getFullYear();
+  const month = pad(date.getMonth() + 1);
+  const day = pad(date.getDate());
+  const hours = pad(date.getHours());
+  const minutes = pad(date.getMinutes());
+  const seconds = pad(date.getSeconds());
+
+  return `${year}-${month}-${day}T${hours}-${minutes}-${seconds}`;
+}
+
 /**
 * Strip ANSI escape codes from text
 * Used for plain text export format
 */
 function stripAnsi(str) {
  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
-  return str.replace(/\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])/g, "");
+  return str
+    // OSC: ESC ] ... BEL or ESC ] ... ESC \
+    .replace(/\x1B\][\s\S]*?(?:\x07|\x1B\\)/g, '')
+    // ANSI CSI / ESC sequences
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex
+    .replace(/\x1B(?:[@-Z\\-_]|\[[0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~])/g, "")
+    // Remove remaining control chars except \n \r \t
+    .replace(/[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]/g, '');
 }

 /**
@@ -148,7 +171,7 @@ async function exportSessionLog(event, payload) {

  // Generate default filename
  const date = new Date(startTime);
-  const dateStr = date.toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-").slice(0, 19);
+  const dateStr = toLocalISOString(date);
  const safeHostLabel = (hostLabel || hostname || "session").replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9-_]/g, "_");
  const ext = format === "html" ? "html" : format === "raw" ? "log" : "txt";
  const defaultPath = `${safeHostLabel}_${dateStr}.${ext}`;
@@ -223,7 +246,7 @@ async function autoSaveSessionLog(event, payload) {

    // Generate filename with timestamp
    const date = new Date(startTime);
-    const dateStr = date.toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-").slice(0, 19);
+    const dateStr = toLocalISOString(date);
    const ext = format === "html" ? "html" : format === "raw" ? "log" : "txt";
    const fileName = `${dateStr}.${ext}`;
    const filePath = path.join(hostDir, fileName);
@@ -285,5 +308,6 @@ module.exports = {
  autoSaveSessionLog,
  openSessionLogsDir,
  stripAnsi,
+  toLocalISOString,
  terminalDataToHtml,
 };
--- a/electron/bridges/sshBridge.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/sshBridge.cjs
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ async function startSSHSession(event, options) {
            // Start real-time session log stream if configured
            if (options.sessionLog?.enabled && options.sessionLog?.directory) {
              sessionLogStreamManager.startStream(sessionId, {
-                hostLabel: options.label || options.hostname || '',
+                hostLabel: options.hostLabel || options.hostname || '',
                hostname: options.hostname || '',
                directory: options.sessionLog.directory,
                format: options.sessionLog.format || 'txt',
--- a/electron/bridges/terminalBridge.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/terminalBridge.cjs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ const pty = require("node-pty");
 const { SerialPort } = require("serialport");

 const sessionLogStreamManager = require("./sessionLogStreamManager.cjs");
+const { detectShellKind } = require("./ai/ptyExec.cjs");

 // Shared references
 let sessions = null;
@@ -21,6 +22,22 @@ const DEFAULT_UTF8_LOCALE = "en_US.UTF-8";
 const LOGIN_SHELLS = new Set(["bash", "zsh", "fish", "ksh"]);
 const POWERSHELL_SHELLS = new Set(["powershell", "powershell.exe", "pwsh", "pwsh.exe"]);

+function expandHomePath(targetPath) {
+  if (!targetPath) return targetPath;
+  if (targetPath === "~") return os.homedir();
+  if (targetPath.startsWith("~/")) return path.join(os.homedir(), targetPath.slice(2));
+  return targetPath;
+}
+
+function normalizeExecutablePath(targetPath) {
+  const expanded = expandHomePath(targetPath);
+  if (!expanded) return expanded;
+  if (expanded.includes(path.sep) || expanded.startsWith(".")) {
+    return path.resolve(expanded);
+  }
+  return expanded;
+}
+
 const getLoginShellArgs = (shellPath) => {
  if (!shellPath || process.platform === "win32") return [];
  const shellName = path.basename(shellPath);
@@ -174,8 +191,9 @@ function startLocalSession(event, payload) {
    payload?.sessionId ||
    `${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2)}`;
  const defaultShell = getDefaultLocalShell();
-  const shell = payload?.shell || defaultShell;
+  const shell = normalizeExecutablePath(payload?.shell) || defaultShell;
  const shellArgs = getLocalShellArgs(shell);
+  const shellKind = detectShellKind(shell);
  const env = applyLocaleDefaults({
    ...process.env,
    ...(payload?.env || {}),
@@ -191,7 +209,7 @@ function startLocalSession(event, payload) {
  if (payload?.cwd) {
    try {
      // Resolve to absolute path and check if it exists and is a directory
-      const resolvedPath = path.resolve(payload.cwd);
+      const resolvedPath = path.resolve(expandHomePath(payload.cwd));
      if (fs.existsSync(resolvedPath) && fs.statSync(resolvedPath).isDirectory()) {
        cwd = resolvedPath;
      } else {
@@ -212,7 +230,21 @@ function startLocalSession(event, payload) {
  
  const session = {
    proc,
+    pty: proc,
+    type: "local",
+    protocol: "local",
    webContentsId: event.sender.id,
+    hostname: "localhost",
+    username: (() => {
+      try {
+        return os.userInfo().username || "local";
+      } catch {
+        return "local";
+      }
+    })(),
+    label: "Local Terminal",
+    shellExecutable: shell,
+    shellKind,
  };
  sessions.set(sessionId, session);

@@ -543,8 +575,15 @@ async function startMoshSession(event, options) {

    const session = {
      proc,
+      pty: proc,
      type: 'mosh',
+      protocol: 'mosh',
      webContentsId: event.sender.id,
+      hostname: options.hostname || '',
+      username: options.username || '',
+      label: options.label || options.hostname || 'Mosh Session',
+      shellKind: 'posix',
+      shellExecutable: 'remote-shell',
    };
    sessions.set(sessionId, session);

@@ -818,12 +857,7 @@ function validatePath(event, payload) {
  
  try {
    // Resolve path (handle ~, etc.)
-    let resolvedPath = targetPath;
-    if (resolvedPath === "~") {
-      resolvedPath = os.homedir();
-    } else if (resolvedPath.startsWith("~/")) {
-      resolvedPath = path.join(os.homedir(), resolvedPath.slice(2));
-    }
+    let resolvedPath = expandHomePath(targetPath);
    resolvedPath = path.resolve(resolvedPath);
    
    if (fs.existsSync(resolvedPath)) {
--- a/electron/bridges/transferBridge.cjs
+++ b/electron/bridges/transferBridge.cjs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ const TRANSFER_CONCURRENCY = 64;          // 64 parallel SFTP requests
 // Progress IPC throttle: sending too many IPC messages bogs down the event loop
 const PROGRESS_THROTTLE_MS = 100;         // Send IPC at most every 100ms
 const PROGRESS_THROTTLE_BYTES = 256 * 1024; // Or every 256KB of progress
+const ISOLATED_DOWNLOAD_IDLE_TTL_MS = 5000;

 // Speed calculation uses strict sliding-window average:
 // speed = bytes_delta_in_window / time_delta_in_window
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ let sftpClients = null;

 // Active transfers storage
 const activeTransfers = new Map();
+const isolatedDownloadChannelPools = new WeakMap();

 /**
 * Initialize the transfer bridge with dependencies
@@ -65,6 +67,185 @@ async function openIsolatedSftpChannel(client) {
  });
 }

+function getIsolatedDownloadChannelPool(client) {
+  let pool = isolatedDownloadChannelPools.get(client);
+  if (!pool) {
+    pool = {
+      idle: [],
+      idleTimers: new Map(),
+      busy: new Set(),
+      waiters: [],
+      opening: 0,
+      maxChannels: null,
+      warnedCapacity: false,
+    };
+    isolatedDownloadChannelPools.set(client, pool);
+  }
+  return pool;
+}
+
+function isIsolatedChannelOpenFailure(err) {
+  const message = err?.message || String(err || "");
+  return (
+    message.includes("Channel open failure") ||
+    message.includes("open failed")
+  );
+}
+
+function waitForIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, transfer) {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    let settled = false;
+    const waiter = () => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      const index = pool.waiters.indexOf(waiter);
+      if (index !== -1) {
+        pool.waiters.splice(index, 1);
+      }
+      if (transfer?.wakeWaiter === waiter) {
+        transfer.wakeWaiter = null;
+      }
+      resolve();
+    };
+    if (transfer) {
+      transfer.wakeWaiter = waiter;
+    }
+    pool.waiters.push(waiter);
+  });
+}
+
+function notifyIsolatedDownloadWaiter(pool) {
+  const waiter = pool.waiters.shift();
+  if (waiter) waiter();
+}
+
+function removeIdleIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, sftp) {
+  const index = pool.idle.indexOf(sftp);
+  if (index !== -1) {
+    pool.idle.splice(index, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+function clearIdleIsolatedDownloadTimer(pool, sftp) {
+  const timer = pool.idleTimers.get(sftp);
+  if (timer) {
+    clearTimeout(timer);
+    pool.idleTimers.delete(sftp);
+  }
+}
+
+function scheduleIdleIsolatedDownloadChannel(client, sftp) {
+  const pool = isolatedDownloadChannelPools.get(client);
+  if (!pool) return;
+
+  clearIdleIsolatedDownloadTimer(pool, sftp);
+  const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+    clearIdleIsolatedDownloadTimer(pool, sftp);
+    removeIdleIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, sftp);
+    try { sftp?.end?.(); } catch { }
+  }, ISOLATED_DOWNLOAD_IDLE_TTL_MS);
+  pool.idleTimers.set(sftp, timer);
+}
+
+function releaseIsolatedDownloadChannel(client, sftp, options = {}) {
+  const { dispose = false } = options;
+  const pool = isolatedDownloadChannelPools.get(client);
+  if (!pool) {
+    if (dispose) {
+      try { sftp?.end?.(); } catch { }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pool.busy.delete(sftp);
+  clearIdleIsolatedDownloadTimer(pool, sftp);
+
+  if (dispose) {
+    try { sftp?.end?.(); } catch { }
+    notifyIsolatedDownloadWaiter(pool);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  pool.idle.push(sftp);
+  scheduleIdleIsolatedDownloadChannel(client, sftp);
+  notifyIsolatedDownloadWaiter(pool);
+}
+
+async function acquireIsolatedDownloadChannel(client, transfer) {
+  const pool = getIsolatedDownloadChannelPool(client);
+
+  while (true) {
+    if (transfer?.cancelled) return null;
+
+    const cached = pool.idle.pop();
+    if (cached) {
+      clearIdleIsolatedDownloadTimer(pool, cached);
+      pool.busy.add(cached);
+      return cached;
+    }
+
+    const knownCapacity = pool.maxChannels;
+    const currentChannelCount = pool.idle.length + pool.busy.size + pool.opening;
+    if (knownCapacity !== null && currentChannelCount >= knownCapacity) {
+      if (pool.opening > 0) {
+        await waitForIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, transfer);
+        if (transfer?.cancelled) return null;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (pool.busy.size === 0) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      await waitForIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, transfer);
+      if (transfer?.cancelled) return null;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    pool.opening += 1;
+    try {
+      const opened = await openIsolatedSftpChannel(client);
+      pool.opening -= 1;
+      notifyIsolatedDownloadWaiter(pool);
+      if (!opened) return null;
+      pool.busy.add(opened);
+      const knownCapacity = pool.idle.length + pool.busy.size;
+      if (pool.maxChannels !== null) {
+        pool.maxChannels = Math.max(pool.maxChannels, knownCapacity);
+      }
+      return opened;
+    } catch (err) {
+      pool.opening -= 1;
+      notifyIsolatedDownloadWaiter(pool);
+      if (isIsolatedChannelOpenFailure(err)) {
+        if (pool.opening > 0) {
+          await waitForIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, transfer);
+          if (transfer?.cancelled) return null;
+          continue;
+        }
+        const detectedCapacity = pool.idle.length + pool.busy.size;
+        pool.maxChannels = detectedCapacity;
+        if (!pool.warnedCapacity) {
+          pool.warnedCapacity = true;
+          console.warn(
+            `[transferBridge] Isolated fastGet channel capacity reached; reusing up to ${detectedCapacity} extra channel(s) for this SFTP session.`,
+          );
+        }
+        if (detectedCapacity > 0) {
+          await waitForIsolatedDownloadChannel(pool, transfer);
+          if (transfer?.cancelled) return null;
+          continue;
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      console.warn(
+        "[transferBridge] Failed to open isolated SFTP channel for fastGet, falling back to streams:",
+        err.message || String(err),
+      );
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /**
 * Upload a local file to SFTP using ssh2's fastPut (parallel SFTP requests).
 * Falls back to sequential stream piping if fastPut is unavailable.
@@ -184,12 +365,7 @@ async function downloadFile(remotePath, localPath, client, fileSize, transfer, s

  // Prefer fastGet on an isolated SFTP channel so cancellation can abort just this transfer.
  if (!client.__netcattySudoMode) {
-    let fastSftp = null;
-    try {
-      fastSftp = await openIsolatedSftpChannel(client);
-    } catch (err) {
-      console.warn("[transferBridge] Failed to open isolated SFTP channel for fastGet, falling back to streams:", err.message || String(err));
-    }
+      const fastSftp = await acquireIsolatedDownloadChannel(client, transfer);

    if (fastSftp && typeof fastSftp.fastGet === "function") {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -205,7 +381,9 @@ async function downloadFile(remotePath, localPath, client, fileSize, transfer, s
            try { fastSftp.removeListener("error", onFastSftpError); } catch { }
            onFastSftpError = null;
          }
-          try { fastSftp.end(); } catch { }
+          releaseIsolatedDownloadChannel(client, fastSftp, {
+            dispose: !!err || transfer.cancelled,
+          });

          if (transfer.cancelled) reject(new Error("Transfer cancelled"));
          else if (err) reject(err);
@@ -214,7 +392,6 @@ async function downloadFile(remotePath, localPath, client, fileSize, transfer, s
        const abortFastTransfer = () => {
          if (settled) return;
          transfer.cancelled = true;
-          try { fastSftp.end(); } catch { }
          finish(new Error("Transfer cancelled"));
        };
        transfer.abort = abortFastTransfer;
@@ -236,10 +413,6 @@ async function downloadFile(remotePath, localPath, client, fileSize, transfer, s
        }, finish);
      });
    }
-
-    if (fastSftp && typeof fastSftp.end === "function") {
-      try { fastSftp.end(); } catch { }
-    }
  }

  // Fallback: sequential stream piping
@@ -302,7 +475,7 @@ async function startTransfer(event, payload, onProgress) {
  } = payload;
  const sender = event.sender;

-  const transfer = { cancelled: false, readStream: null, writeStream: null, abort: null };
+  const transfer = { cancelled: false, readStream: null, writeStream: null, abort: null, wakeWaiter: null };
  activeTransfers.set(transferId, transfer);
  const transferCreatedAt = Date.now();

@@ -554,6 +727,9 @@ async function cancelTransfer(event, payload) {
  const transfer = activeTransfers.get(transferId);
  if (transfer) {
    transfer.cancelled = true;
+    if (typeof transfer.wakeWaiter === "function") {
+      try { transfer.wakeWaiter(); } catch { }
+    }

    if (typeof transfer.abort === "function") {
      try { transfer.abort(); } catch { }
--- a/electron/main.cjs
+++ b/electron/main.cjs
@@ -606,6 +606,23 @@ const registerBridges = (win) => {
    return result.filePath;
  });

+  // Select a directory and return the selected path
+  ipcMain.handle("netcatty:selectDirectory", async (_event, { title, defaultPath }) => {
+    const { dialog } = electronModule;
+
+    const result = await dialog.showOpenDialog({
+      title: title || "Select Directory",
+      defaultPath,
+      properties: ["openDirectory", "createDirectory"],
+    });
+
+    if (result.canceled || !result.filePaths.length) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return result.filePaths[0];
+  });
+
  // Download SFTP file to temp and return local path
  ipcMain.handle("netcatty:sftp:downloadToTemp", async (_event, { sftpId, remotePath, fileName, encoding }) => {
    console.log(`[Main] Downloading SFTP file to temp:`);
--- a/electron/mcp/netcatty-mcp-server.cjs
+++ b/electron/mcp/netcatty-mcp-server.cjs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 *
 * Spawned by codex-acp (or other ACP agents) as a child process.
 * Communicates with the Netcatty main process via TCP (JSON-RPC over newline-delimited JSON).
- * Exposes SSH terminal and SFTP tools so ACP agents can operate on remote hosts.
+ * Exposes Netcatty terminal and SFTP tools so ACP agents can operate on scoped sessions.
 */
 "use strict";

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ const CHAT_SESSION_ID = process.env.NETCATTY_MCP_CHAT_SESSION_ID || null;

 // Permission mode: 'observer' | 'confirm' | 'autonomous' (defense-in-depth, TCP bridge also checks)
 const PERMISSION_MODE = process.env.NETCATTY_MCP_PERMISSION_MODE || "confirm";
+const ENABLE_SFTP_TOOLS = process.env.NETCATTY_MCP_ENABLE_SFTP !== "0";

 // Default command blocklist (defense-in-depth, TCP bridge also checks)
 // NOTE: Keep in sync with DEFAULT_COMMAND_BLOCKLIST in infrastructure/ai/types.ts
@@ -196,23 +197,31 @@ server.resource(
 // Tool: get_environment
 server.tool(
  "get_environment",
-  "Get information about the current Netcatty workspace: all connected remote hosts, their session IDs, OS, and connection status. Call this first to discover available hosts before executing commands.",
+  "Get information about the current Netcatty scope: all terminal sessions exposed by Netcatty, their session IDs, OS, shell hints, and connection status. Sessions may be remote hosts, a local terminal, or Mosh-backed shells. Call this first before executing commands.",
  {},
  async () => {
    process.stderr.write(`[netcatty-mcp] get_environment called, SCOPED_SESSION_IDS: ${JSON.stringify(SCOPED_SESSION_IDS)}, CHAT_SESSION_ID: ${CHAT_SESSION_ID}\n`);
    const ctx = await rpcCall("netcatty/getContext", scopeParams);
    process.stderr.write(`[netcatty-mcp] get_environment result: hostCount=${ctx.hostCount}, hosts=${JSON.stringify(ctx.hosts?.map(h => h.sessionId))}\n`);
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(ctx, null, 2) }] };
+    return {
+      content: [{
+        type: "text",
+        text: JSON.stringify({
+          ...ctx,
+          sftpAvailable: ENABLE_SFTP_TOOLS,
+        }, null, 2),
+      }],
+    };
  },
 );

 // Tool: terminal_execute
 server.tool(
  "terminal_execute",
-  "Execute a shell command on a remote host via SSH. The command runs in the host's shell and output (stdout/stderr) is returned when complete.",
+  "Execute a shell command on a Netcatty terminal session. The command runs in that session's shell and output (stdout/stderr) is returned when complete.",
  {
    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID (from get_environment) to execute on."),
-    command: z.string().describe("The shell command to execute on the remote host."),
+    command: z.string().describe("The shell command to execute in the target session."),
  },
  async ({ sessionId, command }) => {
    const guardErr = guardWriteOperation(command);
@@ -234,7 +243,7 @@ server.tool(
 // Tool: terminal_send_input
 server.tool(
  "terminal_send_input",
-  "Send raw input to a terminal session on a remote host. Use only for interactive programs that are already running: y/n prompts, passwords, ctrl+c (\\x03), ctrl+d (\\x04), or pressing enter (\\n). This tool does not return the updated terminal output. For normal commands, use terminal_execute.",
+  "Send raw input to a Netcatty terminal session. Use only for interactive programs that are already running: y/n prompts, passwords, ctrl+c (\\x03), ctrl+d (\\x04), or pressing enter (\\n). This tool does not return the updated terminal output. For normal commands, use terminal_execute.",
  {
    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID to send input to."),
    input: z.string().describe("The raw input string. Use escape sequences for special keys (e.g. \\x03 for ctrl+c, \\n for enter)."),
@@ -252,149 +261,151 @@ server.tool(
  },
 );

-// Tool: sftp_list_directory
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_list_directory",
-  "List the contents of a directory on the remote host. Returns file names, sizes, types, and modification timestamps.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the remote directory to list."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpList", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(result.files || result.output, null, 2) }] };
-  },
-);
+if (ENABLE_SFTP_TOOLS) {
+  // Tool: sftp_list_directory
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_list_directory",
+    "List the contents of a directory on the remote host. Returns file names, sizes, types, and modification timestamps.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the remote directory to list."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpList", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(result.files || result.output, null, 2) }] };
+    },
+  );

-// Tool: sftp_read_file
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_read_file",
-  "Read the content of a file on the remote host. Returns file content as text, truncated if the file is large.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the remote file to read."),
-    maxBytes: z.number().optional().default(10000).describe("Maximum bytes to read. Defaults to 10000."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, path, maxBytes }) => {
-    const safeMaxBytes = Math.max(1, Math.min(10 * 1024 * 1024, Number(maxBytes) || 10000));
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpRead", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path, maxBytes: safeMaxBytes });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: result.content || "(empty file)" }] };
-  },
-);
+  // Tool: sftp_read_file
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_read_file",
+    "Read the content of a file on the remote host. Returns file content as text, truncated if the file is large.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the remote file to read."),
+      maxBytes: z.number().optional().default(10000).describe("Maximum bytes to read. Defaults to 10000."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, path, maxBytes }) => {
+      const safeMaxBytes = Math.max(1, Math.min(10 * 1024 * 1024, Number(maxBytes) || 10000));
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpRead", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path, maxBytes: safeMaxBytes });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: result.content || "(empty file)" }] };
+    },
+  );

-// Tool: sftp_write_file
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_write_file",
-  "Write content to a file on the remote host. Creates the file if it does not exist, or overwrites it.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the remote file to write."),
-    content: z.string().describe("The text content to write to the file."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, path, content }) => {
-    const guardErr = guardWriteOperation(path);
-    if (guardErr) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpWrite", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path, content });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Written: ${path}` }] };
-  },
-);
+  // Tool: sftp_write_file
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_write_file",
+    "Write content to a file on the remote host. Creates the file if it does not exist, or overwrites it.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the remote file to write."),
+      content: z.string().describe("The text content to write to the file."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, path, content }) => {
+      const guardErr = guardWriteOperation(path);
+      if (guardErr) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpWrite", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path, content });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Written: ${path}` }] };
+    },
+  );

-// Tool: sftp_mkdir
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_mkdir",
-  "Create a directory on the remote host. Creates parent directories if they don't exist.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the directory to create."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
-    const guardErr = guardWriteOperation();
-    if (guardErr) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpMkdir", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Created directory: ${path}` }] };
-  },
-);
+  // Tool: sftp_mkdir
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_mkdir",
+    "Create a directory on the remote host. Creates parent directories if they don't exist.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the directory to create."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
+      const guardErr = guardWriteOperation();
+      if (guardErr) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpMkdir", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Created directory: ${path}` }] };
+    },
+  );

-// Tool: sftp_remove
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_remove",
-  "Delete a file or directory on the remote host. Directories are removed recursively.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the file or directory to delete."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
-    const guardErr = guardWriteOperation();
-    if (guardErr) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpRemove", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Removed: ${path}` }] };
-  },
-);
+  // Tool: sftp_remove
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_remove",
+    "Delete a file or directory on the remote host. Directories are removed recursively.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      path: z.string().describe("The absolute path of the file or directory to delete."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
+      const guardErr = guardWriteOperation();
+      if (guardErr) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpRemove", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Removed: ${path}` }] };
+    },
+  );

-// Tool: sftp_rename
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_rename",
-  "Rename or move a file/directory on the remote host.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    oldPath: z.string().describe("The current absolute path."),
-    newPath: z.string().describe("The new absolute path."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, oldPath, newPath }) => {
-    const guardErr = guardWriteOperation();
-    if (guardErr) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpRename", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, oldPath, newPath });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Renamed: ${oldPath} → ${newPath}` }] };
-  },
-);
+  // Tool: sftp_rename
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_rename",
+    "Rename or move a file/directory on the remote host.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      oldPath: z.string().describe("The current absolute path."),
+      newPath: z.string().describe("The new absolute path."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, oldPath, newPath }) => {
+      const guardErr = guardWriteOperation();
+      if (guardErr) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${guardErr}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpRename", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, oldPath, newPath });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Renamed: ${oldPath} → ${newPath}` }] };
+    },
+  );

-// Tool: sftp_stat
-server.tool(
-  "sftp_stat",
-  "Get file/directory metadata on the remote host: type, size, permissions, and modification time.",
-  {
-    sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
-    path: z.string().describe("The absolute path to stat."),
-  },
-  async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
-    const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpStat", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
-    if (result.error) {
-      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
-    }
-    return { content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(result, null, 2) }] };
-  },
-);
+  // Tool: sftp_stat
+  server.tool(
+    "sftp_stat",
+    "Get file/directory metadata on the remote host: type, size, permissions, and modification time.",
+    {
+      sessionId: z.string().describe("The terminal session ID for the remote host."),
+      path: z.string().describe("The absolute path to stat."),
+    },
+    async ({ sessionId, path }) => {
+      const result = await rpcCall("netcatty/sftpStat", { ...scopeParams, sessionId, path });
+      if (result.error) {
+        return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Error: ${result.error}` }], isError: true };
+      }
+      return { content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(result, null, 2) }] };
+    },
+  );
+}

 // Tool: multi_host_execute
 server.tool(
  "multi_host_execute",
-  "Execute a command on multiple remote hosts simultaneously or sequentially. Useful for fleet-wide operations like checking status, deploying updates, or maintenance.",
+  "Execute a command on multiple Netcatty terminal sessions simultaneously or sequentially. Useful for fleet-wide operations, or to compare local and remote environments.",
  {
    sessionIds: z.array(z.string()).describe("Array of session IDs to execute on."),
    command: z.string().describe("The shell command to execute on each host."),
--- a/electron/preload.cjs
+++ b/electron/preload.cjs
@@ -27,30 +27,75 @@ function cleanupTransferListeners(transferId) {
  transferCancelledListeners.delete(transferId);
 }

-// Filter MCP marker artifacts from terminal output:
-// 1. Marker output lines (standalone): __NCMCP_xxx_S or __NCMCP_xxx_E:0
-// 2. End marker command echo: __nc=$?;printf '__NCMCP_...'
-// 3. Start marker printf prefix in echoed command: printf '__NCMCP_...\n';
-// We keep the actual command part visible.
-function filterMcpMarkers(data) {
-  return data
-    // Remove standalone marker output lines (printf output)
-    .replace(/^__NCMCP_[^\r\n]*[\r\n]*/gm, "")
-    // Remove end marker command echo lines
-    .replace(/[^\r\n]*__nc=\$\?;printf '[^\r\n]*__NCMCP_[^\r\n]*[\r\n]*/g, "")
-    // Remove start marker printf prefix from combined command lines
-    .replace(/printf '__NCMCP_[^']*\\n';/g, "");
+// ── MCP marker filter with per-session line buffering ──
+// PTY data arrives in arbitrary chunks; the marker string (__NCMCP_) can be
+// split across chunk boundaries so a simple data.includes() guard misses it.
+// We buffer the trailing fragment of each chunk and prepend it to the next
+// chunk, then filter complete lines that contain the marker.
+
+const _mcpLineBufs = new Map(); // sessionId -> trailing fragment string
+
+// Returns true if `s` ends with a non-empty prefix of "__NCMCP_"
+// (i.e. the next chunk might complete it into a marker-containing line).
+function _endsWithMarkerPrefix(s) {
+  const p = "__NCMCP_";
+  for (let i = 1; i < p.length; i++) {
+    if (s.endsWith(p.slice(0, i))) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function filterMcpChunk(sessionId, chunk) {
+  // Prepend any buffered fragment from the previous chunk
+  const held = _mcpLineBufs.get(sessionId) || "";
+  const data = held + chunk;
+  _mcpLineBufs.delete(sessionId);
+
+  // Fast path: nothing suspicious in the combined data
+  if (!data.includes("__NCMCP_") && !_endsWithMarkerPrefix(data)) {
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  // Slow path: scan line by line
+  let result = "";
+  let pos = 0;
+  while (pos < data.length) {
+    const nlIdx = data.indexOf("\n", pos);
+    if (nlIdx === -1) {
+      // Incomplete trailing line — no newline yet
+      const tail = data.slice(pos);
+      if (tail.includes("__NCMCP_") || _endsWithMarkerPrefix(tail)) {
+        // Hold it; next chunk might complete or confirm the marker
+        _mcpLineBufs.set(sessionId, tail);
+      } else {
+        result += tail; // safe to display immediately
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    const line = data.slice(pos, nlIdx + 1); // includes the \n
+    if (!line.includes("__NCMCP_")) {
+      result += line;
+    }
+    // else: drop it — it's a wrapper marker line (or echo of one)
+    pos = nlIdx + 1;
+  }
+
+  // Also strip Posix pager prefix and Fish env lines that have no __NCMCP_
+  if (result) {
+    result = result
+      .replace(/PAGER=cat SYSTEMD_PAGER= GIT_PAGER=cat LESS= /g, "")
+      .replace(/^set -gx (?:PAGER|SYSTEMD_PAGER|GIT_PAGER|LESS) [^\r\n]*[\r\n]*/gm, "")
+      .replace(/^set "(?:PAGER|SYSTEMD_PAGER|GIT_PAGER|LESS)=[^"]*"[\r\n]*/gm, "");
+  }
+
+  return result;
 }

 ipcRenderer.on("netcatty:data", (_event, payload) => {
  const set = dataListeners.get(payload.sessionId);
  if (!set) return;
-  // Filter MCP marker artifacts before they reach xterm.js
-  let data = payload.data;
-  if (data.includes("__NCMCP_")) {
-    data = filterMcpMarkers(data);
-    if (!data) return;
-  }
+  const data = filterMcpChunk(payload.sessionId, payload.data);
+  if (!data) return;
  set.forEach((cb) => {
    try {
      cb(data);
@@ -73,6 +118,7 @@ ipcRenderer.on("netcatty:exit", (_event, payload) => {
  }
  dataListeners.delete(payload.sessionId);
  exitListeners.delete(payload.sessionId);
+  _mcpLineBufs.delete(payload.sessionId); // clean up any held fragment
 });

 // Chain progress events (for jump host connections)
@@ -827,6 +873,8 @@ const api = {
  // Save dialog for file downloads
  showSaveDialog: (defaultPath, filters) =>
    ipcRenderer.invoke("netcatty:showSaveDialog", { defaultPath, filters }),
+  selectDirectory: (title, defaultPath) =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke("netcatty:selectDirectory", { title, defaultPath }),

  // File watcher for auto-sync feature
  startFileWatch: (localPath, remotePath, sftpId, encoding) =>
@@ -1064,6 +1112,21 @@ const api = {
  aiMcpSetPermissionMode: async (mode) => {
    return ipcRenderer.invoke("netcatty:ai:mcp:set-permission-mode", { mode });
  },
+  // MCP approval gate: renderer receives approval requests from main process
+  onMcpApprovalRequest: (cb) => {
+    const handler = (_event, payload) => cb(payload);
+    ipcRenderer.on("netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-request", handler);
+    return () => ipcRenderer.removeListener("netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-request", handler);
+  },
+  respondMcpApproval: async (approvalId, approved) => {
+    return ipcRenderer.invoke("netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-response", { approvalId, approved });
+  },
+  // MCP approval cleared: main process timed out or cancelled an approval
+  onMcpApprovalCleared: (cb) => {
+    const handler = (_event, payload) => cb(payload);
+    ipcRenderer.on("netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-cleared", handler);
+    return () => ipcRenderer.removeListener("netcatty:ai:mcp:approval-cleared", handler);
+  },
  // ACP streaming
  aiAcpStream: async (requestId, chatSessionId, acpCommand, acpArgs, prompt, cwd, providerId, model, existingSessionId, historyMessages, images) => {
    return ipcRenderer.invoke("netcatty:ai:acp:stream", { requestId, chatSessionId, acpCommand, acpArgs, prompt, cwd, providerId, model, existingSessionId, historyMessages, images });
--- a/global.d.ts
+++ b/global.d.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 import type { RemoteFile, SftpFilenameEncoding } from "./types";
 import type { S3Config, SMBConfig, SyncedFile, WebDAVConfig } from "./domain/sync";

+declare module "*.cjs" {
+  const value: Record<string, unknown>;
+  export = value;
+}
+
 declare global {
  // Extend HTMLInputElement to support webkitdirectory attribute
  namespace JSX {
@@ -47,6 +52,7 @@ declare global {

  interface NetcattySSHOptions {
    sessionId?: string;
+    hostLabel?: string;
    hostname: string;
    username: string;
    port?: number;
@@ -571,6 +577,7 @@ declare global {

    // Save dialog for file downloads
    showSaveDialog?(defaultPath: string, filters?: Array<{ name: string; extensions: string[] }>): Promise<string | null>;
+    selectDirectory?(title?: string, defaultPath?: string): Promise<string | null>;

    // File watcher for auto-sync feature
    startFileWatch?(localPath: string, remotePath: string, sftpId: string, encoding?: SftpFilenameEncoding): Promise<{ watchId: string }>;
@@ -689,7 +696,16 @@ declare global {
      logoutOutput?: string;
      error?: string;
    }>;
-    aiMcpUpdateSessions?(sessions: Array<{ sessionId: string; hostname: string; label: string; os?: string; username?: string; connected: boolean }>): Promise<{ ok: boolean }>;
+    aiMcpUpdateSessions?(sessions: Array<{
+      sessionId: string;
+      hostname: string;
+      label: string;
+      os?: string;
+      username?: string;
+      protocol?: string;
+      shellType?: string;
+      connected: boolean;
+    }>, chatSessionId?: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean }>;
    aiSpawnAgent?(agentId: string, command: string, args?: string[], env?: Record<string, string>, options?: { closeStdin?: boolean }): Promise<{ ok: boolean; pid?: number; error?: string }>;
    aiWriteToAgent?(agentId: string, data: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; error?: string }>;
    aiCloseAgentStdin?(agentId: string): Promise<{ ok: boolean; error?: string }>;
--- a/infrastructure/ai/cattyAgent/executor.ts
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/cattyAgent/executor.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ export interface ExecutorContext {
    label: string;
    os?: string;
    username?: string;
+    protocol?: string;
+    shellType?: string;
    connected: boolean;
  }>;
  // Workspace info
--- a/infrastructure/ai/cattyAgent/systemPrompt.ts
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/cattyAgent/systemPrompt.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ export interface SystemPromptContext {
    label: string;
    os?: string;
    username?: string;
+    protocol?: string;
+    shellType?: string;
    connected: boolean;
  }>;
  permissionMode: 'observer' | 'confirm' | 'autonomous';
@@ -20,13 +22,13 @@ export function buildSystemPrompt(context: SystemPromptContext): string {
  const hostList = buildHostList(hosts);
  const permissionRules = buildPermissionRules(permissionMode);

-  return `You are **Catty Agent**, a terminal automation assistant built into netcatty. You help users manage remote servers by executing commands, reading files, and performing batch operations across multiple hosts.
+  return `You are **Catty Agent**, a terminal automation assistant built into netcatty. You help users operate terminal sessions managed by Netcatty, including remote hosts and the user's local terminal.

 ## Current Scope

 ${scopeDescription}

-## Available Hosts
+## Available Sessions

 ${hostList}

@@ -36,21 +38,21 @@ ${permissionRules}

 ## Guidelines

-1. **Plan before acting.** When a task involves multiple steps, present a brief numbered plan to the user before executing. Wait for acknowledgment on complex or risky operations.
+1. **Plan before acting.** When a task involves multiple steps, present a brief numbered plan to the user before executing.

-2. **Use the right tool.** For normal shell commands, use \`terminal_execute\` so you receive the command output. When operating on multiple hosts, call \`terminal_execute\` for each host.
+2. **Use the right tool.** For normal shell commands, use \`terminal_execute\` so you receive the command output. When operating on multiple sessions, call \`terminal_execute\` for each target session.

 3. **Never execute dangerous commands.** Commands matching the blocklist (e.g. \`rm -rf /\`, \`mkfs\`, \`dd\` to disk devices, \`shutdown\`, fork bombs, recursive chmod 777 on root) are strictly forbidden and will be automatically denied. Do not attempt to bypass these restrictions.

-4. **Explain before executing.** Before running any command, briefly explain what it does and why. This is especially important for commands that modify the system.
+4. **Explain before executing.** Before running any command, briefly explain what it does and why.

 5. **Handle errors gracefully.** If a command fails, analyze the error output, explain what went wrong, and suggest alternatives or corrective actions. Do not retry the same failing command without modification.

 6. **Stay focused.** Keep responses concise and relevant to terminal and server operations. Avoid unrelated commentary.

-7. **Respect connection status.** Only attempt operations on hosts that are currently connected. If a host is disconnected, inform the user and suggest reconnecting.
+7. **Respect connection status.** Only attempt operations on sessions that are currently connected. If a session is disconnected, inform the user and suggest reconnecting or reopening it.

-8. **Be careful with file operations.** When writing files via shell commands, confirm the target path with the user if there is any ambiguity. Always prefer appending or targeted edits over full file overwrites when possible.
+8. **Be careful with file operations.** When writing files via shell commands, prefer appending or targeted edits over full file overwrites when possible.

 9. **Fetch URLs when provided.** When the user shares a URL or asks you to read a webpage, use \`url_fetch\` to retrieve its content.${webSearchEnabled ? `

@@ -63,11 +65,11 @@ function buildScopeDescription(
 ): string {
  switch (scopeType) {
    case 'terminal':
-      return `You are scoped to a single terminal session${scopeLabel ? `: **${scopeLabel}**` : ''}. Focus operations on this specific host.`;
+      return `You are scoped to a single terminal session${scopeLabel ? `: **${scopeLabel}**` : ''}. Focus operations on this specific session.`;
    case 'workspace':
-      return `You are scoped to workspace${scopeLabel ? ` **${scopeLabel}**` : ''}. You can operate on any host within this workspace.`;
+      return `You are scoped to workspace${scopeLabel ? ` **${scopeLabel}**` : ''}. You can operate on any session within this workspace.`;
    case 'global':
-      return `You have global scope and can operate on any connected host across all workspaces.`;
+      return `You have global scope and can operate on any connected session across all workspaces.`;
  }
 }

@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ function buildHostList(
  hosts: SystemPromptContext['hosts'],
 ): string {
  if (hosts.length === 0) {
-    return '_No hosts are currently available. The user needs to connect to a host first._';
+    return '_No terminal sessions are currently available. The user needs to open or connect a terminal first._';
  }

  const lines = hosts.map(host => {
@@ -83,8 +85,10 @@ function buildHostList(
    const details = [
      `hostname: ${host.hostname}`,
      `label: ${host.label}`,
+      host.protocol ? `protocol: ${host.protocol}` : null,
      host.os ? `os: ${host.os}` : null,
      host.username ? `user: ${host.username}` : null,
+      host.shellType ? `shell: ${host.shellType}` : null,
      `status: ${status}`,
    ]
      .filter(Boolean)
@@ -112,10 +116,10 @@ function buildPermissionRules(

    case 'confirm':
      return [
-        'You are in **confirm** mode. Every write or execute operation requires explicit user approval before it runs:',
-        '- Command execution (`terminal_execute`)',
+        'You are in **confirm** mode. The system will automatically show an approval prompt to the user for write and execute operations:',
+        '- Command execution (`terminal_execute`) will pause and show approval buttons in the UI automatically.',
        '',
-        'Read-only operations are allowed without confirmation. When proposing a command, clearly state what it will do so the user can make an informed decision.',
+        'You do NOT need to ask the user for confirmation in your text responses. Just call the tool directly — the approval system handles it. Read-only operations are allowed without any approval.',
      ].join('\n');

    case 'autonomous':
--- a/infrastructure/ai/sdk/tools.ts
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/sdk/tools.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
  type ToolDeps,
  type ToolExecResult,
 } from '../shared/toolExecutors';
+import { requestApproval } from '../shared/approvalGate';

 /** Unwrap a shared ToolExecResult into the shape expected by Vercel AI SDK tool results. */
 function unwrap<T>(r: ToolExecResult<T>): T | { error: string } {
@@ -34,28 +35,35 @@ export function createCattyTools(
  commandBlocklist?: string[],
  permissionMode: AIPermissionMode = 'confirm',
  webSearchConfig?: WebSearchConfig,
+  chatSessionId?: string,
 ) {
-  const writeToolNeedsApproval = permissionMode === 'confirm';
  const deps: ToolDeps = { bridge, context, commandBlocklist, permissionMode, webSearchConfig };

  return {
    terminal_execute: tool({
      description:
-        'Execute a shell command on a remote host via the specified terminal session. ' +
+        'Execute a shell command on the specified terminal session. ' +
        "The command runs in the session's shell and output is returned when complete.",
      inputSchema: z.object({
        sessionId: z.string().describe('The terminal session ID to execute the command on.'),
-        command: z.string().describe('The shell command to execute on the remote host.'),
+        command: z.string().describe('The shell command to execute in the target session.'),
      }),
-      needsApproval: writeToolNeedsApproval,
-      execute: async ({ sessionId, command }) => {
+      // No needsApproval — approval is handled inside execute via the approval gate.
+      execute: async ({ sessionId, command }, { toolCallId }) => {
+        // In confirm mode, await user approval before executing
+        if (permissionMode === 'confirm') {
+          const approved = await requestApproval(toolCallId, 'terminal_execute', { sessionId, command }, chatSessionId);
+          if (!approved) {
+            return { error: 'User denied command execution.' };
+          }
+        }
        return unwrap(await executeTerminalExecute(deps, { sessionId, command }));
      },
    }),

    workspace_get_info: tool({
      description:
-        'Get information about the current workspace, including all configured hosts ' +
+        'Get information about the current workspace, including all terminal sessions ' +
        'and their connection status. No parameters required.',
      inputSchema: z.object({}),
      execute: async () => {
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ export function createCattyTools(
    workspace_get_session_info: tool({
      description:
        'Get detailed information about a specific terminal or SFTP session, including ' +
-        'the host it is connected to, connection status, and session metadata.',
+        'its connection status, protocol, shell hints, and session metadata.',
      inputSchema: z.object({
        sessionId: z.string().describe('The session ID to get information about.'),
      }),
--- a/infrastructure/ai/shared/approvalGate.ts
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/shared/approvalGate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+/**
+ * approvalGate — Promise-based approval system for tool execution.
+ *
+ * Tools call `requestApproval()` inside their `execute` function. This returns
+ * a Promise that resolves when the user approves/rejects from the UI, or after
+ * a timeout (default 5 minutes) to prevent indefinite hangs.
+ *
+ * Also supports MCP/ACP tool calls from the Electron main process:
+ * the main process sends an IPC approval request, and we route it
+ * through the same listener/UI system. MCP approvals are stored in
+ * the same pendingApprovals map so they survive ChatMessageList
+ * unmount/remount cycles via replayPendingApprovals().
+ *
+ * Approvals are scoped by optional chatSessionId to prevent cross-session
+ * interference when stopping or cancelling sessions.
+ */
+
+/** Default timeout for unanswered approval prompts (5 minutes). */
+const APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000;
+
+export interface ApprovalRequest {
+  toolCallId: string;
+  toolName: string;
+  args: Record<string, unknown>;
+  /** Optional chat session scope — used to clear only relevant approvals on stop */
+  chatSessionId?: string;
+}
+
+// Pending approval entries keyed by toolCallId.
+// SDK approvals have a real `resolve` callback; MCP approvals use a no-op
+// (the real resolution goes via IPC in resolveApproval).
+const pendingApprovals = new Map<string, {
+  resolve: (approved: boolean) => void;
+  request: ApprovalRequest;
+}>();
+
+// Subscribers for approval request events (UI listens here)
+type ApprovalRequestListener = (request: ApprovalRequest) => void;
+const listeners = new Set<ApprovalRequestListener>();
+
+// Subscribers for approval cleared/removed events (UI listens to clean up cards)
+type ApprovalClearedListener = (toolCallIds: string[]) => void;
+const clearedListeners = new Set<ApprovalClearedListener>();
+
+/**
+ * Called from a tool's `execute` function when it needs user approval.
+ * Returns a Promise<boolean> that resolves to `true` (approved) or `false` (denied).
+ * The UI is notified via the listener system to render approval buttons.
+ *
+ * If the user does not respond within `timeoutMs` (default 5 minutes), the
+ * approval is auto-denied to prevent the session from hanging indefinitely.
+ */
+export function requestApproval(
+  toolCallId: string,
+  toolName: string,
+  args: Record<string, unknown>,
+  chatSessionId?: string,
+  timeoutMs: number = APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  const request: ApprovalRequest = { toolCallId, toolName, args, chatSessionId };
+
+  return new Promise<boolean>((resolve) => {
+    let timerId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+    const wrappedResolve = (approved: boolean) => {
+      if (timerId) { clearTimeout(timerId); timerId = null; }
+      resolve(approved);
+    };
+
+    pendingApprovals.set(toolCallId, { resolve: wrappedResolve, request });
+
+    // Auto-deny after timeout so the session doesn't hang indefinitely
+    timerId = setTimeout(() => {
+      if (pendingApprovals.has(toolCallId)) {
+        pendingApprovals.delete(toolCallId);
+        wrappedResolve(false);
+        // Notify UI to remove the stale card
+        for (const cl of clearedListeners) {
+          try { cl([toolCallId]); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        }
+      }
+    }, timeoutMs);
+
+    // Notify all UI listeners
+    for (const listener of listeners) {
+      try { listener(request); } catch { /* ignore listener errors */ }
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Called from the UI when the user approves or rejects a tool execution.
+ * Handles both SDK tool calls (local Promise) and MCP tool calls (IPC to main process).
+ */
+export function resolveApproval(toolCallId: string, approved: boolean): void {
+  const entry = pendingApprovals.get(toolCallId);
+  if (entry) {
+    pendingApprovals.delete(toolCallId);
+    // SDK tool calls have a real resolve; MCP tool calls have a no-op resolve
+    entry.resolve(approved);
+  }
+
+  // MCP tool call: also forward response to main process via IPC
+  if (toolCallId.startsWith('mcp_approval_')) {
+    const bridge = (window as unknown as { netcatty?: { respondMcpApproval?: (id: string, approved: boolean) => Promise<unknown> } }).netcatty;
+    bridge?.respondMcpApproval?.(toolCallId, approved);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Subscribe to approval request events. Returns an unsubscribe function.
+ */
+export function onApprovalRequest(listener: ApprovalRequestListener): () => void {
+  listeners.add(listener);
+  return () => { listeners.delete(listener); };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Subscribe to approval cleared/removed events. Returns an unsubscribe function.
+ * Fired when approvals are cleared (e.g. on session stop) or timed out,
+ * so the UI can remove stale approval cards.
+ */
+export function onApprovalCleared(listener: ApprovalClearedListener): () => void {
+  clearedListeners.add(listener);
+  return () => { clearedListeners.delete(listener); };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replay all currently pending approval requests to a listener.
+ * Useful when ChatMessageList remounts after being unmounted — without this,
+ * approvals that fired while unmounted would be silently missed and the
+ * corresponding execute Promises would hang indefinitely.
+ *
+ * This covers both SDK and MCP approvals since both are stored in the same map.
+ */
+export function replayPendingApprovals(listener: ApprovalRequestListener): void {
+  for (const [, entry] of pendingApprovals) {
+    try { listener(entry.request); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a specific toolCallId has a pending approval.
+ */
+export function hasPendingApproval(toolCallId: string): boolean {
+  return pendingApprovals.has(toolCallId);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear pending approvals, optionally scoped to a specific chatSessionId.
+ * Resolves matching entries with `false` (denied) so execute functions don't hang.
+ * Also notifies cleared-listeners so the UI can remove stale approval cards.
+ *
+ * When chatSessionId is provided, only approvals belonging to that session
+ * are cleared — preventing cross-session interference in concurrent chats.
+ * When omitted, all pending approvals are cleared (backward-compatible).
+ */
+export function clearAllPendingApprovals(chatSessionId?: string): void {
+  const clearedIds: string[] = [];
+
+  if (!chatSessionId) {
+    // Clear everything (legacy / global stop)
+    for (const [id, entry] of pendingApprovals) {
+      entry.resolve(false);
+      clearedIds.push(id);
+    }
+    pendingApprovals.clear();
+  } else {
+    // Scoped clear: only remove approvals for this chatSessionId
+    for (const [id, entry] of pendingApprovals) {
+      if (entry.request.chatSessionId === chatSessionId) {
+        pendingApprovals.delete(id);
+        entry.resolve(false);
+        clearedIds.push(id);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Notify UI listeners to remove the cards
+  if (clearedIds.length > 0) {
+    for (const cl of clearedListeners) {
+      try { cl(clearedIds); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set up a bridge to receive MCP/ACP approval requests from the Electron main process.
+ * Subscribes to IPC events and stores them in the same pendingApprovals map,
+ * so the same ToolCall UI handles both SDK and MCP approvals, and approvals
+ * survive ChatMessageList unmount/remount cycles via replayPendingApprovals().
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: Call this from a component that stays mounted for the lifetime of
+ * the AI panel (e.g. AIChatSidePanel), NOT from ChatMessageList which unmounts
+ * on tab switches.
+ *
+ * Returns an unsubscribe function.
+ */
+export function setupMcpApprovalBridge(): () => void {
+  const bridge = (window as unknown as {
+    netcatty?: {
+      onMcpApprovalRequest?: (cb: (payload: {
+        approvalId: string;
+        toolName: string;
+        args: Record<string, unknown>;
+        chatSessionId?: string;
+      }) => void) => () => void;
+      onMcpApprovalCleared?: (cb: (payload: {
+        approvalIds: string[];
+      }) => void) => () => void;
+    };
+  }).netcatty;
+  if (!bridge?.onMcpApprovalRequest) return () => {};
+
+  const unsubRequest = bridge.onMcpApprovalRequest((payload) => {
+    const request: ApprovalRequest = {
+      toolCallId: payload.approvalId,
+      toolName: payload.toolName,
+      args: payload.args,
+      chatSessionId: payload.chatSessionId,
+    };
+
+    // Store in pendingApprovals so it survives unmount/remount
+    // The resolve is a no-op because MCP approval resolution goes through IPC
+    // (handled in resolveApproval when toolCallId starts with 'mcp_approval_')
+    if (!pendingApprovals.has(payload.approvalId)) {
+      pendingApprovals.set(payload.approvalId, {
+        resolve: () => {}, // no-op; real resolution is via IPC
+        request,
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Notify all UI listeners
+    for (const listener of listeners) {
+      try { listener(request); } catch { /* ignore listener errors */ }
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Subscribe to main-process approval cleared events (timeout, cancel)
+  // so stale approval cards are removed from the renderer UI.
+  const unsubCleared = bridge.onMcpApprovalCleared?.((payload) => {
+    const clearedIds: string[] = [];
+    for (const id of payload.approvalIds) {
+      if (pendingApprovals.has(id)) {
+        pendingApprovals.delete(id);
+        clearedIds.push(id);
+      }
+    }
+    if (clearedIds.length > 0) {
+      for (const cl of clearedListeners) {
+        try { cl(clearedIds); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return () => {
+    unsubRequest();
+    unsubCleared?.();
+  };
+}
--- a/infrastructure/ai/shared/toolExecutors.ts
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/shared/toolExecutors.ts
@@ -112,6 +112,8 @@ export function executeWorkspaceGetInfo(
    label: string;
    os?: string;
    username?: string;
+    protocol?: string;
+    shellType?: string;
    connected: boolean;
  }>;
 }> {
@@ -127,6 +129,8 @@ export function executeWorkspaceGetInfo(
        label: s.label,
        os: s.os,
        username: s.username,
+        protocol: s.protocol,
+        shellType: s.shellType,
        connected: s.connected,
      })),
    },
--- a/infrastructure/ai/types.ts
+++ b/infrastructure/ai/types.ts
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ export interface ExternalAgentConfig {
  env?: Record<string, string>;
  icon?: string;
  enabled: boolean;
-  /** ACP command (e.g. 'codex-acp', 'claude-code-acp', 'gemini --experimental-acp') */
+  /** ACP command (e.g. 'codex-acp', 'claude-agent-acp', 'gemini --experimental-acp') */
  acpCommand?: string;
  acpArgs?: string[];
 }
--- a/lib/localShell.cjs
+++ b/lib/localShell.cjs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const POWERSHELL_SHELLS = new Set(["powershell", "powershell.exe", "pwsh", "pwsh.exe"]);
+const CMD_SHELLS = new Set(["cmd", "cmd.exe"]);
+const FISH_SHELLS = new Set(["fish"]);
+const POSIX_SHELLS = new Set(["sh", "bash", "zsh", "ksh", "dash", "ash"]);
+
+function getExecutableBaseName(filePath) {
+  const normalized = String(filePath || "").trim();
+  if (!normalized) return "";
+  const parts = normalized.split(/[\\/]/);
+  return (parts[parts.length - 1] || "").toLowerCase();
+}
+
+function detectLocalOs(platformLike) {
+  const platform = String(platformLike || "").toLowerCase();
+  if (platform.includes("mac")) return "macos";
+  if (platform.includes("win")) return "windows";
+  if (platform.includes("darwin")) return "macos";
+  return "linux";
+}
+
+function classifyLocalShellType(shellPath, platformLike) {
+  const shellName = getExecutableBaseName(shellPath);
+  if (POWERSHELL_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return "powershell";
+  if (CMD_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return "cmd";
+  if (FISH_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return "fish";
+  if (POSIX_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return "posix";
+  if (!shellName) {
+    return detectLocalOs(platformLike) === "windows" ? "powershell" : "posix";
+  }
+  return "unknown";
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  classifyLocalShellType,
+  detectLocalOs,
+};
--- a/lib/localShell.ts
+++ b/lib/localShell.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+export type LocalShellType = 'posix' | 'fish' | 'powershell' | 'cmd' | 'unknown';
+export type LocalOs = 'linux' | 'macos' | 'windows';
+
+const POWERSHELL_SHELLS = new Set(['powershell', 'powershell.exe', 'pwsh', 'pwsh.exe']);
+const CMD_SHELLS = new Set(['cmd', 'cmd.exe']);
+const FISH_SHELLS = new Set(['fish']);
+const POSIX_SHELLS = new Set(['sh', 'bash', 'zsh', 'ksh', 'dash', 'ash']);
+
+const getExecutableBaseName = (filePath: string | undefined): string => {
+  const normalized = String(filePath || '').trim();
+  if (!normalized) return '';
+  const parts = normalized.split(/[\\/]/);
+  return (parts[parts.length - 1] || '').toLowerCase();
+};
+
+export const detectLocalOs = (platformLike?: string): LocalOs => {
+  const platform = String(platformLike || '').toLowerCase();
+  if (platform.includes('mac') || platform.includes('darwin')) return 'macos';
+  if (platform.includes('win')) return 'windows';
+  return 'linux';
+};
+
+export const classifyLocalShellType = (
+  shellPath: string | undefined,
+  platformLike?: string,
+): LocalShellType => {
+  const shellName = getExecutableBaseName(shellPath);
+  if (POWERSHELL_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return 'powershell';
+  if (CMD_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return 'cmd';
+  if (FISH_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return 'fish';
+  if (POSIX_SHELLS.has(shellName)) return 'posix';
+  if (!shellName) {
+    return detectLocalOs(platformLike) === 'windows' ? 'powershell' : 'posix';
+  }
+  return 'unknown';
+};
--- a/lib/utils.ts
+++ b/lib/utils.ts
@@ -33,4 +33,4 @@ export function isMacPlatform(): boolean {
    return /Mac|iPod|iPhone|iPad/.test(navigator.platform);
  }
  return false;
-}
+}
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
        "@xterm/addon-web-links": "^0.11.0",
        "@xterm/addon-webgl": "^0.18.0",
        "@xterm/xterm": "^5.5.0",
+        "@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp": "0.22.2",
        "@zed-industries/codex-acp": "0.10.0",
        "ai": "^6.0.116",
        "clsx": "2.1.1",
@@ -194,6 +195,29 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk": {
+      "version": "0.2.76",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk/-/claude-agent-sdk-0.2.76.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HZxvnT8ZWkzCnQygaYCA0dl8RSUzuVbxE1YG4ecy6vh4nQbTT36CxUxBy+QVdR12pPQluncC0mCOLhI2918Eaw==",
+      "license": "SEE LICENSE IN README.md",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18.0.0"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-darwin-x64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-linux-arm": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-linux-arm64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-linux-x64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-arm64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-win32-arm64": "^0.34.2",
+        "@img/sharp-win32-x64": "^0.34.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "zod": "^4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@aws-crypto/crc32": {
      "version": "5.2.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@aws-crypto/crc32/-/crc32-5.2.0.tgz",
@@ -2657,6 +2681,310 @@
        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/nzakas"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-darwin-arm64/-/sharp-darwin-arm64-0.34.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-imtQ3WMJXbMY4fxb/Ndp6HBTNVtWCUI0WdobyheGf5+ad6xX8VIDO8u2xE4qc/fr08CKG/7dDseFtn6M6g/r3w==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-darwin-x64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-darwin-x64/-/sharp-darwin-x64-0.34.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YNEFAF/4KQ/PeW0N+r+aVVsoIY0/qxxikF2SWdp+NRkmMB7y9LBZAVqQ4yhGCm/H3H270OSykqmQMKLBhBJDEw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64-1.2.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zqjjo7RatFfFoP0MkQ51jfuFZBnVE2pRiaydKJ1G/rHZvnsrHAOcQALIi9sA5co5xenQdTugCvtb1cuf78Vf4g==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64/-/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64-1.2.4.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm/-/sharp-libvips-linux-arm-1.2.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bFI7xcKFELdiNCVov8e44Ia4u2byA+l3XtsAj+Q8tfCwO6BQ8iDojYdvoPMqsKDkuoOo+X6HZA0s0q11ANMQ8A==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64-1.2.4.tgz",
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+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
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+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-x64-1.2.4.tgz",
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+        "x64"
+      ],
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+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64-1.2.4.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": {
+      "version": "1.2.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64/-/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64-1.2.4.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-arm": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-arm/-/sharp-linux-arm-0.34.5.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-arm64/-/sharp-linux-arm64-0.34.5.tgz",
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+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-x64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-x64/-/sharp-linux-x64-0.34.5.tgz",
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+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
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+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linuxmusl-x64/-/sharp-linuxmusl-x64-0.34.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Jg8wNT1MUzIvhBFxViqrEhWDGzqymo3sV7z7ZsaWbZNDLXRJZoRGrjulp60YYtV4wfY8VIKcWidjojlLcWrd8Q==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": "1.2.4"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-win32-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-win32-arm64/-/sharp-win32-arm64-0.34.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-WQ3AgWCWYSb2yt+IG8mnC6Jdk9Whs7O0gxphblsLvdhSpSTtmu69ZG1Gkb6NuvxsNACwiPV6cNSZNzt0KPsw7g==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-win32-x64": {
+      "version": "0.34.5",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-win32-x64/-/sharp-win32-x64-0.34.5.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+29YMsqY2/9eFEiW93eqWnuLcWcufowXewwSNIT6UwZdUUCrM3oFjMWH/Z6/TMmb4hlFenmfAVbpWeup2jryCw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "license": "Apache-2.0 AND LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "win32"
+      ],
+      "engines": {
+        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@isaacs/balanced-match": {
      "version": "4.0.1",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@isaacs/balanced-match/-/balanced-match-4.0.1.tgz",
@@ -6347,6 +6675,29 @@
      "dev": true,
      "license": "BSD-2-Clause"
    },
+    "node_modules/@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp": {
+      "version": "0.22.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp/-/claude-agent-acp-0.22.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GLiKxy5MBNS9UoiE1XaM9EHVxlEcvk0sXSMCnyDp9JNAQliynt0axZrhptTl5AWe6PXGjVh5hMFdPp+yulw2uQ==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@agentclientprotocol/sdk": "0.16.1",
+        "@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk": "0.2.76",
+        "zod": "^3.25.0 || ^4.0.0"
+      },
+      "bin": {
+        "claude-agent-acp": "dist/index.js"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp/node_modules/@agentclientprotocol/sdk": {
+      "version": "0.16.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@agentclientprotocol/sdk/-/sdk-0.16.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1ad+Sc/0sCtZGHthxxvgEUo5Wsbw16I+aF+YwdiLnPwkZG8KAGUEAPK6LM6Pf69lCyJPt1Aomk1d+8oE3C4ZEw==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "zod": "^3.25.0 || ^4.0.0"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@zed-industries/codex-acp": {
      "version": "0.10.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@zed-industries/codex-acp/-/codex-acp-0.10.0.tgz",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
    "@xterm/addon-web-links": "^0.11.0",
    "@xterm/addon-webgl": "^0.18.0",
    "@xterm/xterm": "^5.5.0",
+    "@zed-industries/claude-agent-acp": "0.22.2",
    "@zed-industries/codex-acp": "0.10.0",
    "ai": "^6.0.116",
    "clsx": "2.1.1",
--- a/screenshots/ai-feature.png
+++ b/screenshots/ai-feature.png
--- a/screenshots/gifs/ai-feature-muti-hosts.mp4
+++ b/screenshots/gifs/ai-feature-muti-hosts.mp4
--- a/screenshots/gifs/ai-feature.mp4
+++ b/screenshots/gifs/ai-feature.mp4
--- a/scripts/ensure-node-pty-linux.sh
+++ b/scripts/ensure-node-pty-linux.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  echo "Usage: $0 <prepare|verify> <x64|arm64>" >&2
+  exit 1
+}
+
+checksum() {
+  if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    sha256sum "$@"
+  else
+    shasum -a 256 "$@"
+  fi
+}
+
+electron_bin() {
+  echo "./node_modules/.bin/electron"
+}
+
+log_file_info() {
+  local file="$1"
+  echo "[node-pty] file: ${file}"
+  ls -lh "${file}"
+  checksum "${file}"
+}
+
+log_optional_spawn_helper() {
+  local file="$1"
+
+  if [[ -f "${file}" ]]; then
+    test -x "${file}"
+    log_file_info "${file}"
+  else
+    echo "[node-pty] spawn-helper not present at ${file} (expected on Linux)"
+  fi
+}
+
+log_electron_runtime_info() {
+  ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1 "$(electron_bin)" -e '
+    console.log(`[node-pty] electron=${process.versions.electron || "unknown"} node=${process.versions.node} modules=${process.versions.modules}`);
+  '
+}
+
+assert_loadable_native_module() {
+  local file="$1"
+  echo "[node-pty] loading native module with Electron runtime: ${file}"
+  ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE=1 "$(electron_bin)" -e '
+    const path = require("node:path");
+    require(path.resolve(process.argv[1]));
+    console.log("[node-pty] native module loaded successfully");
+  ' "${file}"
+}
+
+prepare() {
+  local arch="$1"
+  local root="node_modules/node-pty"
+  local release_dir="${root}/build/Release"
+  local prebuild_dir="${root}/prebuilds/linux-${arch}"
+
+  echo "[node-pty] rebuilding native modules for Electron on linux-${arch}"
+  log_electron_runtime_info
+  npx electron-rebuild
+
+  test -f "${release_dir}/pty.node"
+
+  echo "[node-pty] built Linux runtime artifacts:"
+  log_file_info "${release_dir}/pty.node"
+  log_optional_spawn_helper "${release_dir}/spawn-helper"
+  assert_loadable_native_module "${release_dir}/pty.node"
+
+  mkdir -p "${prebuild_dir}"
+  cp "${release_dir}/pty.node" "${prebuild_dir}/pty.node"
+  if [[ -f "${release_dir}/spawn-helper" ]]; then
+    cp "${release_dir}/spawn-helper" "${prebuild_dir}/spawn-helper"
+  fi
+
+  echo "[node-pty] mirrored Linux runtime artifacts into ${prebuild_dir}:"
+  log_file_info "${prebuild_dir}/pty.node"
+  log_optional_spawn_helper "${prebuild_dir}/spawn-helper"
+}
+
+verify() {
+  local arch="$1"
+  local release_dir
+  local prebuild_dir
+
+  log_electron_runtime_info
+
+  release_dir="$(find release -type d -path "*/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/build/Release" -print -quit)"
+  prebuild_dir="$(find release -type d -path "*/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/prebuilds/linux-${arch}" -print -quit)"
+
+  if [[ -z "${release_dir}" ]]; then
+    echo "[node-pty] packaged build/Release directory not found under release/" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if [[ -z "${prebuild_dir}" ]]; then
+    echo "[node-pty] packaged prebuild directory not found for linux-${arch} under release/" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  test -f "${release_dir}/pty.node"
+  test -f "${prebuild_dir}/pty.node"
+
+  echo "[node-pty] packaged build/Release artifacts:"
+  log_file_info "${release_dir}/pty.node"
+  log_optional_spawn_helper "${release_dir}/spawn-helper"
+  assert_loadable_native_module "${release_dir}/pty.node"
+
+  echo "[node-pty] packaged prebuild artifacts:"
+  log_file_info "${prebuild_dir}/pty.node"
+  log_optional_spawn_helper "${prebuild_dir}/spawn-helper"
+  assert_loadable_native_module "${prebuild_dir}/pty.node"
+
+  echo "[node-pty] packaged artifact locations:"
+  find release -path "*/resources/app.asar.unpacked/node_modules/node-pty/*" \
+    \( -name 'pty.node' -o -name 'spawn-helper' \) \
+    -print | sort
+}
+
+main() {
+  if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
+    usage
+  fi
+
+  case "$1" in
+    prepare)
+      prepare "$2"
+      ;;
+    verify)
+      verify "$2"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      usage
+      ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+main "$@"