release: v1.15

修复: 备份异常 EPERM (Operation not permitted) 导致整个备份中断
- BackupOperation: 检查 mkdirs 返回值，writeText 异常时优雅降级而非抛出
- BackupScreen: 增加异常完整堆栈记录和智能提示（EPERM/EACCES）

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+---
+name: Bug 报告
+about: 报告一个 Bug 帮助我们改进
+title: '[Bug] '
+labels: bug
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+**问题描述**
+清晰简洁地描述这个 Bug。
+
+**复现步骤**
+1. 打开应用...
+2. 点击...
+3. 看到错误...
+
+**预期行为**
+您期望发生什么。
+
+**实际行为**
+实际发生了什么。
+
+**截图/日志**
+如有错误截图或 logcat 输出，请附在此处。
+
+**环境信息**
+- 应用版本: [如 v1.14]
+- 设备型号: [如 Pixel 6]
+- Android 版本: [如 Android 14]
+- Root 方案: [Magisk / KernelSU / APatch / 无]
+
+**其他信息**
+任何可能有助于诊断问题的其他信息。

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+name: Bug 报告
+description: 报告一个 Bug 帮助我们改进
+title: "[Bug] "
+labels: [bug]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        感谢您花时间报告这个问题！请尽可能详细地填写以下信息。
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: 问题描述
+      description: 清晰简洁地描述这个 Bug 是什么
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: steps
+    attributes:
+      label: 复现步骤
+      description: 复现该问题的具体步骤
+      placeholder: |
+        1. 打开应用...
+        2. 点击...
+        3. 看到错误...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected
+    attributes:
+      label: 预期行为
+      description: 您期望发生什么
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual
+    attributes:
+      label: 实际行为
+      description: 实际发生了什么
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: screenshot
+    attributes:
+      label: 截图/日志
+      description: 如有错误截图或 logcat 输出，请附在这里
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: input
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: 应用版本
+      description: 您正在使用的版本号（可在设置中查看）
+      placeholder: "v1.14"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: device
+    attributes:
+      label: 设备型号
+      placeholder: "Pixel 6 / Xiaomi 14"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: android
+    attributes:
+      label: Android 版本
+      placeholder: "Android 14"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: root
+    attributes:
+      label: Root 方案
+      options:
+        - Magisk
+        - KernelSU
+        - APatch
+        - 其他
+        - 无 Root
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional
+    attributes:
+      label: 其他信息
+      description: 任何可能有助于诊断问题的其他信息
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false
+contact_links:
+  - name: 讨论区
+    url: https://github.com/sakuradairong/android-backup-gui/discussions
+    about: 如需提问或讨论功能，请使用 Discussion

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+name: 功能请求
+about: 为这个项目提一个新功能建议
+title: '[Feature] '
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+**使用场景**
+这个功能解决了什么问题？在什么场景下需要？
+
+**期望方案**
+您期望的行为或交互方式是什么样的。
+
+**替代方案**
+您考虑过其他替代方案吗？
+
+**附加信息**
+如有截图、参考实现或其他上下文，请附在此处。

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: 功能请求
+description: 为这个项目提一个新功能建议
+title: "[Feature] "
+labels: [enhancement]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        感谢您花时间提出改进建议！请描述您想要的功能。
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: 使用场景
+      description: 这个功能解决了什么问题？在什么场景下需要？
+      placeholder: "当我使用...功能时，发现...不够方便"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: solution
+    attributes:
+      label: 期望方案
+      description: 您期望的行为或交互方式是什么样的
+      placeholder: "希望在某某页面添加一个...按钮，点击后..."
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: alternatives
+    attributes:
+      label: 替代方案
+      description: 您考虑过其他替代方案吗？
+    validations:
+      required: false
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: 附加信息
+      description: 如有截图、参考实现或其他上下文，请附在这里
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+## 变更摘要
+
+<!-- 简要描述此 PR 的变更内容 -->
+
+## 关联 Issue
+
+<!-- 如果有，请关联相关的 Issue（如 Fixes #123）-->
+
+## 变更类型
+
+- [ ] Bug 修复
+- [ ] 新功能
+- [ ] 重构/代码优化
+- [ ] 文档更新
+- [ ] 测试
+- [ ] 其他
+
+## 测试清单
+
+- [ ] `./gradlew lint` 通过
+- [ ] `./gradlew test` 通过
+- [ ] 已在真机/模拟器上测试
+
+## 截图（如有 UI 变更）
+
+<!-- UI 变更请附上前后对比截图 -->
+
+## 其他说明
+
+<!-- 任何需要 reviewer 了解的额外信息 -->

.omp/lsp.json

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "servers": {
+    "kotlin-lsp": {
+      "command": "kotlin-language-server",
+      "args": [],
+      "fileTypes": [".kt", ".kts"],
+      "rootMarkers": ["build.gradle", "settings.gradle"],
+      "warmupTimeoutMs": 60000
+    }
+  },
+  "idleTimeoutMs": 600000
+}

AGENTS.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!-- gitnexus:start -->
 # GitNexus — Code Intelligence
 
-This project is indexed by GitNexus as **android-backup-gui** (1614 symbols, 4022 relationships, 139 execution flows). Use the GitNexus MCP tools to understand code, assess impact, and navigate safely.
+This project is indexed by GitNexus as **android-backup-gui** (1684 symbols, 4068 relationships, 146 execution flows). Use the GitNexus MCP tools to understand code, assess impact, and navigate safely.
 
 > If any GitNexus tool warns the index is stale, run `npx gitnexus analyze` in terminal first.
 

CLAUDE.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <!-- gitnexus:start -->
 # GitNexus — Code Intelligence
 
-This project is indexed by GitNexus as **android-backup-gui** (1614 symbols, 4022 relationships, 139 execution flows). Use the GitNexus MCP tools to understand code, assess impact, and navigate safely.
+This project is indexed by GitNexus as **android-backup-gui** (1684 symbols, 4068 relationships, 146 execution flows). Use the GitNexus MCP tools to understand code, assess impact, and navigate safely.
 
 > If any GitNexus tool warns the index is stale, run `npx gitnexus analyze` in terminal first.
 

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# 贡献者公约行为准则
+
+## 我们的承诺
+
+为了营造一个开放、友好的环境，我们作为贡献者和维护者承诺：无论年龄、体型、残疾、种族、性别认同与表达、经验水平、国籍、个人外貌、种族、宗教或性取向如何，参与我们的项目和社区的每个人都不会受到骚扰。
+
+## 我们的标准
+
+有助于营造积极环境的行为包括：
+
+- 使用友好和包容的语言
+- 尊重不同的观点和经验
+- 优雅地接受建设性批评
+- 关注对社区最有利的事情
+- 对其他社区成员表示同理心
+
+不可接受的行为包括：
+
+- 使用带有性暗示的语言或图像，以及不受欢迎的性关注或挑逗
+- 挑衅、侮辱/贬损性评论，以及人身或政治攻击
+- 公开或私下骚扰
+- 未经明确许可发布他人的私人信息（如地址或电子邮件）
+- 在专业环境中可能被合理认为不合适的其他行为
+
+## 我们的责任
+
+项目维护者有责任明确可接受行为的标准，并应对任何不可接受行为采取适当和公平的纠正措施。
+
+## 适用范围
+
+本行为准则适用于项目空间和公共空间，当个人代表项目或其社区时同样适用。
+
+## 执行
+
+如有滥用、骚扰或其他不可接受行为，请联系项目团队。所有投诉将得到审查和调查，并将给出必要且适当的回应。
+
+## 归属
+
+本行为准则改编自 [Contributor Covenant](https://www.contributor-covenant.org) 2.1 版，可在 https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/1/code_of_conduct.html 查看。

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# 贡献指南
+
+感谢您对 **Android Backup GUI** 的关注！欢迎通过 Issue 和 Pull Request 参与贡献。
+
+## 目录
+
+- [开发环境](#开发环境)
+- [构建项目](#构建项目)
+- [提交 Issue](#提交-issue)
+- [提交 Pull Request](#提交-pull-request)
+- [代码风格](#代码风格)
+
+## 开发环境
+
+- **JDK**: 17+
+- **Android SDK**: API 34（targetSdk 34, minSdk 24）
+- **IDE**: Android Studio Hedgehog+ 或 IntelliJ IDEA
+- **Gradle**: 8.2（通过 Gradle Wrapper 自动使用）
+
+### 首次构建
+
+```bash
+# 克隆仓库
+git clone https://github.com/sakuradairong/android-backup-gui.git
+cd android-backup-gui
+
+# 确认 Android SDK 路径（创建 local.properties 如果不存在）
+echo "sdk.dir=/path/to/Android/Sdk" > local.properties
+
+# 构建 debug APK
+./gradlew assembleDebug
+```
+
+## 构建项目
+
+```bash
+# 运行 lint 检查
+./gradlew lint
+
+# 运行单元测试
+./gradlew test
+
+# 构建 release APK（需配置签名）
+./gradlew assembleRelease
+```
+
+> **注意**: Release 构建需要 `app/release.keystore` 文件，以及 `KEYSTORE_PASSWORD` 和 `KEY_PASSWORD` 环境变量。开发调试请使用 `assembleDebug`。
+
+## 提交 Issue
+
+### Bug 报告
+
+请确保包含以下信息：
+
+1. **设备信息**: Android 版本、设备型号、是否 root
+2. **环境**: restic 版本（如有）、root 方案（Magisk / KernelSU / APatch）
+3. **复现步骤**: 详细的操作步骤
+4. **预期行为**: 您期望发生什么
+5. **实际行为**: 实际发生了什么
+6. **日志**: 相关的 logcat 输出或错误截图
+
+### 功能请求
+
+请说明：
+
+1. **使用场景**: 这个功能解决什么问题
+2. **期望方案**: 期望的行为或交互方式
+3. **替代方案**: 您考虑过的其他方案
+
+## 提交 Pull Request
+
+1. **Fork** 本仓库
+2. 创建功能分支: `git checkout -b feature/your-feature`
+3. **确保代码通过 lint 和测试**:
+   ```bash
+   ./gradlew lint test
+   ```
+4. 提交变更:
+   ```bash
+   git commit -m "feat: 简洁描述变更内容"
+   ```
+5. 推送到您的 Fork: `git push origin feature/your-feature`
+6. 创建 Pull Request 到 `main` 分支
+
+### PR 要求
+
+- 每个 PR 专注于一个功能或修复
+- 提交信息遵循 [Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/) 规范
+- 新增功能应包含对应的单元测试
+- UI 变更请在 PR 描述中附上截图
+- 确保 `./gradlew lint test` 通过
+
+## 代码风格
+
+- 使用 Kotlin 官方代码风格（Kotlin Coding Conventions）
+- 使用 `ktlint` 检查代码格式（`./gradlew lint` 包含）
+- compose 相关代码遵循 Jetpack Compose 编码规范
+- 命名使用直观的英文（不推荐拼音）
+- 对复杂逻辑编写简明注释
+
+## 许可
+
+贡献即表示您同意您的贡献将在 [GPL-3.0](LICENSE) 许可下发布。

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
+certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
+you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
+or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
+know their rights.
+
+  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+
+  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
+authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
+changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
+authors of previous versions.
+
+  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
+modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
+can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
+protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
+pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
+use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
+have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
+products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
+stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
+of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
+
+  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
+States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
+software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
+avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
+make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
+patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+  0. Definitions.
+
+  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
+works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
+"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
+
+  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
+exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
+earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
+
+  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+
+  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
+infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
+computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
+distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
+  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
+parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
+a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
+
+  An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
+to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
+feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
+work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License.  If
+the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
+menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+
+  1. Source Code.
+
+  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
+for making modifications to it.  "Object code" means any non-source
+form of a work.
+
+  A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
+standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
+interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
+is widely used among developers working in that language.
+
+  The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
+than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
+packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
+Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
+Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
+implementation is available to the public in source code form.  A
+"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
+(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
+(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
+produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
+
+  The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
+the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
+work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
+control those activities.  However, it does not include the work's
+System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
+programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
+which are not part of the work.  For example, Corresponding Source
+includes interface definition files associated with source files for
+the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
+linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
+such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
+subprograms and other parts of the work.
+
+  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
+can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
+Source.
+
+  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
+same work.
+
+  2. Basic Permissions.
+
+  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
+copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
+conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
+permission to run the unmodified Program.  The output from running a
+covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
+content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
+rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+
+  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
+convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
+in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
+of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
+with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
+the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
+not control copyright.  Those thus making or running the covered works
+for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
+and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
+your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
+
+  Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
+the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
+makes it unnecessary.
+
+  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+
+  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
+measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
+11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
+similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
+measures.
+
+  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
+is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
+the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
+modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
+users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
+technological measures.
+
+  4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+
+  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
+receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
+appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
+keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
+non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
+keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
+recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+
+  You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
+and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+
+  5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+
+  You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
+produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
+terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
+    it, and giving a relevant date.
+
+    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
+    released under this License and any conditions added under section
+    7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
+    "keep intact all notices".
+
+    c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
+    License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
+    License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
+    additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
+    regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
+    permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
+    invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
+
+    d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
+    Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
+    interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
+    work need not make them do so.
+
+  A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
+works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
+and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
+in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
+"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
+used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
+beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
+in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
+parts of the aggregate.
+
+  6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+
+  You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
+of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
+machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
+in one of these ways:
+
+    a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
+    Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
+    customarily used for software interchange.
+
+    b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+    (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
+    written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
+    long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
+    model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
+    copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
+    product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
+    medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
+    more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
+    conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
+    Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
+
+    c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
+    written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
+    alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
+    only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
+    with subsection 6b.
+
+    d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
+    place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
+    Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
+    further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
+    Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
+    copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
+    may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
+    that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
+    clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
+    Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
+    Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
+    available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
+
+    e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
+    you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
+    Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
+    charge under subsection 6d.
+
+  A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
+from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
+included in conveying the object code work.
+
+  A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
+tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
+or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
+into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
+doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
+product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
+typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
+of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
+actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
+is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
+commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
+the only significant mode of use of the product.
+
+  "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
+procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
+and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
+a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
+suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
+code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
+modification has been made.
+
+  If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
+specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
+part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
+User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
+fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
+Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
+by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
+if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
+modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
+been installed in ROM).
+
+  The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
+requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
+for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
+the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
+network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
+adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
+protocols for communication across the network.
+
+  Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
+in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
+documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
+source code form), and must require no special password or key for
+unpacking, reading or copying.
+
+  7. Additional Terms.
+
+  "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
+License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
+Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
+be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
+that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
+apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
+under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
+this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+
+  When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
+remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
+it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
+removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
+additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
+for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
+add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
+that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+
+    a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
+    terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+
+    b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
+    author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
+    Notices displayed by works containing it; or
+
+    c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
+    requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+    reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+
+    d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
+    authors of the material; or
+
+    e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
+    trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+
+    f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
+    material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
+    it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
+    any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
+    those licensors and authors.
+
+  All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
+restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
+received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+governed by this License along with a term that is a further
+restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
+License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
+of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
+not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+
+  If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
+must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
+additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
+where to find the applicable terms.
+
+  Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
+form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
+the above requirements apply either way.
+
+  8. Termination.
+
+  You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
+provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
+modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
+paragraph of section 11).
+
+  However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
+license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
+provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
+finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
+holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
+prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+
+  Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+
+  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+material under section 10.
+
+  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
+run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
+to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
+nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
+modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
+not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+
+  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
+for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+
+  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
+work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
+transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
+licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
+give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
+Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
+the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+
+  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
+rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+  11. Patents.
+
+  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
+owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
+by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
+purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
+this License.
+
+  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+
+  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
+patent against the party.
+
+  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
+work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
+to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
+parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# 安全策略
+
+## 支持的版本
+
+| 版本   | 支持状态          |
+|--------|-------------------|
+| v1.14  | ✅ 积极支持       |
+| v1.13  | ✅ 积极支持       |
+| < v1.13| ❌ 不再支持       |
+
+## 报告安全漏洞
+
+如果您发现安全漏洞，**请不要在 GitHub Issues 中公开披露**。请通过以下方式私下报告：
+
+1. 在仓库中创建一个 [Security Advisory](https://github.com/sakuradairong/android-backup-gui/security/advisories/new)
+2. 或发送邮件至（待设置，目前请使用 Security Advisory）
+
+我们会尽快确认并回应，通常在 **48 小时内**。
+
+### 安全注意事项
+
+- 本应用需要 root 权限运行，请确保从可信来源下载 APK
+- 备份数据使用 restic 加密存储，请妥善保管仓库密码
+- 如发现敏感信息泄露，请立即通过 Security Advisory 联系我们

app/build.gradle

@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ android {
         applicationId "com.example.androidbackupgui"
         minSdk 24
         targetSdk 34
-        versionCode 14
-        versionName "1.14"
+        versionCode 15
+        versionName "1.15"
     }
     buildFeatures {
         compose = true

app/src/main/java/com/example/androidbackupgui/backup/BackupOperation.kt

@@ -72,16 +72,29 @@ object BackupOperation {
 
         // Create backup structure
         val backupRoot = File(outputDir, "Backup_${config.compressionMethod}_$userId")
-        backupRoot.mkdirs()
+        if (!backupRoot.mkdirs() && !backupRoot.isDirectory) {
+            LogUtil.e(TAG, "backupApps: cannot create output dir ${backupRoot.absolutePath}")
+            return@withContext BackupResult(0, 0, 0, outputDir.absolutePath, 0)
+        }
         LogUtil.i(TAG, "backupApps: starting backup of ${apps.size} apps to ${backupRoot.absolutePath}")
 
         // Write app list — includes ALL packages in [apps] (selected + legacy from snapshot)
         val appListFile = File(backupRoot, "appList.txt")
-        appListFile.writeText(apps.joinToString("\n") { it.packageName.value })
+        try {
+            appListFile.writeText(apps.joinToString("\n") { it.packageName.value })
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            LogUtil.e(TAG, "backupApps: failed to write appList.txt — ${e.message}")
+            return@withContext BackupResult(0, 0, 0, outputDir.absolutePath, 0)
+        }
 
         // Write metadata JSON — fresh metadata for selected apps, legacy for historical apps
         val metaFile = File(backupRoot, "app_details.json")
-        metaFile.writeText(buildAppDetailsJson(apps, legacyApps))
+        try {
+            metaFile.writeText(buildAppDetailsJson(apps, legacyApps))
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            LogUtil.e(TAG, "backupApps: failed to write app_details.json — ${e.message}")
+            return@withContext BackupResult(0, 0, 0, outputDir.absolutePath, 0)
+        }
 
         val backupTargets = if (includePkgs.isEmpty()) apps else apps.filter { it.packageName.value in includePkgs }
         val totalCount = backupTargets.size
@@ -341,15 +354,23 @@ object BackupOperation {
             ?.substringBefore("\"")
             ?.takeIf { it.isNotBlank() }
         if (value != null) {
-            File(appDir, "ssaid.txt").writeText(value)
-            Log.d(TAG, "backupSsaid: backed up SSAID for $packageName = $value")
+            try {
+                File(appDir, "ssaid.txt").writeText(value)
+                Log.d(TAG, "backupSsaid: backed up SSAID for $packageName = $value")
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "backupSsaid: failed to write ssaid.txt for $packageName", e)
+            }
         }
     }
 
     private suspend fun backupPermissions(packageName: String, appDir: File) {
         val result = RootShell.exec("dumpsys package '${packageName.shellEscape()}' | grep -E 'granted=(true|false)'")
         if (result.output.isNotBlank()) {
-            File(appDir, "permissions.txt").writeText(result.output)
+            try {
+                File(appDir, "permissions.txt").writeText(result.output)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "backupPermissions: failed to write permissions.txt for $packageName", e)
+            }
         }
     }
 

app/src/main/java/com/example/androidbackupgui/ui/BackupScreen.kt

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.example.androidbackupgui.ui
 import android.content.Intent
 import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.*
 import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.LazyColumn
+import android.util.Log
 import androidx.compose.foundation.lazy.items
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.Icons
 import androidx.compose.material.icons.filled.SortByAlpha
@@ -269,8 +270,18 @@ fun BackupScreen() {
                                     }
                                 }
                             } catch (e: Exception) {
-                                statusText = "备份异常: ${e.message}"
-                            } finally {
+                                val errMsg = e.message ?: "未知错误"
+                                Log.e("BackupScreen", "备份异常", e)
+                                val hint = when {
+                                    errMsg.contains("EPERM", ignoreCase = true) || errMsg.contains("Operation not permitted", ignoreCase = true) ->
+                                        "写入备份目录被拒绝，请检查输出路径权限或改用内置存储"
+                                    errMsg.contains("EACCES", ignoreCase = true) || errMsg.contains("Permission denied", ignoreCase = true) ->
+                                        "权限不足，请检查存储权限"
+                                    else -> null
+                                }
+                                statusText = if (hint != null) "备份异常: ${e.message} ($hint)" else "备份异常: ${e.message}"
+                            }
+                            finally {
                                 isRunning = false
                                 try {
                                     val stopIntent = Intent(context, BackupService::class.java).apply {

app/src/main/res/xml/data_extraction_rules.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<data-extraction-rules>
+    <cloud-backup>
+        <include domain="file" path="."/>
+    </cloud-backup>
+    <device-transfer>
+        <include domain="file" path="."/>
+    </device-transfer>
+</data-extraction-rules>

app/src/test/java/android/util/Log.java

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package android.util;
+
+/**
+ * Test-only stub for android.util.Log.
+ * Prevents RuntimeException("Stub!") from android.jar during JVM unit tests.
+ */
+public final class Log {
+    public static int v(String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+    public static int v(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return 0; }
+    public static int d(String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+    public static int d(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return 0; }
+    public static int i(String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+    public static int i(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return 0; }
+    public static int w(String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+    public static int w(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return 0; }
+    public static int e(String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+    public static int e(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return 0; }
+    public static int wtf(String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+    public static int wtf(String tag, String msg, Throwable tr) { return 0; }
+    public static String getStackTraceString(Throwable tr) { return ""; }
+    public static boolean isLoggable(String tag, int level) { return false; }
+    public static int println(int priority, String tag, String msg) { return 0; }
+}

app/src/test/java/com/example/androidbackupgui/backup/AppErrorTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+package com.example.androidbackupgui.backup
+
+import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.nulls.shouldBeNull
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.types.shouldBeInstanceOf
+import io.kotest.property.Arb
+import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.int
+import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.string
+import io.kotest.property.checkAll
+import java.io.IOException
+
+class AppErrorTest : FunSpec({
+
+    context("AppError.Network") {
+        test("has correct defaults") {
+            val error = AppError.Network("connection timeout")
+            error.message shouldBe "connection timeout"
+            error.cause.shouldBeNull()
+            error.retryable shouldBe true
+        }
+
+        test("preserves cause and retryable overrides") {
+            val cause = RuntimeException("DNS failed")
+            val error = AppError.Network("DNS resolution failed", cause = cause, retryable = false)
+            error.cause shouldBe cause
+            error.retryable shouldBe false
+        }
+
+        test("property: message is preserved") {
+            checkAll(Arb.string(1..200)) { msg ->
+                val error = AppError.Network(msg)
+                error.message shouldBe msg
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppError.Remote") {
+        test("preserves phase, cause, isNotFound, retryable") {
+            val cause = RuntimeException("underlying error")
+            val error = AppError.Remote("upload failed", "upload", cause = cause)
+            error.message shouldBe "upload failed"
+            error.phase shouldBe "upload"
+            error.cause shouldBe cause
+            error.isNotFound shouldBe false
+            error.retryable shouldBe false
+        }
+
+        test("with isNotFound=true") {
+            val error = AppError.Remote("not found", "list", isNotFound = true)
+            error.isNotFound shouldBe true
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppError.Shell") {
+        test("preserves command, exitCode, and stderr") {
+            val error = AppError.Shell("cp failed", "cp /a /b", 1, "permission denied")
+            error.message shouldBe "cp failed"
+            error.command shouldBe "cp /a /b"
+            error.exitCode shouldBe 1
+            error.stderr shouldBe "permission denied"
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppError.LocalIO") {
+        test("preserves path and optional cause") {
+            val error = AppError.LocalIO("file not found", "/data/test.txt")
+            error.message shouldBe "file not found"
+            error.path shouldBe "/data/test.txt"
+            error.cause.shouldBeNull()
+        }
+
+        test("preserves cause when provided") {
+            val cause = IOException("disk full")
+            val error = AppError.LocalIO("write failed", "/data/test.txt", cause = cause)
+            error.cause shouldBe cause
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppError.Restic") {
+        test("preserves exit code and stderr") {
+            val error = AppError.Restic("restic failed", 1, "permission denied")
+            error.message shouldBe "restic failed"
+            error.exitCode shouldBe 1
+            error.stderr shouldBe "permission denied"
+        }
+
+        test("property: any exit code is preserved") {
+            checkAll(Arb.int()) { code ->
+                val error = AppError.Restic("err", code, "stderr output")
+                error.exitCode shouldBe code
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppError.Parse") {
+        test("preserves message and detail") {
+            val error = AppError.Parse("bad json", "expected '{'")
+            error.message shouldBe "bad json"
+            error.detail shouldBe "expected '{'"
+        }
+
+        test("detail defaults to empty string") {
+            val error = AppError.Parse("bad json")
+            error.detail shouldBe ""
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppError.Cancelled") {
+        test("is a data object with fixed message") {
+            val error = AppError.Cancelled
+            error.message shouldBe "操作被取消"
+            // Verify singleton behavior
+            val error2 = AppError.Cancelled
+            error shouldBe error2
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppResult.Success") {
+        test("holds a value") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = AppResult.Success("hello")
+            result.isSuccess shouldBe true
+            result.isFailure shouldBe false
+            result.getOrNull() shouldBe "hello"
+            result.getOrDefault("fallback") shouldBe "hello"
+            result.getOrThrow() shouldBe "hello"
+            result.exceptionOrNull().shouldBeNull()
+            result.errorOrNull().shouldBeNull()
+        }
+
+        test("fold calls onSuccess") {
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Success(42)
+            val folded =
+                result.fold(
+                    onSuccess = { it * 2 },
+                    onFailure = { 0 },
+                )
+            folded shouldBe 84
+        }
+
+        test("map transforms value") {
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Success(42)
+            val mapped = result.map { it.toString() }
+            mapped shouldBe AppResult.Success("42")
+        }
+
+        test("mapError passes through success") {
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Success(42)
+            val mapped = result.mapError { AppError.Parse("should not happen") }
+            mapped shouldBe AppResult.Success(42)
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppResult.Failure via err()") {
+        test("creates failure result") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = err(AppError.Parse("bad json"))
+            result.isSuccess shouldBe false
+            result.isFailure shouldBe true
+            result.getOrNull().shouldBeNull()
+            result.getOrDefault("fallback") shouldBe "fallback"
+            result.errorOrNull() shouldBe AppError.Parse("bad json")
+            result.errorOrNull()?.message shouldBe "bad json"
+        }
+
+        test("exceptionOrNull returns RuntimeException with AppError message") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = err(AppError.Parse("bad json"))
+            val ex = result.exceptionOrNull()
+            ex.shouldBeInstanceOf<RuntimeException>()
+            ex?.message shouldBe "bad json"
+        }
+
+        test("getOrThrow throws RuntimeException") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = err(AppError.Parse("bad json"))
+            val ex = shouldThrow<RuntimeException> { result.getOrThrow() }
+            ex.message shouldBe "bad json"
+        }
+
+        test("wraps any AppError subtype") {
+            val errors =
+                listOf(
+                    AppError.Network("net err"),
+                    AppError.Remote("remote err", "connect"),
+                    AppError.Shell("shell err", "ls", 1, ""),
+                    AppError.LocalIO("io err", "/tmp"),
+                    AppError.Restic("restic err", 1, ""),
+                    AppError.Parse("parse err"),
+                    AppError.Cancelled,
+                )
+            errors.forEach { error ->
+                val result: AppResult<Unit> = err(error)
+                result.isFailure shouldBe true
+                result.errorOrNull()?.message shouldBe error.message
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppResult.Failure direct") {
+        test("holds an error") {
+            val error = AppError.Network("network error")
+            val result: AppResult<String> = AppResult.Failure(error)
+            result.isSuccess shouldBe false
+            result.isFailure shouldBe true
+            result.errorOrNull() shouldBe error
+        }
+
+        test("fold calls onFailure") {
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Failure(AppError.Parse("parse failed"))
+            val folded =
+                result.fold(
+                    onSuccess = { 0 },
+                    onFailure = { error -> error.message.length },
+                )
+            folded shouldBe "parse failed".length
+        }
+
+        test("map passes through failure") {
+            val error = AppError.Parse("no data")
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Failure(error)
+            val mapped = result.map { it + 1 }
+            mapped shouldBe AppResult.Failure(error)
+        }
+
+        test("mapError transforms error") {
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Failure(AppError.Parse("old error"))
+            val mapped = result.mapError { AppError.Remote("mapped: ${it.message}", "transform") }
+            mapped.errorOrNull()?.message shouldBe "mapped: old error"
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppResult exhaustive when") {
+        test("can pattern match with is AppResult.Success") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = AppResult.Success("data")
+            val output =
+                when (result) {
+                    is AppResult.Success -> "got: ${result.data}"
+                    is AppResult.Failure -> "err: ${result.error.message}"
+                }
+            output shouldBe "got: data"
+        }
+
+        test("can pattern match with is AppResult.Failure") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = AppResult.Failure(AppError.Cancelled)
+            val output =
+                when (result) {
+                    is AppResult.Success -> "got: ${result.data}"
+                    is AppResult.Failure -> "err: ${result.error.message}"
+                }
+            output shouldBe "err: 操作被取消"
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("AppResult type inference") {
+        test("AppResult.Success with Unit") {
+            val result: AppResult<Unit> = AppResult.Success(Unit)
+            result.isSuccess shouldBe true
+            result.getOrDefault(Unit) shouldBe Unit
+        }
+
+        test("AppResult.Failure with Nothing") {
+            val result: AppResult<Int> = AppResult.Failure(AppError.Cancelled)
+            result.isFailure shouldBe true
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("err function short-form") {
+        test("err() returns AppResult.Failure") {
+            val result: AppResult<String> = err(AppError.Remote("upload failed", "upload"))
+            result.shouldBeInstanceOf<AppResult.Failure>()
+            (result as AppResult.Failure).error shouldBe AppError.Remote("upload failed", "upload")
+        }
+    }
+})

app/src/test/java/com/example/androidbackupgui/backup/ResticBinaryTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package com.example.androidbackupgui.backup
+
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+
+class ResticBinaryTest : FunSpec({
+
+    context("ResticBinary") {
+        test("isReady returns false before prepare is called") {
+            ResticBinary.isReady() shouldBe false
+        }
+    }
+})

app/src/test/java/com/example/androidbackupgui/backup/ResticCommandRunnerTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package com.example.androidbackupgui.backup
+
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldHaveSize
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.property.Arb
+import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.int
+import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.list
+import io.kotest.property.arbitrary.string
+import io.kotest.property.checkAll
+import kotlinx.serialization.decodeFromString
+import kotlinx.serialization.encodeToString
+import kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
+
+class ResticCommandRunnerTest : FunSpec({
+
+    val defaultRunner = ResticCommandRunner()
+
+    context("buildCommandArgs") {
+        test("prepends default binary path") {
+            val args = defaultRunner.buildCommandArgs(listOf("init", "--json"))
+            args shouldBe listOf("restic", "init", "--json")
+        }
+
+        test("uses custom binary path") {
+            val runner = ResticCommandRunner()
+            runner.binaryPath = "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/restic"
+            val args = runner.buildCommandArgs(listOf("backup", "/sdcard"))
+            args shouldBe
+                listOf(
+                    "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/restic",
+                    "backup",
+                    "/sdcard",
+                )
+        }
+
+        test("returns empty args list when called with empty list") {
+            val args = defaultRunner.buildCommandArgs(emptyList())
+            args shouldBe listOf("restic")
+        }
+
+        test("preserves argument order") {
+            val runner = ResticCommandRunner()
+            runner.binaryPath = "restic"
+            val args = runner.buildCommandArgs(listOf("a", "b", "c"))
+            args shouldBe listOf("restic", "a", "b", "c")
+        }
+
+        test("property: any list of string args mainatains length") {
+            checkAll(Arb.list(Arb.string(1..20), 0..10)) { inputArgs ->
+                val args = defaultRunner.buildCommandArgs(inputArgs)
+                args shouldHaveSize (inputArgs.size + 1)
+                args[0] shouldBe "restic"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("runRestic(vararg)") {
+        test("delegates to runRestic(List) and returns failure on nonexistent binary") {
+            val runner = ResticCommandRunner()
+            runner.binaryPath = "/nonexistent/restic"
+            val result = runner.runRestic(mapOf("RESTIC_REPOSITORY" to "/tmp/repo"), "version")
+            result.exitCode shouldBe -1
+            result.stdout shouldBe ""
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("CommandResult serialization") {
+        test("serializes and deserializes correctly") {
+            val original =
+                ResticCommandRunner.CommandResult(
+                    stdout = "some output",
+                    stderr = "",
+                    exitCode = 0,
+                )
+            val json = Json.encodeToString(original)
+            val decoded = Json.decodeFromString<ResticCommandRunner.CommandResult>(json)
+            decoded.stdout shouldBe "some output"
+            decoded.stderr shouldBe ""
+            decoded.exitCode shouldBe 0
+        }
+
+        test("roundtrip property: preserves exit code") {
+            checkAll(Arb.int()) { code ->
+                val original =
+                    ResticCommandRunner.CommandResult(
+                        stdout = "out",
+                        stderr = code.toString(),
+                        exitCode = code,
+                    )
+                val json = Json.encodeToString(original)
+                val decoded = Json.decodeFromString<ResticCommandRunner.CommandResult>(json)
+                decoded.exitCode shouldBe code
+                decoded.stderr shouldBe code.toString()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    context("ResticCommandRunner instantiation") {
+        test("default binary path is restic") {
+            defaultRunner.binaryPath shouldBe "restic"
+        }
+
+        test("can set custom binary path") {
+            val runner = ResticCommandRunner()
+            runner.binaryPath = "/custom/path/restic"
+            runner.binaryPath shouldBe "/custom/path/restic"
+        }
+    }
+})

ktlint.py

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Kotlin LSP client for code diagnostics. Collects all LSP messages."""
+import subprocess, json, sys, os, signal, time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+def run_diagnostics(project_dir: str, file_path: str, timeout: int = 60):
+    proc = subprocess.Popen(
+        ['/usr/local/bin/kotlin-language-server'],
+        stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+        cwd=project_dir, preexec_fn=lambda: signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_DFL)
+    )
+
+    def send(msg):
+        data = json.dumps(msg).encode('utf-8')
+        proc.stdin.write(f'Content-Length: {len(data)}\r\n\r\n'.encode('utf-8'))
+        proc.stdin.write(data)
+        proc.stdin.flush()
+
+    def recv(timeout_s=5):
+        content_length = 0
+        end = time.time() + timeout_s
+        while time.time() < end:
+            if proc.poll() is not None:
+                return None
+            ready = proc.stdout.readable()
+            if not ready:
+                time.sleep(0.05)
+                continue
+            line = proc.stdout.readline()
+            if not line:
+                time.sleep(0.05)
+                continue
+            line = line.decode('utf-8', errors='replace').strip()
+            if line.startswith('Content-Length:'):
+                content_length = int(line.split(':')[1].strip())
+            elif line == '' and content_length > 0:
+                body = proc.stdout.read(content_length).decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
+                return json.loads(body)
+        return 'TIMEOUT'
+
+    all_msgs = []
+    
+    send({
+        'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'id': 1, 'method': 'initialize',
+        'params': {
+            'processId': os.getpid(),
+            'capabilities': {
+                'textDocument': {'diagnostics': {'dynamicRegistration': False}},
+                'workspace': {'didChangeWatchedFiles': {'dynamicRegistration': False}}
+            },
+            'rootUri': f'file://{project_dir}',
+            'workspaceFolders': [{'uri': f'file://{project_dir}', 'name': Path(project_dir).name}]
+        }
+    })
+
+    # Read all messages until we get initialize result
+    end = time.time() + timeout
+    init_ok = False
+    while time.time() < end and not init_ok:
+        msg = recv(5)
+        if msg is None:
+            break
+        if msg == 'TIMEOUT':
+            continue
+        all_msgs.append(('init', msg))
+        if msg.get('id') == 1 and 'result' in msg:
+            init_ok = True
+
+    if not init_ok:
+        return all_msgs, f'INIT_TIMEOUT after {timeout}s'
+
+    send({'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'initialized', 'params': {}})
+
+    # Open file
+    file_uri = f'file://{file_path}'
+    with open(file_path) as f:
+        content = f.read()
+    
+    send({
+        'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'textDocument/didOpen',
+        'params': {
+            'textDocument': {
+                'uri': file_uri, 'languageId': 'kotlin',
+                'version': 1, 'text': content
+            }
+        }
+    })
+
+    # Collect messages for remaining time
+    end = time.time() + 30
+    while time.time() < end:
+        msg = recv(3)
+        if msg is None or msg == 'TIMEOUT':
+            continue
+        all_msgs.append(('open', msg))
+
+    # Shutdown
+    send({'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'id': 2, 'method': 'shutdown', 'params': {}})
+    
+    try:
+        proc.terminate()
+        proc.wait(timeout=3)
+    except:
+        proc.kill()
+    
+    return all_msgs, 'OK'
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    file_path = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[1])
+    project_dir = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[2]) if len(sys.argv) > 2 else os.getcwd()
+    print(f'Project: {project_dir}')
+    print(f'File:    {file_path}\n')
+
+    msgs, status = run_diagnostics(project_dir, file_path)
+    
+    print(f'Status: {status}')
+    print(f'Messages received: {len(msgs)}\n')
+    
+    diag_count = 0
+    for phase, msg in msgs:
+        method = msg.get('method', '?')
+        if 'id' in msg:
+            method = f'response(id={msg["id"]})'
+        if 'error' in msg:
+            print(f'  [{phase}] {method} ERROR: {msg["error"]}')
+        elif method == 'window/logMessage':
+            print(f'  [{phase}] log: {msg.get("params",{}).get("message","")}')
+        elif method == 'window/showMessage':
+            print(f'  [{phase}] show: {msg.get("params",{}).get("message","")}')
+        elif method == 'textDocument/publishDiagnostics':
+            diags = msg.get('params', {}).get('diagnostics', [])
+            diag_count += len(diags)
+            uri = msg.get('params', {}).get('uri', '')
+            print(f'  [{phase}] publishDiagnostics ({len(diags)} items): {os.path.basename(uri)}')
+            for d in diags:
+                r = d.get('range', {})
+                s = r.get('start', {})
+                sev = {1:'E',2:'W',3:'I',4:'H'}.get(d.get('severity'),'?')
+                print(f'     {sev} {s.get("line",0)+1}:{s.get("character",0)+1} {d.get("message","")}')
+        elif method.startswith('response'):
+            if 'result' in msg:
+                caps = msg.get('result', {}).get('capabilities', {})
+                print(f'  [{phase}] {method} capabilities: {json.dumps(caps, indent=2)[:400]}')
+            else:
+                print(f'  [{phase}] {method}')
+        else:
+            print(f'  [{phase}] {method}: {json.dumps(msg, indent=2)[:200]}')
+    
+    print(f'\nTotal diagnostics: {diag_count}')